人教课标高一必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元复习课件

1、单单词词名名词词与天文及物理相关：与天文及物理相关：astronomy, globe, atmosphere, gravity, satellite, physicist, spaceship, pull 与生物及化学相关：与生物及化学相关：atom, carbon, dioxide, acid, oxygen, biology, biologist 其它：其它：system, religion, theory, billion, chain, puzzle, climate 单单词词动动词词multiply, exist, crash, float 形形容容词词violent, fundam

2、ental, harmful, gentle 副副词词thus介介词词unlike短短语语词词汇汇表表in time, lay eggs, give birth to, in ones turn, prevent . from, block out, cheer up, now that, break out, watch out for 课课文文in all directions, a cloud of, all sorts of, as well as, for the first time, be different from, have a chance to do sth., mak

3、e a trip, on ones journey, push sb. back into, get the hang of 句句式式1. . as +形容词形容词+ a(n) +名词名词+ as . 例句：例句：When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths.2. now that引导原因状语从句引导原因状语从句 例句：例句：“Oh, dear,” I cried, “walking does need

4、 a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”语语法法主语从句主语从句1. _ n. 系统系统; 体系体系; 制度制度2. _ n. 学说学说; 理论理论3. _ n. 大气层大气层; 气氛气氛4._ prep. 不同不同; 不像不像5._ n. 链子链子; 连锁连锁; 锁链锁链systemtheoryatmosphere unlikechain(一一) 基本单词基本单词6. _ n. 气候气候7. _ vi. & vt. 碰撞碰撞; 坠落坠落8. _ n. & vt. 拉拉(力力); 拖拖; 牵引牵引力力9. _ vi. &

5、amp; vt. (使使)浮动浮动; (使使)漂漂浮浮 n. 漂浮物漂浮物climatecrashpullfloat10. _ adj. 猛烈的猛烈的; 激烈的激烈的; 强暴的强暴的 _ n. 暴力暴力11. _ adj. 有害的有害的 _ n. 伤害伤害; 害处害处12. _ vi. 存在存在; 生存生存 _ n. 存在存在; 生存生存violentviolence(二二) 派生单词派生单词harmfulharmexistexistence13. _ n. 谜谜; 难题难题 vt. & vi.(使使)迷惑迷惑; (使使)为为难难 _ adj. 令人迷惑的令人迷惑的 _ adj. 迷惑

6、的迷惑的puzzlepuzzlingpuzzled1. 及时及时; 终于终于2. 下蛋下蛋3. 产生产生; 分娩分娩4. 轮到某人轮到某人; 接着接着5. 阻止阻止; 制止制止in timelay eggsgive birth toin ones turnprevent from6. 感到高兴感到高兴; 感到振奋感到振奋7. 既然既然8. 突发突发; 爆发爆发9. 密切注视密切注视; 当心当心; 提防提防10. 挡住挡住(光线光线) cheer upnow thatbreak outwatch out forblock out1. No one knows exactly how the ea

7、rth began, as it happened so long ago.没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始形成的没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始形成的, 因为在很早以前它就形成了。因为在很早以前它就形成了。 as引导的从句表示原因。引导的从句表示原因。2. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 随后它会变成什么没人能知道随后它会变成什么没人能知道, 直到直到38-45亿年前亿年前, 这团尘埃才慢慢

8、地形成这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。一个固体的球状物。 what引导主语从句。引导主语从句。3. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应这就产生了一系列的反应, 使得生命就有使得生命就有可能开始发展了。可能开始发展了。 make it adj./n. for sb./sth. to do sth.4. . , I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. , 我发觉我

9、被送出去很远我发觉我被送出去很远, 步子的跨度步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍竟是在地球上的两倍, 因而我摔倒了。因而我摔倒了。 times as.as. 是是的几倍的几倍1. violent adj. 猛烈的猛烈的; 激烈的激烈的; 强暴的强暴的 (课文原句课文原句) The earth became so violent that is was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 翻译翻译：地球：地球(开始开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。 【归纳归纳】 vio

10、lent crime 暴力犯罪暴力犯罪 【拓展拓展】 violently adv. 猛烈地猛烈地; 激烈地激烈地 violence n. 暴力暴力; 暴行暴行2. harmful adj. 有害的有害的 harm n. 伤害伤害, 损害损害 (课文原句课文原句) What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 翻译翻译：很多科学家相信，由于地球上长

11、：很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性特质溶解在海洋里。酸性特质溶解在海洋里。 【归纳归纳】 be harmful to 对对有害有害 do harm to 损害损害 There is no harm in doing sth./ It does no harm to do sth. 做某事没有什么坏处做某事没有什么坏处 3. exist vi. 存在存在; 生存生存 (课文原句课文原句) They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million y

12、ears. 翻译翻译：它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一：它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。亿四千多万年。 【归纳归纳】 exist on 靠靠为生为生 exist by 以以方式为生方式为生 exist in 存在于存在于之中之中 There exists/existed. 某地有某地有; 存存在在 【拓展拓展】 existence n. 存在存在; 生存生存 come into existence 产生产生; 成立成立; 开始开始存在存在 in existence 存在存在4. puzzle vt. 使迷惑使迷惑; 使为难使为难; 使窘困使窘困; 感到感到 迷惑迷惑 n. (游戏的游戏的

13、)猜谜猜谜; 难题难题; 谜谜 (课文原句课文原句) How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. (P27) 翻译翻译：地球上的生命是如何开始的，科：地球上的生命是如何开始的，科学家发现很难解释这个最大的难题。学家发现很难解释这个最大的难题。 【归纳归纳】 puzzle over/about sth. 苦苦思索苦苦思索; 仔细琢磨仔细琢磨 puzzle sth. out 琢磨出琢磨出的答案的答案 【拓展拓展】 puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的迷惑不解的(

14、常用来修饰人常用来修饰人) puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的令人迷惑不解的(常用来修常用来修饰饰 事物事物)5. pull n.& vt. 拉拉(力力); 拖拖; 牵引力牵引力 (课文原句课文原句) As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity. 翻译翻译：随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努：随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位力挣脱地球的

15、引力，我们被向后推在座位上。上。 【归纳归纳】 pull apart 拆卸拆卸; 拆散拆散 pull away (车辆等车辆等) 开走开走 pull down 拆毁拆毁; 摧毁摧毁 (建筑物建筑物) pull in (车辆车辆) 进站进站; 停靠停靠 pull out 驶出驶出; 退出退出 pull through 康复康复, 痊愈痊愈 pull up 停车停车1. in time 及时及时; 终于终于; 总有一天总有一天 (课文原句课文原句) They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and oth

16、er gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 翻译翻译：它：它(地球地球)猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、与岩石，最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。球的大气层。【拓展拓展】 in no time 立刻立刻; 马上马上 ahead of time 提前提前 at a time 每次每次; 逐一逐一 at times 有时有时; 间或间或 all the time 一直一直, 始终始终 from time to time 有时有

17、时; 偶尔偶尔 many a time 多次多次; 常常常常 time after time 一次又一次一次又一次; 总是总是 Thank God youre safe! I stepped back, just _ to avoid the racing car. A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain2. in ones turn 轮到某人轮到某人; 接着接着 (课文原句课文原句) Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. 翻

18、译翻译：于是，他们接着成为了这个行星：于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。上最重要的动物。 【拓展拓展】 in turn 轮流轮流; 依次依次; 逐个逐个 take ones turn 依次依次; 轮流轮流 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事轮流做某事 Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事轮到某人做某事3. cheer up 感到高兴感到高兴; 感到振奋感到振奋 (课文原句课文原句) I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabi

19、n watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger. 翻译翻译：我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我：我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的身后的)地球越来越小，而地球越来越小，而(前方的前方的)月球越来越月球越来越大。大。【拓展拓展】 cheer sb. on (赛跑赛跑/比赛等中比赛等中)以喝彩以喝彩声声 鼓励鼓励, 为为(某人某人)加油加油 cheer for. 为为欢呼欢呼 Cheers! (用于祝酒用于祝酒)干杯干杯!4. break out (战争战争/火灾火灾/疾病等疾病等)突发

20、突发; 爆爆发发 (课文原句课文原句) We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. 翻译翻译：随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船：随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。的外层燃烧起火。 【拓展拓展】 break away from 突然挣脱突然挣脱; 逃脱逃脱 break down 出故障出故障; 垮掉垮掉 break in 强行进入强行进入; 打断打断 break into sth. 突然开始突然开始 break off 断开断开;

21、中断中断 break through 取得突破取得突破 break up 结束，解散，分手结束，解散，分手Peter will _ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. (2015陕西卷陕西卷)A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up 【考点定位考点定位】考查动词短语考查动词短语句意：句意：Peter在这个月底将从事旅行社负责在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。人的职位。take up拿起，开始从事；拿起，开始从事；put up竖立；搭建；竖立；搭建；a

22、dd up加起来；加起来；break up结束；分解。所以选结束；分解。所以选A。 A 1. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.it是形式宾语是形式宾语, 真正的宾语是不定式短语真正的宾语是不定式短语to develop。it作形式宾语时常用在作形式宾语时常用在find/ make/ think/ considerit adj./n.to do 结构中。结构中。1. 这么坏的天气这么坏的天气, 我们发现爬到山顶是不可我们发现爬到山顶是不可能的。能的。 We find it imp

23、ossible to climb to the top of the hill in such bad weather.2. 他认为学好英语口语对他来说是重要的。他认为学好英语口语对他来说是重要的。 He considered it important for him to learn spoken English well.【仿写仿写】it作形式宾语作形式宾语, 除指代不定式结构外除指代不定式结构外, 还可还可指代指代that引导的宾语从句。如：引导的宾语从句。如：They made it clear to the public that they did an important and

24、necessary job.他们向公众表明他们向公众表明: 他们所做的工作重要且他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。必不可少。2. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”now that引导原因状语从句引导原因状语从句, “既然既然, 由由于于”, 相当于相当于since, 而且而且that可省略。可省略。下列介词短语也可以用来表示原因下列介词短语也可以用来表示原因: due to 由于由于, 归功于归功于 because of 因为因为 on account of

25、 由于由于, 因为因为 owning to 由于由于, 因为因为 thanks to 由于由于, 多亏多亏(多作表语或状多作表语或状语语) as a result of 由于由于 _ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further andkeep on going. (2015安徽卷安徽卷)A. Where B. As C. In case D. Now that考点：考查状语从句考点：考查状语从句 句意：曾经让他感到想放弃的地方，现在他决句意：曾经让他感到想放弃的地方，现在他决心继续前进。心继

26、续前进。where表示地点，引导让步状语表示地点，引导让步状语从句；从句；as引导让步状语从句常用倒装，即引导让步状语从句常用倒装，即tired as he has; in case表目的；表目的；now that表原因。表原因。这里指让他感到想放弃的地方。故选这里指让他感到想放弃的地方。故选A。A复合句中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。复合句中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。【要点精讲要点精讲】引导主语从句的词有连词引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether；连；连接代词接代词who, what, which；连接副词；连接副词when, where, how, why等。如：等。如：Wh

27、ether you can do it by yourself mainly depends on your ability, not your age.What I need most now is more time and more patience.When you can finish the work is of great importance.主语从句主语从句that引导主语从句时，在句中无实际意义，引导主语从句时，在句中无实际意义，只起连接作用，不作句子成分。当它引导只起连接作用，不作句子成分。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如不能省略；

28、如果用果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词时，从属连词that可以省略。如：可以省略。如：That the teacher will come is certain.It is a pity (that) you made such a careless mistake.常见由常见由it作形式主语的句型如下：作形式主语的句型如下： It+ be+ n.+主语从句。常见名词有：主语从句。常见名词有：fact, rule, pleasure, truth, pity等。如：等。如： It is a fact that English is being

29、 accepted as an international language. Its a rule that new members must sing a song. It+ be+ adj.+主语从句。常见形容词有：主语从句。常见形容词有：true, important, necessary, clear, certain等。如等。如： Its true that the earth is round. It was important that you rest. It+v.+主语从句。常用动词：主语从句。常用动词：seem, appear, happen, follow等。如：等。如

30、： It seems that Ive made a mistake. It appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved. It+be+v-ed+主语从句。常用过去分词：主语从句。常用过去分词：known, said, proven, asked, suggested等。如：等。如： Its well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. Its said that he was a spy during the war.如果主语从句置于句首，则不能用如果主

31、语从句置于句首，则不能用if引导，而引导，而用用whether；但如果用；但如果用it作形式主语，而把主作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导。如：引导。如：Whether Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful.It was doubtful whether / if Tom really saw Sharon.1. _we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (2015北京北京卷卷) A. Where B. How C. Why D. When 句意：

32、我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择少方式状语，因此选择how。故选。故选B。 B主语从句分多种，主语从句分多种，解题时要分析原题空中缺解题时要分析原题空中缺少的是何种状语少的是何种状语。这类题考生首先要利用主。这类题考生首先要利用主句与从句之间的逻辑关系判别，句与从句之间的逻辑关系判别，尤其是连词尤其是连词在从句中的功能在从句中的功能，由于引导主语从句的连词，由于引导主语从句的连词功能有所分别，较为容易抉择，但有的连词功能有所分别，较为容易抉择，但有的连词的形式一样，但具

33、有不同意思，这就需要考的形式一样，但具有不同意思，这就需要考生仔细甄别，充分利用与之相关内容或与其生仔细甄别，充分利用与之相关内容或与其搭配相关词语的意思。搭配相关词语的意思。名师点睛名师点睛2. Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. (2014大纲卷大纲卷) A. whether B. why C. when D. how 句义：土豆确切是在何时被引进到欧洲还句义：土豆确切是在何时被引进到欧洲还不确定，但是大约是在不确定，但是大约是在1565

34、年左右。年左右。Whether表示表示“是否是否”，why表示表示“原因原因”；how表示表示“方式方式”。根据后半句。根据后半句it was probably around 1565.可知本句谈可知本句谈论的是时间。故论的是时间。故C正确。正确。 C 用适当连接词补全对话。用适当连接词补全对话。Lucy: Why are you looking so happy?Jenny: Ive just attended a lecture. 1. _ the speaker said made me excited.Lucy: What was it about?Jenny: About healt

35、h. It seems 2. _ a lot of people dont know how to keep healthy.Lucy: Sounds great. 3. _ Im concerned about is my health condition at the moment. But what should I do to be healthy?What WhatthatJenny: 4. _ you will stay healthy depends on two factors exercise and diet.Lucy: You know I always do some

36、running on the road every night.Jenny: Whether you take exercise is one thing, but 5. _ you take exercise is quite another. You shouldnt run at night because it will affect your sleep. Besides, 6. _ you do your running isnt favorable. You should run in the park instead of on the road.Whether When Wh

37、ereLucy: I see. I can see it is important 7. _ now I have to change my bad habits.Jenny: Also, you must be careful with your diet. Its well-known 8. _ we are what we eat. So you should eat more vegetables.Lucy: Youre right. In fact I always eat too much meat. But I will change myself.that that 【写作任务

38、写作任务】根据目前对某市高中生心理状况调查显示，根据目前对某市高中生心理状况调查显示，大部分学生普遍存在的最严重的心理问题是大部分学生普遍存在的最严重的心理问题是自信心不足。主要原因有：自信心不足。主要原因有：1. 学生交际范围狭窄；学生交际范围狭窄；2. 家长的期望过高；家长的期望过高；3. 学校存在不恰当的比较和评价学校存在不恰当的比较和评价 (evaluation)方式。方式。说明文写作说明文写作如何解决问题如何解决问题假如你是该市某英语学习报的兼职编辑，请假如你是该市某英语学习报的兼职编辑，请根据以上提示信息，写一篇英文短文，点明根据以上提示信息，写一篇英文短文，点明问题，并给出合理的

39、解决方法。问题，并给出合理的解决方法。注意：注意：1. 词数词数120左右。左右。 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【写作指导写作指导】解决问题类说明文，是针对某一问题，向读者解决问题类说明文，是针对某一问题，向读者提出具体的解决办法。提出具体的解决办法。该类文章主要包含以下内容：该类文章主要包含以下内容：问题；产生问题；产生的原因；如何解决；对解决办法的评价。的原因；如何解决；对解决办法的评价。就本篇写作而言，可分为三个段落：就本篇写作而言，可分为三个段落：第一段：点明问题，明确需要解决的问题是学第一段：点明问题，明确需要解决的问题是学生的心理问题。生的心理

40、问题。第二段：分析学生的心理问题存在的原因并提第二段：分析学生的心理问题存在的原因并提出解决问题的办法。出解决问题的办法。第三段：对所提出的解决方法进行适当论述。第三段：对所提出的解决方法进行适当论述。【常用表达常用表达】1. Problems: . is really a problem. One of the difficulties is. / The question is .It is difficult / hard to do. . is a problem that we have to face.It is of great importance for us to. It

41、has become the biggest concern of.Unless we take effective measures, it is likely that.According to a recent survey, there are more and more .2. Reasons:There is no doubt that the reason why . is that . The reasons for . can be listed as follows.The following three factors contribute to . First of a

42、ll, . Secondly, . Thirdly, .3. Solutions:It is high time that something were done to. We have figured out many ways to.Only in this way can we. To solve the mentioned problems, we must.Firstly,. Secondly,. Finally,. There might be two solutions. The first one is to.We can solve the problem by. In ot

43、her words, the best way to solve the problem is. 4. Conclusions:In a word / To sum up . By doing . you will .With the help of . we can manage to overcome / pull through these difficulties.We must find out new ways to cope with any problems that would arise.【参考范文参考范文】 According to a recent survey, mo

44、st high school students in our city appear to lack self-confidence, which has been the most serious psychological problem. The reasons can be listed as follows. The narrow range of interpersonal communication is one of the main reasons. The high expectation from parents is often said to be another c

45、ause. Also, there still exist some improper comparison and evaluation methods in many schools. Its high time that something were done to solve the problem. First, students should communicate more with others. Second, parents should pay more attention to their childrens thoughts. Finally, schools sho

46、uld change their comparison and evaluation methods. In my opinion, all these changes will certainly help students build up their self-confidence as long as they are done properly.I. 选用合适的连接词填空（每个连接词限用选用合适的连接词填空（每个连接词限用一次）。一次）。what, that, who, how, where, whether, why, when1. Its surprising _ quickly

47、 the weather can change here.2. It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about.3. Has it been announced _ the plane is to take off ? Yes. Half past ten.how what whenwhat, that, who, how, where, whether, why, when4. _ the temple once stood is now a large parking garage.5. It never occurr

48、ed to me _ you could succeed in persuading Jim to change his mind.6. _ we qualify or not depends on how we play the next game.Wherethat Whetherwhat, that, who, how, where, whether, why, when7. It is still open to question _ is to head the group.8. _ these Chinese statues are in a French museum is an

49、 important part of our story today.who WhyII. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。1. _ (与多数系统不与多数系统不同同), this one is very easy to use.2. As shots rang out, the crowd _ (跑向四面八方跑向四面八方).3. Heres some information that may help you sign in _ (首次首次).4. _ (我我们的问题成倍增加们的问题成倍增加) since last year.Unlike most systemsran in all directionsfor the first timeOu