英语句子成分精讲精练

1、句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？ 主语：主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首句充当它的位置一般在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.（习惯性的动作）（习惯性的动作）To see is to believe.（一次性动作）（一次性动作）They are good friends.1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will

2、 be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从

3、句是真正的主语当当不定式、动名词或从句不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用因此常用it作形式主语作形式主语置于置于句首句首，而将真正的，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。身无词义。什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语？作形式主语？谓语：谓语： 谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由，由简单动词或者动词短语构成简单动词或者动词短语构成1. They are teachers.2. Sh

4、e looks well.3. He studies hard.4. He laughed at his classmates.5. He can speak English.6. Fog gathers at the sea.7. He practices running every morning.8. We plant trees in spring every year.9. The earthquake happened last night. 10. He likes watching TV.11. She worked out this problem. 划分出下列句子的谓语：划

5、分出下列句子的谓语：1. I wont do it again. 2. The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer. 3. He seemed rather tired last night. 4. Keep quite and listen to me. 5. He looked worried. 6. I am answering your question. 划分出下列句子的谓语划分出下列句子的谓语1. Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.2. Ill go when I have h

6、ad my dinner.3. I want to help him.4. I dont know what to do.5. I dont think (that) he is right.6. I enjoy living here.宾语宾语 宾语是宾语是谓语动作的承受者谓语动作的承受者，由名词，代词，短，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起词一起说明主语做了什么说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后，在谓语之后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She lik

7、es to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.1.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to t

8、ake good care of them.( )名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语划分出下列句子中的宾语划分出下列句子中的宾语1. My parents bought me a computer 2. We all like to go to school. 3.She is playing the piano now. 4. He told me that he would go to the college the next year 5. I dont know if the

9、re will be a bus any more. 划分出下列句子中的宾语划分出下列句子中的宾语7. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 8. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 9.I dont know whom you should depend on. 定语定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语从句都可以充当定语 The black bike i

10、s mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool. Its a red car.( ) They live in the room above.( ) My brother is a teacher.( ) We belong to the third world.( ) Lucys father is

11、a poor worker.( ) Mother made a birthday cake for me.( ) The man under the tree is my teacher.( )1.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容词形容词副词副词代词代词数词数词名词所有格名词所有格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词 I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at

12、 home.( ) There are two things to be discussed today.（ ） Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（ ）9.This is the very book that I need. （ ）过去分词过去分词不定式不定式动名词动名词从句从句状语状语 状语用来状语用来修饰动词修饰动词，形容词或副词形容词或副词它它表示行为发表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，

13、也可由从句来充当也可由从句来充当He did it carefully.Without his help, we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen. He is often late for class.( ) We saw that picture at the cinema.( ) He sat there smoking.( ) They

14、returned tired and hungry. （ ） They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ） Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( ) The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副词，程度副词，程度介词短语，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目的不定式，目的形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句 He is often late for class.( ) We saw that

15、 picture at the cinema.( ) He sat there smoking.( ) They returned tired and hungry. （ ） They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ） Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( ) The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副词，程度副词，程度介词短语，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目的不定式，目的形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语

16、从句结果状语从句结果状语从句 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ） He was angry because we were late( ）9. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ) 时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句宾语补足语宾语补足语 在英语中，有些句子在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思

17、思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当在分词和过去分词充当 If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name

18、 called.形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定式表语：表语： 表语表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面I am a teacher. She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.My advice is that he should give up smoking.指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分