人教版高中英语必修三unit4知识点汇总及练习(word文档良心出品)

1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars单元要点预览词 汇 部 分词语辨析1. loudly / loud / aloud2. unlike / dislike3. remain / leave4. climate / weather5. now that / since / because / as词 形 变 化1. violent adj.强暴的，猛烈的violence n.暴力，强暴；猛烈violently adv.强暴地；猛烈地2. fundamental adj.基本 （础）的n.pl.基本原 则（法则）fundamentally adv.

2、基本地；根本地fundament n.基础;根本3. development n.生长，发展；新情况develop vt.发展；产生vi.生长；发展developed adj.发达 的 developing adj.发 展的4. lay vt.放下；摆设；产（蛋）laylaidlaidlayinglie vi.躺，平放；位于lielaylainlyi nglie n.&vi. 谎话；说谎 lie-lied-lied-lyin g5. prevent vt.预防，防止prevention n.预防；阻止；妨碍preventable adj可防止的，可预防的6. gentle adj.和蔼

3、的；轻柔的gently adv.温和地；静静地7. physics n.物理，物理学physicist n.物理学家physical adj.身体的；物理（学）的；物质的重点单词1. system n.c系统；体系；制度；方法2. lay vt. （laid, laid, laying）把 放下；摆设；铺（地毯）;厂（蛋）3. harmful adj.有害的；伤害的4. exist vi.存在；生存5. puzzle v.攸）迷惑；（使）苦思 n.谜；难题6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；拉（弓1）力7. cheer vt.&vi.（使）局兴、振奋；（对）欢呼重 点 词

4、 组1. to begin with以开始；由作为开头；首先2. in time及时；最终；迟早3. in onestU倒某人；接意4. prevent.from 使不做事；阻止 做臬事5. block out挡住（光线）6. be off = set off出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张7. break out供难、战争等）突发；爆发8. watch out密切注视；当心；提防重点句子1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide,

5、 oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth' s atmosphere.2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop.3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.重点语法宾语从句和表语从句（见语法部分）语言要点I .词语辨析1. loudly /loud / aloud【解释】loudl

6、y adv响亮地，高声地loud adj/adv 与 sing, speak, talk连用aloud adv相对默读而言；出声【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1) . Will you please speak?2) . It is good for you to read English every morning.3) . The bomb exploded.4) . Is her voice enough ?5) . Action speaks than words事实胜于雄辩).2. unlike / dislikeunlike prep.不像，和不同 adj.作表语不相

7、似；不同dislike vt./n.不喜爱，厌恶【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1) . A good hotel managershould know his regular guests ' likes and2) . Her latest novel is quite her earlier work.3) . If you go on like that you' ll get yourself(like).4) . I was very interested in the lecture,many of the students.3. remain/lea

8、ve【解释】remain vi.仍然是；留下；剩下常用句型：remain + n.仍然是remain + adj./adv./prep.仍然是remain + v-ed/v-ing 仍然是 remain to be doneW待去做，依然要做 leave vt.剩下，忽略或未拿或未带(某物)，使或让(某人、事物)处某状态 、某地等常用句型：leave sb. sth. / leave sth. to sb给某人留下某物leave sth (for sb)留下，交待下(某物)leave sth to sb将某物遗赠给某人remaining/left两者都可以作形容词，表示 剩下的"，前

9、者用于被修饰的名词之 前，后者用于被修饰的名词之后。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1) . Someone you this note while you were out.2) . After the earthquake, little of the village.3) . He used the money to buy a dictionary.4) . After buying the dictionary, he had not much money.5) . Arriving home, I found that I' d my key in the of

10、fice.6) . Don ' t leave her(wait) outside in the rain.7) . She remained(change) after all these years.8) . A great many things remain(do).4. climate / weather【解释】climate指从长时间的范围来看某地的平均气候或经常性的气候；weather指某地一时的天气，如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1) . We shall go out for a picnic tomorrow if the

11、 is fine.2) . A drier would be good for your health.3) . I couldn ' t imagine what it would beolikeet in a hot.4) . The of our country is mild, but individual places experience bad第26页共25页5. now that / since / because / as【解释】都可引导原因状语从句，语气最强的是 because引导直接而明确的原因，也 用来回答why的问句或用于强调句型；其次是 since/now

12、that,表示已知或明 显的原因，再次是as,引导的原因是不言而喻、显而易见的；for引导的是并 列分句，表推测或判断的原因，前面有逗号隔开。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1） .everybody is here, let' s begin our meeting.2） It was he was ill that he didn' t go to school.3） . It must have rained last night,the ground is all wet.4） .we are alone, we can speak freely.n .词性

13、变化1. violent adj.强暴的，猛烈的violence n.暴力，强暴；猛烈violently adv.强暴地；猛烈地2. fundamental adj.基本 （础）的n.pl.基本原则 （法则）fundamentally adv.基本地；根本地fundament n.基础；根本3. development n 生长，发展；新情况develop vt.发展；产生vi.生长；发展developed adj.发达的developing adj.发展的4. lay vt.放下;摆设；产 （蛋）lay-laid-laid-layin glie vi.躺，平放；位于lie-lay-lain-

14、lyinglie n.&vi. 谎话；说谎lie-lied-lied-lying5. prevent vt.预防，防止prevention n预防； 阻止；妨碍preventable adj可防止的，可预防的6. gentle adj 轻柔的gently adv温和地；静静地7. physics n物理,物理学physicist n.物理学家physical adj.身体的;物理（学）的;物质的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1) . The naughty boy(lie) to me that the hen that(lie) there just now had(lay

15、) two eggs the day before.2) . In my opinion,(prevent) is more important than treatment.3) . Some programs on the Internet are full of(violent) and sex.4) . With the(develop) of modern industry, more and more pollution is caused.5) . China is a(develop) country belong to the third world.6) . There a

16、re(fundament) differences between your religious beliefs and mine.7) . His ambition is to become a great(physics).出.重点词汇1. system n.c系统;体系；制度；方法 systematic adj有系统的；有条理的 典例1) . The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets.太阳系包括太阳和它的 八颗行星。2) . Alcohol is bad for your system.喝酒对身体有害。练习根据句子的意

17、思完成句子。1) . The 敏育系统)operates very differently in the US and China.2) . He introduced us a well-designed 1钺路系统).3) lay vt. （laid, laid, laying）把放下；摆设；铺（地毯）;产（蛋） 典例1) . He laid his hand on my shoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。重点用法lay短语：lay eggs 下蛋lay sth. down把某物放下lay the table 摆桌子2) . Who should we lay the blame on

18、?我们该责备谁？lay sth. aside把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）lay the blame on sbW 备某人lay emphasis / stress on sth吉巴重点放在某事上nests.练习根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1) . The bird its eggs in other birds2) . He is a political leader that(非常强调)individualresponsibility.3) . He some money for rainy days.3. harmful adj.有害的；伤害的 harm n.&vt.伤

19、害(某人) 典例Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking.很多人都意识到吸烟的危害。重点用法be harmful to sb./sth.对有害do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb对有害； 伤害 练习根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1) . Everyone knows that smoking is to your health.2) . In many cases, too much care for children from parents might even do t

20、otheir growth.3) .在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。4. exist vi.存在； 生存 existence n.存在典例1) . Does life exist on Mars?火星上有生命吗？2) . I can hardly exist on the wage I我箭曲揄的翼资简直难以醐口。重点用法exist + prep.存在于地方exist on sth.靠某物生存练习用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。3) . This plant only Australia.4) . Can you such a low salary?5) . I doubt the(exis

21、t) of alien.5. puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思 n.谜；难题puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的puzzling adj.令人费解的典例1) . Her reply puzzled me.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。2) . Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。重点用法sth. puzzles sb.某事使某人迷惑/为难sb. be puzzled by sth.某人对感到迷惑puzzle about/over sth.对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索(以便理解)p

22、uzzle one ' s brSin苦想； 绞尽脑汁solve a puzzle解决个难题练习用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。1) . To explain the(puzzle) findings, he offers two theories.2) . I(puzzle) that I haven' t heard from Liz for so long.3) . She listened with a(puzzle) expression on her face.4) . No one has yet succeeded in explaining the(puz

23、zle) of how life began.5) . He(puzzle) what to do next.6) .使我困惑的事情)is why he left the country withouttelling anyone.6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；拉（弓I）力典例1） . You push and I ' 饰解推，我来拉。2） . I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。重点用法pull ahead （of sb/sth）领先（於某人 /物）pull （sb） back

24、（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）pull off （sth）（指机动车辆）驶离（道路）（至路侧停车处停下）pull out （sth.）拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）pull on穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）pull together同心协力；通力合作练习用pull短语的适当形式填空。3） . I arrived as the last train was.4） . He a gun and aimed at the criminal.5） . So long as we, there ' s no mountain top we can ' t conque7. cheer vt.

25、 & vi.(使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼cheerful adj.高兴的 cheerless ad2 高兴的典例1) . The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeare政王出现时群众高声欢呼。2) . He was greatly cheered by the news他听至U这个消息非常高兴。重点用法cheer sb. on为某人加油cheer (sb) up (使某人)更高兴或更快活练习用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。1) . Your visit has greatly him up.2) . The crowd the runne

26、rs as they started the last lap.3) . You look as though you need up.IV .重点词组1. to begin with = to start with以开始；由作为开头；首先典例To begin/startwith, I couldn ' t understand a singleword.我一句也没弄明白。重点用法begin/start with 从开始begin/start sth with 从开始练习根据句子的意思完成句子。1) . He his speech a poem.2) . His speech a po

27、em.3) ., pets are good friends of many lonely people, especially the old.2. in time及时；最终；迟早典例1) . They caught the bus in time.他们及时赶上了汽车。2) . If you keep on, you will succeed in time. 如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功 的。短语归纳time短语:in time for sth./ to do sth.及时； 不迟 in no time 立亥1J; 马上 at no time永不 at one time有个时期；曾经；

28、一度at times = sometimes 有时on time按时；准时at a time 一次；每次all the time 一直；始终for the time being 暂时； 暂且take one ' s time1急； 慢慢来kill time消磨时间from time to time 不时地，问或 once upon a time 从前 at the same time同时；尽管如此 race against time 争分夺秒 time and again 一次又一次； 重复地 keep bad time (钟、表)走得不准many a time常常；多次ahead o

29、f time 提前, 提早keep time斜表)走得准take one ' s timeB!来，另您by the time至U的时候为止have a good/nice/hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很It ' s (high/about) time that sb. did/ should do sth做某事的时候了练习用time短语填空。3) . They sent the mail to me just, before I left.4) . William arrived at the theatre just for the play wa

30、s to be on.5) . Hurry up! The concert will begin.6) .w川 I give up.7) . The boy laughed and cried.8) .he was addicted to playing web games, but now he devotes himself to writing, which delights his parents.9) . Don ' t try to do everything at once; take it a bit.10) You ' ll have your own off

31、ice soon, butyouhave to share one with me.3. in one' s turnfe到某人；接着典例I will see you, each in your turn.我将要一个接着一个地看你。in turn轮流；一个接着一个by turns轮流；阵阵短语归纳turn短语：take turns (to do sth.轮流(做某物)s ones turn to do某人做某事了练习用turn短语填空或翻译句子。1) . She went hot and cold2) .我们轮流着开车。3) .今天轮到谁发言了?4. prevent.from = st

32、op.from = keep.from 使不做事； 阻止 做某事典例His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow' s game.他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。【用法辨析】 注意 :prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的 from 可省,keep sb. from doing sth.中from不可省略，因为keep sb. doing sth是 使某人一直做某事”之 意；但如在被动语态中，三者的from都不可省；当后接sb' s doing sth宾 语时，只能用 p

33、revent或stop,不能用 keep,因为没有 keep sb' s doing st附 句型。练习根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。1) . Doctors took action toK 止这种疾病的蔓延).2) . Of course I can ' t your going abroad.3) .警察阻止他们携带武器5. block out挡住（光线）典例That wall blocks out all the light.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。短语归纳out短语：break out爆发，发生 burst out大声喊叫，突然 起来go out外出;过时；（灯）熄put

34、 out关（灯）；扑灭；生产come out出现，显露；出版，结果是help out帮助解决难题（或摆脱困境）look out留神；注意 watch out注意；提防find out找出，查明，发现pick out挑出，辨认出，分辨出 speak out大声地说，大胆地说think out仔细思考某事；想出（主意等）hang out挂出，闲逛knocked out摩击中）击倒，打昏sell out售完（某种货物），脱销turn out结果证明是run out （of）用完，耗尽check out结帐离去，办妥手续离去hand out分发，散发give out分发；用完，消耗尽；发出（光、声音等

35、）练习用out短语填空。1） . At the end of the race his legs and he collapsed on the ground.2） . It ' s easy to him in a crowd because he is very tall.3） . His nwe book will next month.4） . We thought it was going to rain; it to be a find day.5） . We of/from our hotel at 5 a.m. to catch a 7 a.m. flight.6. b

36、e off = set off出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张典例Then we were off.随后我们就启程了。短语归纳off短语：get off下车 fall off从摔下来 take off脱下；起飞keep off远离turn off关闭pay off付清，还清setoff给送行 kick off踢球 jump off 跳下 give off 散发 show off 炫耀 shut off 关闭练习用turn短语填空或翻译。1） . It is a Sunday and we 不用上班）today.2） . Her husband on a business trip somewhe

37、re.3） . There we saw a sign reading,"the grass ” .4） . After ten years of hard work, she finally all her debts.7. break out仅难、战争等）突发；爆发典例Fire broke out during the night.夜间突然发生了 火灾。短语归纳break短语：break away from脱离（党派）；摆脱（控制）break down毁掉；坏掉；（计划/谈判）失败break up打碎；拆散；（会议）结束；分裂（解体）break off （使）停止；中断；折断 b

38、reak into sth.强行进入某处break one ' s word/promse ；说话不算数练习用break短语填空。1） . A terrible tsunami in the southeastern countries of Asia atChristmas, 2004.2） . When do you for Christmas?3） . Negotiations between the two sides have.4） . His house was last week.8. watch out密切注视；当心；提防典例Watch out! There '

39、 s ODoang.小心！汽车来了。重点用法watch out for sb/sth警惕或注意某人/事物watch over保护；照看练习用watch短语填空。1). There must have been an angel me that day.2). What problems should Iwhen buying an old house?3). You ' ll become an alcoholic if you don' tV .重点句子1) It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time t

40、o produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases,which were to make the earth ' s atmosphere.它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮 和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。解释“be坏定式”结构通常用来表示 按计划或安排将要做的事情”，或表示上 级对下级、父母对子女下命令，应该做某事”或表示某事 将必然发生”。例如：2) . Here is a message for you from your head

41、 teacher: you are to go to her office after class.你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。3) . The worst is still to come.更糟糕的事情还会发生。4) . We ll hold a meeting tomorrow. = We are to hold a meeting tomorrow. = A meeting is to be held tomorrow.我们明天将开会。5) . The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10: 25 am. 这趟火车将于上午 10:

42、25 到达北 京。练习完成句子或翻译。1) . Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you toher office after class.(尔的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。)2) . The worst is still(come).3) . We ' ll hold a meeting tomorrow.=We a meeting tomorrow. = A meeting istomorrow.4) .这趟火车将于上午10: 25到达北京。2. That made it possible for

43、life to begin to develop.那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。解释此句中的made后跟带形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正 宾语是不定式复合结构， “foHive to begin to develop ,宾语补足语是 possible 再如： She made it her business to find out who was responsible.她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。提示：常用于此结构的动词还有 think, feel, find , consider等。例如：1) . We make it a rule to get up at 6 o r

44、y m ornock eve2) . I find it hard to get along with him.3) . He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA.他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。4) . I think/find/feel/consider it my duty to help you.我觉得我有责任帮助你。练习完成句子或翻译。5) . We规定)to get up at 6 o ' clock every morning.6) . I 侵现彳艮难)to get along with him.7) .他发现不

45、可能离开德国去美国了。8) .我觉得我有责任帮助你。3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨 度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。解释twice as.as.是的两倍”,英语常见倍数的表示句型：1) .倍数 + as + adj./adv. + as 是的几倍" My room is twice as lage as his.2) .倍数 + adj./adv.比较级 +

46、 than 比”(多/大)几倍" My room is twice larger thanhis.3) .倍数+ the +表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+ of是'的长度/高度/宽度几倍” My room is twice the size of his.注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width depth等。例如：1) . This ruler is three times as long as that one. = This ruler is three times longer than that one.=T

47、his ruler is three times the length of that one.这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。2) . There are four times as many students as we expected. 的学生是我们预计的五 倍。解释twice as . as.是的两倍，英语常见倍数的表示句型：1) . 倍数 + as + adj./adv. + as 是的几倍 " My room is twice as large as his.2) .倍数 + adj./adv比较级 + than 比(多/大)几倍" Myroom is twice

48、 largerthan his.3) .倍数+ the +表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+ of是”的长度/高度/宽度几倍”My room is twice the size of his.注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width depth等。练习完成句子或翻译。1) .这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。2) .到的学生是我们预计的五倍。There arewe expected.课文要点I .课文词汇填空根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：As the result of "Big Bang", the

49、violent earth slowly settled into a globe 1(move) around the sun. The gasses which were to make the earth's 2 (大气 层)came into being from the explosion of the dust ball, with water 3 (follow) them while the earth cooled down. It allowed the beginning for life. Many millions of years 4, the first

50、5(极度的)small plants began to appear 6 thesurface of the water, 7(繁殖)and filling the sea and oceans, whichencouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. As timepassed, green plants taking carbon dioxide and producing 8（氧气）came to landand grew into forest. Later the chains o

51、f lives continued, such as insects, amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs and mammals, the typical of 9 is human being. They don't only do 10 to the earth but cause damage to it.田.课文佳句背诵与仿写1【原旬】 What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into

52、a solid globe.模仿要点句子结构：what+主语从句+ is till +寸问名词+定语从句 【模仿11他要给我什么礼物一直不知，直到昨天下文他来看我是我才知道。【模仿2】没人知道我们将要得到什么样的工作，直到3年后我们从大学毕业以后才知道。2【原旬】 What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.模仿要点句子结构：主语从句+ is +

53、 that表语从句【模仿11他想告诉我们的是一天下文当他在回家的路上看见一只小鸟受伤了。【模仿2】他缺席的原因是他在上学时被一辆小车撞伤了。3 【原旬】 They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.模仿要点句子结构：which引导一个定语从句对上句情况的进一步说明。【模仿11我们常常看到有人乱丢乱吐，这弄得我们的环境很脏【模仿2她的父母非常感激我们，医生也高度评

54、价了我们的急救，这使得我们 意识到学习急救的必要性。单元自测1完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1 10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中， 选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Who said: "If I didn't have bad luck, I wouldn't have any luck at all! " However, not all "bad luck" should be considered as a (n)1 thing. When life gives you akick, let it kick you

55、2 ! In the 1920s, Ernest Hemingway 3 something about "bad luck" and got just such a kick. He was 4 to succeed as a writer when 5 struck. He lost a suitcase containing all the manuscripts 任稿)that he had been planning to publish.Hemingway couldn't imagine doing his work all over again. A

56、ll those months of writing were simply 6 .He told a friend about his bad luck, who told him it was actually very good 7 ! He assured 啊保证)Hemingway that when he rewrote the stories, he would forget the 8 parts; only the best material would reappear. He encouraged Hemingway to start again, but with optimism and 9 this time. Hemingway did rewrite the stories and eventually became a world-famous writer.Don't pray for fewer problems; pray for more ability. Don't ask for smaller challenges; as