2017年高考英语(四海八荒易错集)专题11定语从句

1、专题 11 定语从句MtK步翻W】1. Jane paused in front of a countersome attractive ties were on display.解析 考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为a cou nter，在从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where。答案 where2. He desired to follow that girl， but Ionged for the womanspirit had trulycompa nioned and supported him.解析 考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词是the woman，定语从句中名词 sp

2、irit缺少定语，故要用 whose。答案 whose3. Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.解析考查限制性定语从句的引导词.habit是先行词，圖lich或that引导的是走语从句，并且在从句 中作主语，不能省略。答案 that/which4. Nicks guests，had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy saltmore cheaply if they could.解析 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为Nicks guests，指人，

3、且在从句中做主语，故要用wh0。非限制性定语从句中不可用that 引导。答案 who5. However there are timesurgent things are most important as well， for example ，helping a crying baby in the kitchen due to the fire stove.解析 考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为times，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词 whee答案 whe n26. The people of Chu mourned Qus death threw rice into the ri

4、ver to feed his ghostevery year on the day of his death.解析 考查限制性定语从句。先行词是The people of Chu，在从句中作主语，故用who/that。答案 who/that7. Bicycles are held to the same sta ndards as motor vehicles in most casesthat cyclists must obey all the traffic rules, and also have the right to get damages in theaccide nts.解

5、析 考查非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句中作主语，指物要用which。答案 which8. After that ，well be moving on to Tanzania， were going to climb Mount Kilimanjaro.解析 考查非限制性定语从句。之后我们将继续到坦桑尼亚，在那里我们要爬乞力马扎罗山。先行词为 Tanzania，在定语从句中作地点状语，故要用where 引导。答案 where9. Once upon a time there was a rich mercha nt had 4 wives.解析 考查限制性定语从句。先行词为a rich me

6、rcha nt，在定语从句中作主语，故答案为who/that答案 who/that10. In the following years， there were fewer drop outs and more college graduates in myvillage , I am proud of even today.解析考查非限制性定语从句#从句中缺少宾语，指代上句内容，故用Wcho答案 whichMM1易错起源 1、正确区分关系代词与关系副词的用法例 1. It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have d

7、one 100 yearsago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.解析 句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方，它看起来和一百年前一模一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小 屋。which 代替先行词 place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。答案 whichmeans3【名师点睛】1. 定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用，修饰名词或代词2. 定语从句的引导词的三种功用:（1）引导定语从句（2）替代先行词（3）在定语从句中充当一定的成分。3. 解题要领：根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，决不要因先行词

8、是时间名词就用 When 是地点名词就用 Where。4.当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以用关系代词which，也可以用关系代词 that ,但在下列情况下,只能使用关系代词 thato(1)当先行词是不定代词 all , much, little , someting , everything , anything , nothing the one 时。例如：Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?You should hand in all that you have.当先行词前面有 only , any, few,

9、little, no, all , very 等词修饰时。例如：This is the very book that I m looking f or.The only thing that we can do is to give you some mon ey.(3) 当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。例如：This is the best that has hee n wsed aga inst polluti on.This is the most interesting film that I ve ever seen.(4) 当先行词是序数词或它前有一个序数词

10、时，例如This train is the last that will go to Huan gzhou.What is the first An erica n film that you have see n?(5) 当先行词既人又有物时，例如：Do you know the things and pers ons that they are talk ing about?(6) 当主句的主语是疑句词who 或 which 时。例如：Which is the bike that you lost?who is the boy that won the gold medal?none,4【

11、锦囊妙计，战胜自我】有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词正用which，另外一个空用 that。例如：They secretly buit up a small factory which produced things that could cause polluti on.易错起源 2、对介词后接关系代词的考查例 2、Lily took a few friends to my birthday party, none of_ I was familiar with.A. whichB. whoseC. thatD. whom解析 本題的关键是找准先行词a few friends,在定语从句中

12、使用v. hom指代先行词，并作为介词of的 宾语owhich的先行i司不能是人；血梵不能放在介i司的后面，皿丸在定语从句中做定语，后面要有名 词占句意：L心带了一些朋友来参加我的生日聚会，他们中我一个也不熟悉，故D正确。答案 D【名师点睛】“介词+关系代词”引导的定词从句是定词从句中较复杂的一种，一般多用于上式文件中。此类定语从句的关系代词主要有 which， whom，whose。它们既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。学习这种定语从句时主注意以下几种情况：一、 注意介词的先取。在“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选取应根据以下几点：1. 根据介词和定语从句中谓语动

13、词的习惯搭配。例如：Who is the man with whom you just shook hands?_The Two thi ngs about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.2. 根据定语从句意思的需要，此时前后搭配都要注意。例如：He had a bad cold,because of which he did nt atte nd the meeti ng.The speed at which the car runs depe nds on the road con

14、diti on.3. 根据意思可用复杂介词，如by meansof，asa result of ， in front of ，in the back of ， a11 Of,most of 等，例如:The in strume nt by means of which the temperature is measured is called thermometer.There are forty students in the clas sroom, all of whom ae working hard at a problemin maths.5二、 注意关系代词的选取。在“介词+关系代

15、词”引导的空语从句中，如果，关系代词指事物就用which;如果指人则用 whom 若表示“”的则用 whose.例如：This is the classroom in whichwe studided last yearHe lives in a house, whose door ope ns to the n n orth.【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】注意“介词 + where”引导的定语从句。有时有阅读过程中我们会碰到“介词+ where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词+which ”弓 I 导的定语从句从意义上加以区别。例如：They stood on the top of the buil

16、di ng, from where they could see the whole city. （ from where相当于）from the top of the building,而不是 from the building）易错起源 3、关系代词 as 的用法6is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just oneyear.解析 句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17% as 引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正如，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。答案 as【名师点睛】关系代词 as 既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性性定语从

17、句，as 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。1.as 引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于下列句式：such 名词 as.像.之类the same 亠名词 亠 as. 和.同样的其中关系代词 as 在从句中可担当主语、宾语或表语。例如：We have found such materials as are used in their factory.（作主语）Such people as you describle are thought to be fools nowadys.（作宾语）He is not the same man as he was.（作表语）（2）.su ch as .这里 such

18、 为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as 在从句中担任成分，修饰先行词such。例如：He turned out to be very successful,which was more tha n we could expect.As is known to all, Edis on inven ted the telepho ne.【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】as 引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主语之后。相同的是两者都可代指主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。例如：He turned out to be ve

19、ry successful,which was more tha n we could expect.As is known to all, Edis on inven ted the teleph one.【易错练兵I虚關险】1. Creat ing an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challe nge.例 3.The7解析句意：创造一种快员工感到自己是团队一剖分的氛围是一大挑战。先行词为an atmosphere,在从句中作地点状语，此处mwhich相当址作介词宾语不可用th弧答案 which2. He wro

20、te many childre ns books, n early half ofwere published in the 1990s.解析 句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接近一半是在20 世纪 90 年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词whic h 代指前面的 books，作介词 of 的宾语。答案 which3. The books on the desk ， covers are shiny，are prizes for us.解析 考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先

21、行词为the books，和 covers 之间是所有关系，故用whose。答案 whose4. Some experts think readi ng is the fun dame ntal skill uponschool education depe nds.解析 句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。考查定语从句。depend on/upon 依靠，依赖，介词后只能用 which 或 whom 来构成定语从句的引导词，先行词为物，故用which。答案 which5.China Todayattracts a worldwide readership， shows that

22、 more and more people allover the world want to lear n about Chi na.解析 句意：中国日报吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前 面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which 来引导。答案 which6. The exact yearAngela and her family spent together in China was 2008.解析 考查定语从句匚句意:Angela和她的家人一起呆在中国的那一年是2008年。先行词the exact year在走语从句中作召皿的臺语且指物，故用貢hiuh也

23、可用that或省略。答案 which/that/ 不填7.1 borrowed the bookSherlock Holmesfrom the library last week， my classmates8recomme nded to me.解析 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上个星期，我从图书馆借了同学给我推荐的大侦探福尔摩斯。先行词 the book 在定语从句中作 recommend 的宾语，所以要用关系代词，先行词是物，故用which。答案 which8.A companyprofits from home markets are declining may seek opport

24、unities abroad.解析考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose 作定语。答案 whose9. Well reach the sales targets in a monthwe set at the begi nning of the year.解析考查定语从句。句意：一个月之后我们就能完成年初制定的销售目标。先行词targets 在从句中作 set 的宾语，故要用关系代词which。答案 which10. PIease send us all the in formatio n youhave about the can di

25、d ate for the positi on.解析考查定语从句。句意：请把所有有关这个职位候选人的信息发给我们。先行词in formati on 在定语从句中充当 have 的宾语，前面又有 all 来修饰，故只能用 that，不用 which。答案 that11. The lazy boy is expect ing a way in he c _ get through the exams without hardwork.解析考查限制性定语从句。那个懒惰的孩子正在期盼有一种能让他不付出努力就能通过考试的方法。 虽然先行词为way，但前面有介词 in，只能用关系代词 which。答案 w

26、hich12. The boss company I worked in two years ago has much experienee in solving suchkind of problem.解析 考查限制性定语从句。两年前我工作的那个公司的老板在解决类似弦种问题方面很有经脸先 行词是the boss company与the boss是所属关系，故用v.hose作companv的定语9答案 whose13. So I decided to leave home for New York， I might have a better cha nee to finda good job.解析 考查非限制性定语从句。我决定到纽约去，在那里我可能会有机会找到更好的工作。先行词是New York，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where 引导。答案 where14. Third ，we may fall behind others ， makes us stressed.解析考查非限制性定语从句。由前面的句子和逗号判断此处是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，而且是指代前面句子内容，所以用which。答案 which15. All of a sudde n , her han dicap was gone a