基础英语试题与答案

1、2001年Part I Vocabulary找近意词1. Ravage - to enrage; to plunder; to devour ; to wear awayravage :1)To bring heavy destruction on; devastate毁灭：产生巨大的灾难；彻底毁坏2) To pillage; sack: 劫掠；抢劫Enrage: To put into a rage; infuriate.激怒；使狂怒2. Edify - to scold; to praise; to improve and enlighten; to have exceptional pl

2、easure fromEdify:启发 To instruct especially so as to encourage intellectual, moral, or spiritual improvement.3. Haggle- to wrangle; to scold; to lie; to begHaggle: 1)To bargain, as over the price of something2)To argue in an attempt to come to terms为达成协议而进行争论4. Curtail- to curl or intertwine; to depr

3、ive of; to confuse; to cut short5. Supplicate- to strangle; to grow weak; to beg humble, to entreat, adjure; to curse6. Extol - to announce; to collect; to scold or harass; to praiseExtol :To praise highly; exalt7. Facilitate - to tease; to make easy; to pretend; to congratulatetease取笑, 逗恼8. Cavort

4、- to prance around; to fling; to find fault with; to enjoy in a carefree manner1)To bound or prance about in a sprightly manner; caper.跳跃：以活泼的姿态跳跃或腾跃；蹦跳2)To have lively or boisterous fun; romp:嬉闹：愉快或吵闹地嬉戏；嬉闹：9. Sully-玷污,弄脏-to keep hidden, make secret; to hinder; to defile; soil; to put the blame on

5、someone10. Usurp - to charge high interest rates; to intrude upon; to disturb; to seize power or positionusury高利贷11. Goad - to annoy; to incite or spur; to argue; to beg用刺棒驱赶, 驱策, 激励 , 唆使12. Augment - to urge; to dispute; to promise; to increase, add to13. Inundate - to flood; deluge; to break down;

6、 to retreat; to enter into an agreement14. Waive放弃- to forgo; to demand; to look for; to be irresolute15. Confound使混淆, 把.搞混, 挫败, 讨厌- to impress; to bring together; to frustrate; to confuse, perplexconfound fiction and fact.把事实与假设混为一谈Part II Vocabulary 选词填空1. Aadjudicate判决, 宣判2. B常用于否定句容许The situatio

7、n does not permit of any delay.情况不允许有任何耽搁。perpetrate a crime犯罪3. A, B ? impulsion冲动; impulse推动, 刺激, 冲动, 推动力She bought the dress on impulse.她一时冲动买了这件衣服。a man of impulse易冲动的人4. DCompulsive强迫的；难以抑制的Compulsive drinking is bad for one's health.不加节制的饮酒有害健康。5. BEmit:发射，发出声音6. Dgenial亲切的7. Atantalizing非

8、常着急的tantalize逗弄, 使干着急tenable可维持的tendentious有倾向的, 有偏见的8. Cto retain one's balance保持平衡; a levee to retain the lake挡住湖水的堤坝9. AObtrude:1)To impose (oneself or one's ideas) on/upon others with undue insistence or without invitation.：以不合适的坚持或在没有被邀请时将自己或某人的观点强加于别人2)To thrust out; push forward.挤出：挤出

9、；推向前10. CNonchalant冷淡的=phlegmatic, impassive, indifferent11. Aimpertinent无关的, 鲁莽的, 不相干的small talk闲聊break into:打断，闯入Pertinent =relevant, Having logical, precise relevance to the matter at handpertinacious固执的12. Creside（与in连用）存在于，属于resit <英> vt.(尤指考试不及格后)再参加(考试)13. ADeposit silt沉积淤泥deprave堕落To d

10、ebase, especially morallydeport举止, 驱逐demote使降级, 使降职To reduce in grade, rank, or status.14. Ba fusion of interests利益的熔合 fission 裂开, 分裂A fusion of religion and politics emerged.出现了政教合一的局面infusion灌输confusion迷惑induction感应, 引发, 归纳15. AFragment片段fraction小部分, 分数Part III Vocabulary 词意辨析1.The weather forecas

11、t says it is liable to rain today.This shoe is apt to slip.这种鞋容易滑倒。The train is likely to be late.这趟火车很可能晚点。2. alumnus男校友alumni男校友的复数形（有时候作为男女毕业生统称）alumna女校友alumnae女校友的复数形3. The word red has an unpleasant connotation for many people.Denotation (direct note)直接意思，字面意义。The most specific or direct meani

12、ng of a word, in contrast to its figurative or associated meanings.直接意义：一个词最特定的或最直接的意义，与它的喻意或相关意相对Connotation: 言外之意，内涵An idea or meaning suggested by or associated with a word or thing:含意：用一个词或一件事表示出的思想或意义：Hollywood holds connotations of romance and glittering success.好莱坞一词包含了浪漫与耀眼的成就的含意4. Due to th

13、e bad weather, we arrived late.5. One could say that all cats are ?egoist自我主义者altruist利他主义者, 爱他主义者 altruism (another true)egotism自我中心, 自尊自大egotist1)A conceited, boastful person.自大的人：自负，吹牛的人2)A selfish, self-centered person.自私的人：自私，自我中心的人6.The audience yawned and seemed uninterested in the speech.Dis

14、interested (弟弟无利益) : Free of bias and self-interest; impartial:无偏见和私欲的，公正不阿的：Uninterested（uncle 无兴趣）不感兴趣的, 无利害关系的7. My little son is eagerly looking forward to Christmas.eagerly热心地, 急切地anxiously忧虑地, 不安地8. He has a contemptuous attitude toward sloppy(肮脏的，潮湿的) work.contemplable沉思的,能够被构思的 contemplate凝视

15、, 沉思contemptuous: manifesting or feeling contempt; scornful.鄙视的：表示轻蔑的或感觉不屑的；鄙视的9. The Grand Canyon(大峡谷) is of incomparable(=unparallel ) beauty举世无双的美.10. ophthalmologist眼科专家, 眼科医师optometrist验光师, 视力测定者11. Golf is the vocation of a professional golfer.12. Your work for the committee has been most cred

16、itable.credible可信的, 可靠的 worthy of confidence, reliablea creditable effort值得赞扬的成就13. This is the most historic building in the town.Historic: having importance in or influence on history.在历史上重要的，有历史影响的a historic meeting between the two leaders两位领导人的具有历史意义的会见historical历史(上)的, 有关历史的relating to history

17、14. I cant stand your continual/continuous interruption.15. If you have a cough accompanied with a fever, see a doctor. She went to Europe accompanied by her colleague.Part III Filling in the missing words OneTake for instance the evening of December 31, 1994, when I began my assignment _as_ the for

18、eign affairs columnist for The New York Times. I stated the column _serial_ writing from Tokyo, and when I arrived at the Okura Hotel _after_ a long transpacific(横渡太平洋的) flight, I called room service _on_ one simple request: “Could you please send me _only_ four oranges” I am addicted _to_ citrus（柑橘

19、类） and I needed a fix. It seemed to me a simple_ order when I telephoned it in, and the person on the other end _quickly came_ to understand. About twenty minutes _later_ there was a knock at my door. A room service waiter was standing there _in_ his perfectly creased（起皱褶的）uniform. In front of him w

20、as a cart _covered_ by a starched浆硬的 white tablecloth. _On_ the tablecloth were four tall _glasses_ of fresh-squeezed orange juice, _beside_ glass set regally(为王, 象帝王地)_was_ a small silver bowl of ice. Two I believe that _if_ you want to understand the post-Cold War world you _ought_ to start by und

21、erstanding that a new international system _has_ succeeded（followed） it -globalization. _It_ is “The One Big Thing” people should focus on. Globalization is not the only thing _making_ events in the world today, but to the _broad sense_ that there is a North Star and a worldwide shaping _network_, i

22、t is this system. What is new is the _system itself_; what is _old_ is power politics, chaos, clashing civilizations_and_ liberalism. _Suppose_what is the drama of the post-Cold War world is the interaction _in_ this new system _among_ all these old passions and aspirations. It is a complex drama, _

23、with_ the final act still not written. ThreeElections alone will never be enough to ensure _effective_ governance; Russia and Pakistan are proof _sample(样本)_ of that. At the same _time_, just installing modern operating _system_ and software in a country, _or_ holding regular elections that can _pre

24、vent _ corrupt leaders, will never be _efficacious_ either. That is why the wisest _leaders_ in developing countries will be no _politicians_ , and without better software and _operating_ systems there will be no herd(兽群, 民众)Part IV Reding and Answering QuestionsGab饶舌, 多嘴Crave: To have an intense de

25、sire for.Obscurity身份低微Evocatively唤起的assertiveness断定的, 过分自信的disambiguate 语消除的歧义cybernetic 控制论的1. When is communication different from conversation?Communication defers from conversation for the reason that the former can be both verbal and written, and it includes telephone links, telecommunication e

26、xchanges, E-mail, the Internet or Writing reports. However, conversation is merely words exchange between two or more individuals; of course it can also be non-verbal. 2. What does “effective communication” mean?The ability for effective communication can be considered as soft skill. Effective commu

27、nication refers to a process of successful communication through use of variety of resources both verbal, non-verbal and written.3. What could be considered non-verbal communication?Non-verbal communication includes not only body movements, gestures, smell, but also extra-linguistic features of spee

28、ch like intonation, speed, pause etc. 4. What functions could non-verbal communication serve?Non-verbal communication can provide the context of verbal communication and also has the power to make it clear or invalid the content of linguistic expressions.5. How can you improve your soft skills?We ma

29、y develop out soft skills from basically three ways: to begin with, seek a teacher or a senior leader, more experienced colleagues to help you, since you may learn much quickly from their ways of communication with other people. Moreover, the ability to make a fluent speech is also important. You ca

30、n improve the ability by signing up for writing and speaking course through university distance education. You make find it much beneficial to talk with a counselor. Finally, self-image is significant as the competition for winning a job heats up. Appearance and body language indicate your education

31、, personality and so on.Part V Chinese SummaryDoom-and-gloom storyFin de siecle eschatologist 世界末日的来世论学者Ripple throughout East Asia波及整个东亚地区。Creep -creptEmanatingPrognoses预测，先知DrearyAugustJeopardyBlipFirs whiffFlunk= fail the examWe skipped science class again.我们又一次逃了自然科学课补考resit for the exam = do th

32、e makeup exam2002年Part I1. Andys jocular manner made him loved by all his companions.jocular诙谐的 jesting笑话, 滑稽 = ludicrous2. The art students are enthralled by the sheer beauty of the portrait which hung before them.enthralling迷人的captivate迷住, 迷惑entrench掘壕沟,保护3. Sally was mortified (痛苦得要死=羞辱) by her d

33、ates unprecedented behavior.humiliateoverjoy使大喜4. Marvins doctor said he was obese （obesity）and had to take immediate measures to correct the problem.corpulent肥大的, 肥胖的= chubby, plumpPetulant(pet ulant像宠物一样爱发脾气): unreasonably irritable or ill-tempered; peevish.脾气坏的：无理由地激怒的或发脾气的；易怒的5. That sounds ludi

34、crous(可笑的, 滑稽的). I think your reasoning is fallacious.Based on error. Based on meditation冥思苦想.6. Persons with mediocre talents have often achieved excellent results through his industry.Mediocre: moderate, no very good普通的，平庸的Placable: easily calmed or pacified; tolerant.易平息的，易和解的，宽容的：容易平息下来或抚慰的；宽容的7

35、. Victoria Holt and William Shakespeare are prolific writers.=productive多产的8. American steel production increased phenomenally right after 1990, from 10 to 25 million tons.= Extraordinarily9. Be careful with the lamp当心灯, its fragile. =breakable10. The wealthy widow was wary of swindlers骗子out to fool

36、 her. Watchful for警惕的, 提防的 paying attention to what is happening in case of danger, accidents.Cautious about sth./doing sth.谨慎的, 小心的 being careful about what you say and you do.swindle诈骗11. There was tranquility all about us while we were rowing the boat.=calmness. exhilaration令人高兴, 愉快12. John didnt

37、 enjoy the rock concert because he thought the tempo was bad.=rhythm13. The directors faced a predicament in trying to meet the deadline.A situation, especially an unpleasant, troublesome, or trying one, from which extrication is difficult. 困境，苦处：令人不快、麻烦或艰难并难以摆脱的境况,参见 dilemmaEnigma: 难题，迷mystery，prob

38、lem14. The economy of Dallas, Texas, is strong and diversified.=varied.well-regulated井然有序的15. Nearly half of the towns inhabitants are descendants of indigenous civilizations.=native16. Abraham Lincoln was an excellent writer and was able to express his ideas lucidly. = Clearly.清晰地，透彻地17. Once thoug

39、ht doomed to extinction, southern sea otters are now stringently protected through the efforts of naturalists groups.=rigorously严厉地stringent严厉的, 苛刻的, 银根紧的stringent/contracting economic policies.经济紧缩政策18. The lizard called the Gila monster is ordinarily sluggish and clumsy.=Lethargic昏睡的，没精打采的19. The

40、population of Seattle is a conglomerate of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.conglomerate聚结,联合企业 =combination, fusion, concentration =company, a group of personsassortment:1)The act of assorting; separation into classes.分类：分类的行为；分类2) A collection of various kinds; a variety. 多种多样

41、：一批品种多样的收藏；多种多样20. From the first battles of the United States Civil War came reports of dire shortages of medical personnel and hospital supplies.dire迫切的,可怕的= dreadful, urgentRecurrent: Occurring or appearing again or repeatedly. 反复出现的Part IICloze Since speech is an important medium of communicatio

42、n and learning, attainment成就，达到 levels in schools may be related to differences in speech patterns. Much of the early work in this area _has been_ conducted by the English sociologist Basil Bernstein. He _sums up_ two forms of speech pattern which he terms _as_ elaborated code and the restricted cod

43、e. In general, members_ of the working class are limited to the _use_ of restricted codes whereas members of the middles class use _elaborated_ codes.Restricted codes are a kind of shorthand _expressions_. Those conversing in terms of the code _share_ so much in common that there is no _need_ to mak

44、e meanings explicit in speech. Married couples _frequently_ use restricted codes since their shared experience and understandings _make_ it unnecessary to spell _out_ their meanings and intentions in detail.Bernstein states that _restricted_ codes are characterized by “short, grammatically simple, o

45、ften unfinished_sentences_” There is limited use of adjectives and adjectival clauses, _and _ use of_ adverbs and adverbial clauses. Meaning and intention are _presented_ more by gesture, voice intonations and the _context_ in which the communication takes places.Restricted codes_need_ to operate in

46、 terms of particularistic meanings and _ as_ such they are tied to specific contexts. _It_ so much is taken for granted and relatively _scarcely_ is make explicit, restricted codes are largely limited to _use_ with objects, events and relationships which are familiar to _a kind of_ communicating. Th

47、us the meanings conveyed by the code are limited to a _specific_ social group: they are bound to a particular social context and are not readily available to _other groups_. Part III Reading & WritingDusty cretonne大花窗帘棉布Nostril 鼻孔Clack n.噼啪响Crunch 扎扎地踏过Cinder 煤渣HuntBlackthorn stick 李木手杖Nix 停!, 不

48、行! 禁止, 拒绝Harmonium小风琴palpitation.心脏急速跳动squabble = quarrel muse the pitifulMaze迷惘 of distressPittance = a meager amount of allowancemuse沉思n.希神 文艺、美术 、音乐等de 缪斯女神a bell clang upon my heart clutched the railings in frenzyI was shouted at to go on but I still turned back to call (out/loudly) to her.人们对我大

49、喊，让我往前走，但我还是转过身来大声叫她。This is the house from which I have never dreamed of being divided.我做梦时都没有与这座房子分开过。He tried to weigh each side of the question.他努力的衡量这个问题的方方面面。I will not cry out many tears at leaving you, for only death can do us apart.当我离开你时，我不会放声大哭, 因为只有死神才能让我们分离。She stood up in a sudden impu

50、lse of terror.One Reading1. What is Evelines home life like? How does she expect her new life to be different?2. Why is the word dust mentioned so often?Dust is like the words spelled out to Evelin by her mother who asked her to try her best to keep the family together when she died. So the dust is

51、really a burden or duty upon her heart.3. What sort of person was Evelines mother? Does Eveline identify with(认同) her mother in any way?Evelines mother is a traditional woman committed to her family and husband, sacrificing her whole life without any demands. 4. what sort of person is Frank? In what

52、 ways is Eveline “like a helpless animal?” What is she afraid of?Frank, a sailor on a gigantic ship, is kind, manly, openhearted. She is like a helpless animal for she couldnt take charge of her own life to pursue her happiness, for so many family burdens laid upon her. She is afraid of being gossip

53、ed and of breaking her promise to her mother. 5. Do you think Eveline made the right decision? Why or why not?There is no right or wrong when a woman faces with a love beyond her control. 2003年I. Synonyms1. Phlegmatic冷静的,冷淡的,多痰的 = calmdilapidated残破的；倒塌的；破旧的2 Pusillanimous: lacking courage;= cowardly

54、.胆怯的：缺少勇气的；胆小dauntless不屈不挠的, 大胆的6. Laconic (用词)简洁的, 简明的 = pithy有髓的, 精练的=succinctCursory = perfunctory 草率的Grandiose浮夸的；夸大的inveterate根深蒂固的；积习已深的in+veter (=make old)+-ate7. Amalgamate合并= minglecroon低唱, 低吟5. Periphrasis = circumlocution.迂回的说法6.Reprehend责备= upbraid, reprovePrecipitate猛抛, 使沉淀; 陡然下降(或下落)的,

55、 贸然轻率的a precipitous drop in commodity prices. 商品价格急剧下跌。Precipitation: 仓促;降（雨）量7. Rue = penitence后悔；忏悔 repent= remorse, regret8. Dwindle (To become gradually less until little remains)= shrink, diminish, subside. 减少Smolder 1)闷燃：不生产火焰地燃烧; 2)郁闷,忿恨 9. precarious 1)不安全的；危险的 2)臆断的；基于不稳定的前提的=hazardousa precarious solution to a difficult problem.尚未证实可行的解决方法10. economize=husbandcodify编成法典；整理11. impecunious(lacking money; penniless.没钱的