新人教版八下Unit8--现在完成时语法

1、Unit 8Have you read Treasure Island yet?（语法一）（语法一）现在完成时：现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。动作或保存的状态。结构：结构： 主语主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词一般疑问句一般疑问句： have / has ? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasnt. 1. 现在完成时动词构成现在

2、完成时动词构成have /has + v 过去分词过去分词助动词助动词否定否定haventhasnt疑问疑问Have you?Has he?常与下列时间状语连用：常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,ever, never, before, several times, how long, so far, recently, for+时间段时间段 since+（时间点，（时间点，或过去时态从句）或过去时态从句）（1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和和already，never, ever, just, before , ye

3、t等状语连用。等状语连用。-Would you like something to eat now for breakfast?-No, thanks. I have just(刚刚刚刚) eaten my breakfast.(影响和结果：已经吃过了，现在我不饿影响和结果：已经吃过了，现在我不饿) nowPast（过去）（过去）.-Will you go to the movies with me tonight?-Which movie?-Hero.（英雄）（英雄）-Oh, I have seen it twice(对现在的影响：已看过，不再对现在的影响：已看过，不再去去)3.I cant

4、 buy that book (影响和结果影响和结果)because I have already run out of my money.4 -Whats the matter ,Linda?-I cant find my letter, could you help me?-Letter? oh , Your sister has already helped you to post it.(影响和结果是找不着信了影响和结果是找不着信了)5. Sorry , Tom, I cant play with you ,（影响和结果影响和结果） I havent finished my homew

5、ork yet(尚未尚未).对比对比(1) I ate my breakfast.(我吃过早饭了我吃过早饭了) (2)I saw this movie twice ( 这部电影我看过这部电影我看过两次两次 )(3)I ran out of my money.（我把钱花光了）（我把钱花光了）(4)Your sister helped you to post it.(你姐姐帮你姐姐帮忙寄出去了忙寄出去了)(5) I didnt finish my homework( 我没有完成我没有完成作业作业 ).思考：一般过去时和现在完成时态的区别思考：一般过去时和现在完成时态的区别111现在完成时态的现在完

6、成时态的关键词关键词用法及区别用法及区别（一）（一）already 和和 yet 这两个副词常常用于完成时态这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中其中already常用于常用于肯定句肯定句, 位置放在助动词位置放在助动词have/ has之后。翻译为之后。翻译为已经已经yet常用于常用于否定句否定句和和疑问句疑问句中，中，在否定句中翻译为在否定句中翻译为“尚未，还没有尚未，还没有”在疑问句中常翻译为在疑问句中常翻译为仍然仍然，还，已经，还，已经如如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。已经把他的工作做完了。 Mother hasnt

7、come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。妈妈还没回来。 Have you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你已经读过你已经读过野性的呼唤野性的呼唤吗？吗？一、一、 用用“already, / yet”来填空来填空1 Have you watered the flowers_?2 So far(到目前为止到目前为止) We have_ planted 3oo trees.3 Tom hasnt been to(去过去过) that city_4 Susan, have you packed （打包）打包）your bag_?-Yes, Mom, I have d

8、one that_.5 Wow, have you already climbed up that tall tree? I cant believe my eyes. (特例：特例：already 用于疑问句中，表示非常用于疑问句中，表示非常惊讶，惊奇惊讶，惊奇)二、二、 请完成课本请完成课本60页的页的4a现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。对现在造成的影响或结果。如：如：Have you read that story？你读过那个故你读过那个故事吗？（事吗？（“读读”这一动作发生在过去，对现这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影

9、响是：是否知道故事的内容。）在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。） I have bought two apples 我买了两个苹果。我买了两个苹果。 （“买买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）的结果是：拥有两个苹果。） （二）二） ever,和和neverever ，“曾经，用在肯定句或疑问句中曾经，用在肯定句或疑问句中”1. He has ever been my coach.( 教练教练)2. Have you ever helped those homeless people?never，“从未，从来没有，用在肯定句中从未，从来没有

10、，用在肯定句中”3. I have never been to shanghai.4. She has never borrowed money from others.(三三) just和和before5. just, “刚刚，用在肯定句中，助动词后刚刚，用在肯定句中，助动词后”: They have just finished that job.6 before, “以前，用在肯，否，疑问句中皆可，放在助动词后以前，用在肯，否，疑问句中皆可，放在助动词后”I have climbed Mountain Tai before（以前）（以前）. 现在完成时和一般过去的区别现在完成时和一般过去的

11、区别现在完成时与一般过去时现在完成时与一般过去时 的区别举例如下：的区别举例如下： 1. I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。我已经打扫过我的房间了。(强调现在的结果强调现在的结果) I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。（只说明上周做了这我上周打扫了我的房间。（只说明上周做了这件事，与现在无件事，与现在无关）关）2. I have lived in Ning yang for 20years(我在宁阳已经住了我在宁阳已经

12、住了20年了，年了，现在现在还在住着还在住着)I lived in Ningyang 20years ago.（我（我20年前在宁阳住过，只强调年前在宁阳住过，只强调20年前的事情，与现在年前的事情，与现在无关）无关）说明：现在完成时态指发生在过去的动作强调对现在造说明：现在完成时态指发生在过去的动作强调对现在造成的影响和结果；而成的影响和结果；而 一般过去式只强调过去，与现在无一般过去式只强调过去，与现在无关。关。注意注意: 两种时态中所使用的时间状语不一样两种时态中所使用的时间状语不一样(如如: yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, ju

13、st now,(刚才刚才) when she came in 等等)过去时态过去时态(如如: already, yet, ever, never, just ,before, once, twice, recently, lately,（近来）（近来）since,自从自从how long how many times,多少次多少次so far目前为止等目前为止等)-用于现在完成时态用于现在完成时态两大时态对比练习题两大时态对比练习题1 _you washed your fathers car yet? -Yes, I_.A Do ,do B Did, did C Have, have He _

14、reading that book last night. A finishes B finished C has finished 3 Lucy, _you _the plants?-Yes, Mom. I have.-When_ you _them?-Yesterday afternoon.A .have watered, did water B .did water, did water C .have watered, have watered4.见综训见综训91页页“精题演练精题演练1-2”和综训和综训92页巩固训页巩固训练的第二大题；练的第二大题；六大时态小结六大时态小结同学们，截

15、止到目前为止，我们一共学习了六大时态他们是：同学们，截止到目前为止，我们一共学习了六大时态他们是：一般。，一般。，一般。，一般。，一般。，一般。， 现在进行，过去进行，现在进行，过去进行，现在完成（现在完成（请背会六大时态名称请背会六大时态名称）当遇到有关各种时态夹杂在一起的练习题时，一定要小心谨慎，当遇到有关各种时态夹杂在一起的练习题时，一定要小心谨慎，做题方法是：找关键词做题方法是：找关键词选择敲定时态名称选择敲定时态名称-联系构成和句联系构成和句型型-最后看一下主语再根据翻译来判定。最后看一下主语再根据翻译来判定。（一句话简单总结为：找字眼，选时态，想构成，看主语）（一句话简单总结为：找

16、字眼，选时态，想构成，看主语）即时训练题：即时训练题： 请看课本的请看课本的60页页完成完成 4b 完成配套完成配套 第第44页的第页的第 II 大题。大题。 争取做对呀！争取做对呀！Unit 8Have you read Treasure Island yet?语法（二）语法（二）定义二：定义二：. 现在完成时态还可以表示过去已经开始的动作现在完成时态还可以表示过去已经开始的动作 一直一直持续持续到现在，到现在，甚至有可能继续延续下去。到现在，到现在，甚至有可能继续延续下去。我们可以从以下两个方面进一步学习现在完成时态：我们可以从以下两个方面进一步学习现在完成时态：一是：一是： “时间点段的

17、区分时间点段的区分”二是二是“动作延续的特性动作延续的特性”时间点段的区分时间点段的区分：主要掌握两个关键词：主要掌握两个关键词“for , since ”1. 区别：区别：“ “forfor” ”+ +时间时间段段如如: for two days; for three years; for ten minutes; for six months; for a long time1) I have studied English for three months. 2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 3) He has waited for

18、you for about an hour. 2. since:自从自从; 自自以来，后接三种形式以来，后接三种形式( 1).since+表示表示过去时间点过去时间点的词语的词语Since last night; since this morning; since last October; since seven oclock yesterday morning；since 1998( 2).since+ 时间段时间段+ ago 翻译为：自从翻译为：自从前前Since two days ago; since five years ago; since 20 minutes ago ( 3).

19、since+表示表示过去时间的从句过去时间的从句: since I lived/came here：自从我来到、住到这儿：自从我来到、住到这儿forsinceHe has lived here_ ten years ago.选择选择for或或since填空：填空： I have been here _five months ago.2. He has been a soldier _ about two months.3. Great changes have taken place _ you left.4. His grandpa has been dead _ ten years.5.

20、I have studied English _ I was 12 years old.6. It is two years _ I became a postgraduate student.sinceforsinceforsincesince二者引出的时间状语往往用二者引出的时间状语往往用 how long提问提问How long have you had this book? 这本书你买多久了这本书你买多久了?For a week./Since a week ago. 买一周了。买一周了。How long have you had that bike over there?Ive had

21、 it for three years.How long has his son owned the train and railway set?Hes owned it since his fourth birthday.Have you ever played football?Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played for a while now.Grammar Focus Unit 9 Grammar 现在完成时态（二）现在完成时态（二）(1). Have (has) been in 意为意为“已经在某地呆了已经在某地呆了多长

22、时间多长时间”，常与，常与表示一段时间的状语表示一段时间的状语连用。连用。Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。他们到加拿大有五年了。 5. have /has been in, have/has been to 与与have /has gone to 的用法的用法 (2). Have (has) been to 意为意为“曾经曾经去过去过某地某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。已经

23、回来；表示现在已经不在那里了。已经回来； 可与可与 just, ever, never 等连用。等连用。如：如：Ive just been to the post office. 我刚才我刚才去过去过邮局了。（已回）邮局了。（已回） Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经你曾经去过去过杭州吗？（已回）杭州吗？（已回） Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽玛丽从未去过从未去过长城。长城。 (3). Have (has) been to 后面可接后面可接次数次数， 表示去过某地几次。表示去过某地几次。如：如：Ive be

24、en to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。我去过北京三次。 They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。他们去过那个村庄好几次了。(4). Have (has) gone to 意为意为“到某地到某地去了去了”，表示，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。不用第一、二人称代词作主语。如如: Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？汤姆在哪里？ He has gone to the bo

25、okshop. 他到书店他到书店去了去了。例如：例如：He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港他到香港去了去了。(他已前往香港他已前往香港, 或在途中或在途中, 或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场)对比：对比：He has been to Hong Kong. 他他去过去过香港。香港。(说话人认为他到过香港说话人认为他到过香港, 言外之意对香港了解言外之意对香港了解)对应训练题：综训第对应训练题：综训第104页和页和106页的三题。页的三题。练习题练习题1 Wheres Tom?He _ the library. A has gone B

26、have gone to C has gone to2 How many times have you ever _ Dalian? A gone to B been to C been 3 Mountain Tai is so beautiful, but I have never _ before. A been B been to C gone D gone to4 My father is busy every day. These days he_ Japan and he _Japan many times.A has gone to , has gone to B bas gon

27、e to ,has been to,C has been to, bas gone to D has been to, has been to练习题练习题: Its a long time since we _ (meet) last, isnt it? 2. -I know you _ (choose) a picture book among these. -Yes, Have a look at it, please. 3. So far, spaceships without people _ (reach) the moon and some other parts of the u

28、niverse. 4. My father_ home for nearly three weeks.A. has gone away from B. has leftC. has been away from D. went away 5. Mr. and Mrs. Green have_ in China for a week. A. been B. got C. arrived D. reached methave chosenhave reachedCA Unit 10 Grammar 现在完成时态（二）现在完成时态（二）二二. 动作延续的特性动作延续的特性3. 在英语中，有些动词本身

29、就是延续性的动词，如：在英语中，有些动词本身就是延续性的动词，如：Wait; read; study; sleep; play; live; have; stay他们可以与他们可以与”for+时间段，时间段， since +时间点时间点”或或过去的从句连用，也可以用过去的从句连用，也可以用“how long ”来提问来提问1 He has studied English for five years.2 I have lived in Shanghai since I came to China.3 How long have you stayed in New York?For ten mo

30、nths.但是，还有一些动词是非延续性的动词，还必须用于现在但是，还有一些动词是非延续性的动词，还必须用于现在完成时态中，与表示时间段或时间点的词组连用，此时，完成时态中，与表示时间段或时间点的词组连用，此时，必须把这些非延续性的动词转化为它们对应的延续性动词，必须把这些非延续性的动词转化为它们对应的延续性动词，有些不可能全记住，只能记忆一些常见，常用，常考的，有些不可能全记住，只能记忆一些常见，常用，常考的，所以，所以，下面对应的转化大家一定记下来下面对应的转化大家一定记下来！而且对比记忆改！而且对比记忆改错前后的不同。错前后的不同。4. 如如:判读下列各句的正误判读下列各句的正误I hav

31、e bought this computer since four years ago. ()I have had this computer since four years ago. ()The old man has died for 4 years. () The old man has been dead for 4 years. () He has joined the Party since 2 years ago. ()He has been in the Party since 2 years ago. ()I have borrowed the book from the

32、library for two weeks. ()I have kept the book from the library for two weeks. ()The film has begun for ten minutes. ()The film has been on for ten minutes. ()He has come here since two days ago()He has been here since two days ago ()He has left his home since two years ago()He has been away from his home since two years ago. ()The film has begun for ten minutes. ()The film has been on for ten minutes. ()How long has the supermarket opened? ()How long has the supermarket been open? ()总结：总结： “买，借单独记；买，借单独记； 其余都含其余都含been ; (1)been +adj.形容词形容词been dead; been