2017-2018学年高考英语大题精做05阅读理解七选五(含解析)新人教版

1、阅读理解七选五一、考试大纲对阅读理解的主要要求1.掌握所读文章的主旨和大意以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；2.既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；3.既理解字面意思，也理解根据字面意思可以推断出来的没有明确说出的深沉含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；4.既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断；5.既能根据文章所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生自己应有的常识去理解。二、考试大纲对阅读理解七选五的要求试卷中题干表述如下： 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳 选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。阅读理解七选五，即给出一篇缺少5 个句子的文章，对应有七个选项

2、，根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子， 填入相应的空白处。 该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了新课标“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力； 逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。七选五和传统题型完型填空有些类似，虽然完型填空题考查的是词汇层面，七选五考查的是句子层面，但是它们的考查方式是一样的，只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯，符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行，因此，这两类题型在做题方法上有共同之处。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的

3、特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出VV7 /现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两 个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题， 过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。三、阅读理解七选五题型的特点1.符合英语课程标准中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决2问题的能力”的要求

4、和2008 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明中“如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段 与段之间的逻辑关系。”的要求。如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范 围内的考查，它是语言表达的基本单位，属于语言的组织规律， 那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查，是语言使用的范畴，属于言语的组织规律，简单地说，前者侧重语言的结构一语法，而后者侧重语言的使用一章法。2.注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。 阅读本质就是一种理解、 吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的 思维过程，新题型不但要求考生具备词汇、 句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识，而且要有辨证、 综合、分析、

5、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力，是阅读的深层理解，也是阅读的核心和关键。3.题材新颖，具有浓厚的时代气息和较高的真实性，与学生的学习经历和生活经历相适应，与新课程理念下的高考改革走向相适应，与高中英语教学实际相适应，遵循了英语 课程标准的评价理念，保证了试题的效度、信度、真实性和公平性原则。附：近三年新课标全国卷高考七选五实况分析：年份卷别体裁题材话题2017 年全国卷夹叙夹议社会生活作者爱上了露营，建议读者找文 a到适合自己的回归自然的方式全国卷 II说明文社会生活几点避免工作时被打扰的建议全国卷 III说明文社会生活如何帮助人们制订一个计划 去调节生物钟，确保起床不再是一件令人头疼的事7I,201

6、6 年全国卷 1说明文文化科技密码的设置方法和破解的方if法全国卷 II说明文社会生活自己建设花园的具体建议全国卷 III说明文社会生活买鱼和烧鱼的常识2015 年全国卷 1说明文人际关系重新建立人际关系中的信任全国卷 II说明文社会生活马拉松的准备工作3Passage 1 （2017 新课标卷 I ）If anyone had told methree years ago that I would be spending most of myweekends camping, I would havelaughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were pe

7、ople who enjoyed in sect bites, ill-cooked meals, and un comfortablesleep ing bags. They had nothingin common with me. 36The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.37 We slept i n a tent, cooked over an ope n fire, and walked a long dista nee totake the shower and

8、 use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost metwo days off from work, recoveri ngfrom a bad case of sun bur n and the doctor s billfor my son s food poisoning.I was, n evertheless, talked into going on ano ther fun-filled holiday in thewilder ness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper

9、with comfortable beds and anairconditioner.My nature-lovingfriends had remembered to bring all then ecessities of life.39We have done a lot of it si nee. Recen tly, we bought a twe nty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with abathroom and a built-i n TV set. There is a separatebedroom, a modern kitc

10、hen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curta ins.40It must be true that sooner or later, every one finds his or her wayback to n ature. I recomme nd that you find your way in style.A. Thistimetherewas noten t.B. Thi ngsaregoi ngtobeimproved.C. The tripthey tookme on was a

11、roughone.D. I wastolear nalotabout camp ing sincethe n,however.E. I mustsay thatIhavecerta in lycome to enjoycamp ing.F. After the trip, my family became quite in terested in camp ing.G. There was no shade as the trees were no more tha n 3 feet tall.【文童大意】三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次需营的经 历，作者和

12、他的家人幵始爱上了露营，甚至为需营购买了设备齐全的房车。作者认为霞营是回0扶自然的个方式,4也建议读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式。36. D【解析】根据前文可知三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营，暗示此处作者对待露营的情感态度应该出现转变。D 选项中的 however 表示转折。且 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spe nding most of亠.t, | “,myweeke nds campi ng 暗示作者态度的转变就在三年前，D 选项中的 si nee the n 自从那时候起”和前文时

13、间吻合。故选Db37. C【解析】根据后文 We slept in a tent, cooked over an ope n fire, and walked along dista nee to take the shower and use the bathroom可知作者第一次露营的条件很艰苦， C 选项 The trip they took me on was a rough one.中的 rough暗示了这一点，符合语境。故选CoA .38. A【解析】根据上段中 We slept in a tent, cooked over an ope n fire, and walked-Aa

14、 long dista nee to take the shower and use the bathroom可知作者第一次露I f营时住帐篷，露天生火做饭，走很远的距离去洗澡、上厕所，条件很艰苦，而后文中 In stead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air Z上con diti on er.说明作者第二次露营有床有空调。A 选项 This time there was notent “这次没有帐篷了”暗示作者进行了第二次露营，而且条件比较好，符合语境。故选 Ao/39. F【解析】根据后文 we bought a

15、 twe nty-eight-foot travel trailer complete witha bathroom and a built-i n TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a moder nkitche n with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matchi ng carpet andcurta in s.可知作者一家为了露营买了房车，里面设备齐全，说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。 F 选项 After the trip, my family became quite interested incam

16、ping（那次露营之后，我的家人开始对露营感兴趣）符合语境，故选 F。40. E【解析】根擔后文It muft be （rue that sconet or later, everymw finds血or hei way back to nature I recominendthat you find yout way in羽1已可知作者希望毎个人能找到适合自己的回归自然的方法 而根据前文可細乍者回归自然的方式就是需营。E选项I naurt say that I have ccilaixly come to enjoy海pi隅我必须得承认我真的开始享受肅营） 既是对文童第一段中作者态度转变的一

17、个总结,也很 好地衔接了后文。故SEOPassage 2 （2017 新课标卷 II ）5Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you re tryingto get work done. 36 ,there are several ways to handle things.Let s takea look at them now.37_.Tell the person you re sorry and explain that you have a millionthings to do and then

18、ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to in terrupt you, have set hours pla nned and let them knowto come back during that time or that you ll find them then. 38 .Itcan helpto elim in ate（ 消除）future in terrupti ons.When you n eed to some one, don t do it in your own offi

19、ce.39 ,it smuch easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work tha n if you try to get some oneout of your space even after expla ining how busy you areIf you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40. If someone_knocks and it s not an important matter . Excuse yourself and let the per

20、son knowyou re busy so they can get the hint（暗示 ）than when the door is closed,you renot to be disturbed.A. If you re busy, don t feel bad about saying noB. When you want to avoid in terruptio ns at workC. Set boun daries for yourself as your time goesD. If you re in the other person s office or in a

21、 public areaE. It s important that you let them know when you ll be availableF. It might seem unkind to cut people shirt whe n they in terrupt youG. Leave it open when you re available to talk and close it when you re not【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。为避免工作被打断是一件令人感觉很糟糕的事，文章 提出了几点建议，防止此类事件的发生。36 B【解析】Igig there ar

22、e several ways to handle things；可知T文是关于几种防止在工作中被别人打断的方法,此句与前半句构成一个艇的句子，根摇语境分析它故选咲37. A【解析】 根据后文Tell the person you re sorry and explain that you have amillionthings to do and then ask if the of you can talk at a different time ”6可知，学会在自己很忙的时候去拒绝别人。故选Ao38. E【解析】 根据横线前have set hours planned and let th

23、em know to come back duringthat time or that you ll find them then”安排好时间，让他们知道你在什么时候回来，或者告诉他们，你会去找他们，再结合后文It can help to eliminate（消除）future in terrupti ons” 可知选E。39. D【解析】 根据后文it smuch easeier to excuse yourself to get back to yourwork tha n if you try to get some one out of your space even after e

24、xpla ininghow busy you are ，此句中 it 指代前文don t do it in your own office.”，也就是说此段中作者认为比起在自己的办公室解释，不在自己的办公室更容易点。故选 D。40. G 【解析】根据 “ If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.” 可知，此段主要是讲述关于如何利用自己办公室的门来防止被打扰。故选GPassage 3 （ 2017 新课标卷山）Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and pu

25、t the blame on thealarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock.-YA I36_Here s how to make one.37In order to make a change, you need to decide why it s important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be

26、 better prepared for yourday? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the cha nge you want to make.Reth ink mornin gs. Now that you know why you want to wake up, con siderre-arrangingyour morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with yourfamily, save

27、some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags.38_That s a quarter -hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee makerwith a timer. Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weeke nds. If you ni ght,sleep ing in on Saturday could sound won derful. But compe nsat ing on theweeke

28、nds actuallyfeeds into your sleep in ess the follow ingweek, a recent study found.39 Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and writere tired out by Friday7down how you feel. After you ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at yourrecord. 40 If not, take another look

29、 at other methods you could try.A. Get a sleep specialist.B. Find the right motivation.C. A better pla n for sleep can help.D. And con sider sett ing a sec ond alarm.E. If the steps you take are work ing, keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G. Recon sider the

30、15 minu tes you spe nd in line at the cafe to get coffee.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何帮助人们制订一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不再是一件令人头疼的事。see【解析】根据后句中的关键词QW可叹判断出，根16空前及空后的内容可知，空处应为解决方法，再 结合所给选项可知只有C选项符合语境37. B【解析】本段內容是建议人们要先确定为什么要早起，弄淆早起的目的是什么也就是早起的动机是什么。因此B项可以概括本段的中心。38. G【解析】根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约15 分钟的喝咖啡时间，能够多

31、睡15 分钟，文中的 a quarter-hour和选项中的 15minutes 相呼应，是信息提示词。故选G。39. F【解析】根据段落的中心句可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断出 Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day符合语境。故选 F。40. E【解析】后句建议人们如果这样做没作用就尝试新办法，由此推断出该空与If not对应，即如果有效果的话如何去做。故选E。Passage 4 （2017 北京卷）Every ani mal sleeps, but the reas on for

32、 this has rema ined foggy.Whe nlab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die with in a mon th. 71One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We knowwhile awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing（力口强）connectionsthat,8betweenbrain cells, but the memory processes that take place w

33、hile we sleep have bee n un clear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons（ 神经元 ）in the brain canbe weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the n ext day.73Now we have the most direct evidenee yet that he is right. 74 ThesynapsesIin th

34、e mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those take n before sleep, show ing thatthe connections betwee n neurons weake n while sleep ing.If Tononi s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights, we find it harder the n ext day to concen trate and le

35、ar n new in formatio n ourbrains may have smaller room for new experie nces.Their research also suggests how we may build lasti ng memories over time eve nthough the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed thesame size. 75You keep what matters,

36、 Tononisays.A. We should also try to sleep well the ni ght before.B. It s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. IC. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains beco ming loaded with memories.E. That s wh

37、y students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.T|lF.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developedthe idea.G. Tononi s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in thebrains of 12 mice.【文章大意】本文讲述了睡眠的重要性。71.C【解析】根据前一句When lab ra

38、te are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month老鼠如果不睡觉，一个月它们就死了，同样，人几天不睡扯也会生病人和动物匹配，怒口生病形成对比，故迭72T解析】根振前一句提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记匕所以学生在学习新知识后育机会睡一觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后逻辑关系很顺畅，因果联系，故选氏73. F【解析】根据下文中的he,可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论故选F。974. G【解析】根据下文中提到的关键词syn apses in the mice可知，他肯定做了老鼠的实验，答案为 Go75. B【解析】根据后一句提到的 Yo

39、u keep what matters,你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，故选 Bo模拟精做Passage1（陕西省西安市 2017 届高三下学期模拟）How to Make Pla nsMost people get scared whe n talk ing about pla nning or writi ng pla ns. 1_And you n eed to pla n for success as pla nning really works and in spires you to gostraight ahead. However, how to creat

40、e effective plans is still a problem. Don tworry, and just follow the steps below.Step 12_What plans have you had in the past? Probably, in someof your plans, you haven ten ded up where you thought you were going to end up. Get a good un dersta nding ofwhat you have done and what you haven t done in

41、 the past. It is a primary foundationfor your new pla n. If havi ng no pla n, just take acti ons and make pla ns right now.Step 2 Think about the What - IfsWhen you are buildi ng your pla ns, you should con sider where you are going andmake clear the What -Ifs. Because not everything just goes smoot

42、hly as you believe.3Step 3 Docume nt the pla nsWhen start ing to make pla ns, you should try to write them dow n. It is ofkey importanee for the future. 4 In addition, make sure you have theplans fully written out with all the key elements concerned, including details.Step 4 Update the pla nsAccordi

43、ngto your writtenplans and actual situation,you should check out theplans you have completed and haven t completed.5 Make sure all theassumpti ons are there and work out the details. After hanging on for some days,10planning will be getting simpler and easier.A. Review historical pla nsB. Make new p

44、la ns immediatelyC. Actually, people are more likely to succeed in a pla nned wayD. And you need to continue what you haven t done and update itE. Not all people can memorize every word they said and thought wellF. And what you should do n ext is to check your pla ns mon thly or quarterlyG. For your

45、 ben efits, you n eed to make Pla n A and Pla n Bin case of cha nges andA contingencies（偶发事件）.【语篇解读】本文就如何制定计划提出了一些建议。1. C【解析】根据后一句 And you need to plan for success（你需要制定计划来获得成/ 功）可知，计划和成功之间的关系，而 C 项正好有这两个关键词，人们以有计划的方式行事就更有可能成功，故选C 项。2. A【解析】根据本段第一句 What pla ns have you had in the past?问过去的计划，故本段的标题是

46、关于过去的计划，A 项有关键词：historical plans，故答案为 A。3. G【解析】 根据空格前一句Because not everything just goes smoothly as you believe（并不是每件事都如你想的那样顺利），因此为了防止意外事件的发生，得多制定几个计划，正如 G 项中的 Plan A and Plan B ， G 项意思与前一句衔接紧密，故选G4-E【解析】根IB前一句you should try to write them down（要把计划写下来片因対不罡所有人都能记住 他们说的每句话和每个想法，前后因果关系衔接紧密，故选5.D解析根据前

47、一句you should check our the plans you have completed and havent completed （你得查看你已经完成的和还没有完成的）所汉对于没有完成的，接下来就是要继续去做，正好D项意思符合 此故选D。Passage2（2017 届河北衡水中学高三七调）Theme park getaways are popular with families, but they surely aren t cheap. Happily, there are somegoldenrules of ticket-buying that apply to pret

48、ty much every theme park, and they can help you chip away at the cost of tickets.1_11Buy tickets online.Never ever pay the walk-up ticket price at a theme park. 2.You reguaranteed to save a significant sum-sometimes as much as $ 20 per ticket-even for same-day tickets.Buy in adva nee.3_.For instanee

49、, Knott s Berry Farm in Buena Park, California,slices off $25 per ticket whe n you make your purchase at least three days ahead.4.This one is a universal no-brainer. Single-day ticket prices at Cedar Point in San dusky, Ohio, are about 30 percent less tha n admissi on on Saturdays and Sun days. But

50、the big bonus is that lines will be much shorter, allow ing youto spe nd less time waiting in lines and more time having fun.Go in the afternoo n.5_ .For example, Hershey park s sun set tickets allow entry after 4pm or 5 pm, depending on the day. You ll still get between four to six hours offun befo

51、re the park closes, and you ll pay up to 50 percent less than the full-day ticket price.A. Avoid weeke nds.B. Buy more tickets tha n you n eed.C. Here are some ways to lower your theme park spe nding.D. At larger parks, you ll save money when you buy a package.E. In stead,visit the theme park websit

52、e and print out your tickets before yougo.F.Some parks offer deeply discounted tickets for visitors arriving later in the day.312免周末去，选A【解析】根据本段标题Go in the afternoon.可知下午去会更便宜，故F 项符合此段大意。Passage3（ 2017 届河南豫南九校高三下期质量考评）You may have grown up livingwith sisters and brothers, or this may be your firstti

53、me shari ng your liv ing space with some one else. 1. However, it can alsoA be a great part of your college experience. Follow these tips to make sure you andyour roommate keep thi ngs pleasa nt and supportive throughout the year.Be clear from the begi nning.Maybe you hate it whensomeone interruptsy

54、ou when you are sleeping every morning.Maybe you n eed ten minu tes to yourself before talk ing to anyone after you wake up.2_ t s not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right com muni cati ng whatyou n eed is one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they become problems.This may

55、 seem simple, but it s probably one of the biggest reasons why roommatesexperienee conflicts. Don t you think he ll mind if you borrow his shoes for aquick soccer game? For all you know, you just stepped over the line.Don t borrow, use, or take anythingwithout getting permission first.G. Most theme

56、parks offer a price cut if you buy tickets at least a few daysbefore you arrive.【语篇解读】 本文主要是介绍了一些购买主题公园门票的建议。【解析】根据前文中提到的购买门票there are some golden rules of tiGket-buying,以及下文的一些建议可知，C选项非常符合此空。2.E【解析】 根据前一句Never ever pay the walk-up ticket price at a theme park.可知不要去现场买，因此后文是建议去网站买，符合题意，选E。3.G【解析】根据此

57、段标题Buy in advanee.是提前买，故 G 项符合提前买票的意思，为正确答案。4.A【解析】根据本段前两句This one is a un iversal n o-brai ner. Sin gle-day ticketprices at Cedar Point in San dusky, Ohio, are about 30 perce nt less tha nadmissi on on Saturdays and Sundays.可知工乍日很明显比周末更便宜，所以要避5.Faway, and13Be ope n to cha nge.You should expect to l

58、earn and grow and change during your time at school.4.As the term progresses, realize things will cha nge for both of you. Becomfortablesettingthings that unexpectedly come up, setting new rules, and beingflexible to your cha nging environment.Follow the golde n rule.5No matter what your relati on s

59、hip is at the end of the year, you cantake comfort knowing you acted like an adult and treated your roommate with respect.A. Respect your roommate s thingsB. Let your roommate know about your prefere ncesC. Treat your roommate like you d like to be treatedD. Livi ng with a roommate is really a won d

60、erful thingE. Having a roommate surely has its challe ngesF. You should correct your bad habits firstG. And the same should happe n to your roommate, if all goes well【语篇解读】本文主要讲述跟室友相处应该注意的几件事，因为大学时期拥有室友和与室友相处是大部分人都会经历的一件事，不管愿意还是不愿意，我们都应该抱有一个良好的态度去对待大学的寝室生活，与室友友好相处。1.E【解析】根jg it can also be a great part