

下载本文档
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
1、(完整 word 版)新编语言学教程名词解释(部分重点)编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对”但是难免会有疏漏的地方”但是任然希望(完整word版)新编语言学教程名词解释(部分重点)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议 和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以 下为(完整word版)新编语言学教程名词解释(部分重点)的全部内容。(1)linguistics:(i吾 言学)the sci
2、entific or systematic study of language (2)Ianguage:(语言)a system of arbitrary vocaI symbols used for humancommunication.(3)arb i trari ness:(任意性)the abse nee of s imi lari ty bet wee n the form of aI i ngu i s tic s i g n and what it re I a tes to in rea I ity. e。g the word dog does not Iook Iike a
3、dog。(4)dua I i ty :(双重性)the way mean in gless e I eme nts of Ian guage at one I eve I (sounds a nd letters) comb i ne to f ormmea ningful units (words) at ano ther I eve Io(5)competence:(语言能力)knowI edge of the grammar of a Ianguage as a forma I abstraction and d i stinct from the behavior of actual
4、Ianguage use, i。e. performsnee.(6)performanee:(语言运用)Chomskyrs term for actual Ianguage behavior as di stinct from the knowI edgethat underI i es it, or competenceo(11)synchronic I inguistics:(共时语言学)the study of Ianguage and speech as they are used at a givenmoment and not in terms of how they have e
5、voIved over time,(12)diachronic I inguistics:(历时语言学)the study of I inguistic change over time in contrast to lookingat Ianguage as it is used at a given moment.(6)phoneme:(音位)the abstract eIement of a sound, ident ifi ed as be ing di st i net i vein a particular Ianguage.(7)phonetics(语音学):the study
6、of I inguistic speech sounds, how they areproduced, how they are percei ved, and thei r physicaI properties。(8)phono logy:(音位学)the study of the abstrac t sys tems under ly ing the soundsof Ianguage。(1)morphology:(形态学)the study of the st rue ture of words (2)morpheme:(词素)the smal les t uni t of Ian g
7、uage that car r i es me a ning or serves a grammatical function.(3)free morpheme:(自由词素)a morpheme that can stand a I one as a word。(4)bound morpheme:(黏着词素)a morpheme that can not stand a lone as a word,e。go merit (as in est ab I i shme nt), and - er (as in paint er )o(5)morph:(语素变体)the sma I lest me
8、a nin gful phonetic segments of an utt era nee on the I eve I of paroIeo(6)a I Iomorph: a phonet ic form in which a morpheme is rea I ized, e。g。 一s, -es, and en are a I I a II omorphs (in wr i ting) of the p I ura I morpheme。(1) syntax: the term used to refer to the structure of sentences and to the
9、 study of sente nee st ructure (句法学)(5)IC an a lysis: (Immedia te constituent an a lysis直接成分分析法)the approach to divide the sentenceup into its i mmed i a te constituents by us i ng bin ary cut ting unti I obtaining its ultimate constituents.(11) ideational function(概念功能):the use of Ianguage as a mea
10、ns of giving structure to our exper ieneeof the reaI or imaginary worId (12) in terpersona I functi on(人际功能):t he use of Ian guage for ma i ntainin g soc i a I roles and interactingwith others (13)textual funct ion(语篇功能):to create wr itten or spoken texts which cohere wit h i n t hemse I vesand wh i
11、 ch fi t the par ti cu I ar situation in which they are usedo(1) semantics: the study of I ingui stic meaning.语义学(14)syno nymy:(同义)the sense re I at i ons of equ i va le nee of meaning betwee nlexical itemsre。g smaI I/1ittle and dead/deceased (15)antonymy:(反义关系)the sense relat ion of var ious kinds
12、of opposing meaning between lexical i terns,e. g b i g/smaI Ifa I i ve/dead and good/bado(16)hyponymy:(上下义关系)the sense relationbetween terms in a hierarchy,where a more par ti cu I ar t erm (the hyponym) i s in c I uded i n the more genera I one (the superordi nate) : X i s a Y, e. g a beech i s a t
13、ree, a tree i s a p I ant.(17)mero nym:(整体部分关系)t he se nserela tion bet wee n body a nd it s par ts which are not only sectionsof the body but defi ned in terms of specift c functions. For examp Iefthe head i s the part of the bodywh i ch carr i es the most important sense organs, i。e. eyes, ears, n
14、ose and tongue.(1)pragma tics:(语用学)a bra nch of I in guist ics that stu dies Ian guage i n use (2)deixis:(扌旨示)the marking of the or ientation or position of entitles and s ituations with respect tocerta i n points of reference such as the pI ace (here/there) and time (now/then) of utterance。(1) soc
15、i o I in gu i s t i cs: the study of the re I a tion sh i p bet wee n Ian guage and soc i e ty, t hatis, how soc i a I factors infl uence the st ructure and use of language。(社 会语言学)(8)diglossia:(双语)a situation when twodistinet var ieties of the same language are used, side by side,for two different
16、sets of functions.(9)bi I ingual ism:(双语现象)the use of at least two languages either by anin dividual or by a group of speakers, such as the i nhab i tants of a par ti cu I arregion or a nation.(11)taboo:(禁忌)a word or expression that is prohibited by the polite society from genera I use (12)euphemi sm:(委婉语)a word or phrase that replaces a taboo word or is used to avoid referenee to certainact
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 环境保护与绿色发展对县域经济空间格局的挑战与机遇
- 高附加值产品创新对羊绒产业链升级的驱动
- 从教育政策看办公行业的未来趋势
- 大学生创业创新教育与跨境电商企业合作模式探讨
- 江苏省南京市建邺三校联合2024年化学九上期末统考模拟试题含解析
- 云南省曲靖市2025届八年级物理第一学期期末考试试题含解析
- 山东省张店区七校联考2025届化学九上期末调研试题含解析
- 2025至2030沉香木行业运营态势与投资前景调查研究报告
- 2025至2030中国自动报警系统(AWS)行业市场占有率及投资前景评估规划报告
- 2025至2030中国自动升降机行业发展分析及前景趋势与发展趋势分析与未来投资战略咨询研究报告
- 安全评价技术协议书
- 三防专项方案
- 《结直肠癌的影像诊断》课件
- 伐木合同协议书范本
- 地舒单抗治疗骨质疏松症
- 民宿托管运营合同协议
- 2025年保密教育线上培训考试试题及答案
- 系统化停车场管理方案数据分析与智能优化停车流程
- 变电运维安全管理
- 25春国家开放大学《中央银行理论与实务》形考任务1-4参考答案
- 建办质202463号危险性较大的分部分项工程专项施工方案严重缺陷清单宣贯(雄安)
评论
0/150
提交评论