开题报告 梭罗《瓦尔登湖》的象征主义分析文学英语专业

1、开题报告书题目 Analysis of Thoreaus Walden from Symbolism 从象征主义角度分析梭罗的瓦尔登湖 论文题目 (Title)Analysis of Thoreaus Walden from Symbolism 从象征主义角度分析梭罗的瓦尔登湖 中心论点： 本论文将在象征主义被许多外国文学作品中运用过试图来详细地分析梭罗的瓦尔登湖。通过细读作品中各种意象和文章篇章的布局的重要信息，来探索梭罗的象征意义的存在和内涵，象征手法的使用不仅能深化主题并使之更形象，而且常常能奇迹般地激起读者的情感并唤起读者的想象，从而赋予作品与众不同的全新意义。因此读懂象征艺术对于更好

2、地理解该小说有着至关重要的作用。通过在田园生活中感知自然、重塑自我的奇异历程和心理描写的研究，表达了新英格兰知识分子对于唯利是图的社会现实不得不满。Thesis Statement： This paper attempts to analyze Thoreau's Walden by using symbolism which was used in many foreign literary works. Reading carefully the important information of the layout of article and description of va

3、rious images in the work, we can explore the connotation of Thoreaus symbolism; the use of symbol can not only deepen the theme but also often miraculously arouse the reader's imagination, which endows the work with distinctive meaning. Therefore, interpretation of the symbols plays a vital role

4、 in better interpretation of the text. Through the study of psychological and description of nature in the pastoral life and the reshaping of himself, it is expressed that the New England intellectuals for the mercenary is not satisfied.本研究目的和意义: 研究目的：现代社会，人们更加注重精神文明，追求的是精神和心灵上的宁静。通过对瓦尔登湖中意象所象征的梭罗的精

5、神高度的解析，来体现它的象征主义的理解对个人及社会的重要性，同时使作者更加准确、贴切地理解这部作品。Modern society, people pay more attention to spiritual civilization and pursuit the spiritual peace. By analyzing Thoreau's spirit through Waldens symbolic images, representing the importance of symbolism to the individual and society, and making

6、 the author understand the work accurately and properly. 研究意义（Significance）：通过对作品的解读和作者的分析，帮助理解作品中的主题和进一步学习梭罗的作品，也可以从中反映出那个时代人们的态度和梭罗的差距，从而加深对梭罗的印象，更好的阐述他的思想对现实的意义。 Through the interpretation of the work and the analysis of the author to help understand the theme of the work and a further study of T

7、horeau's works. It can also reflect the gap between people's attitude of the era and Thoreau, thereby deepen man's impression of Thoreau and interpret better his thinking on the significance to the reality.本研究的理论意义（国内外文献综述）:1 研究背景：一直以来，从精神层面来分析瓦尔登湖对现代社会的影响是一个很多中国学者喜欢评论的点，他们研究的都是回归到大自然，人们

8、的精神和心灵都能得到净化，也倡导只有在和谐的人和自然的环境中，才能达到人与自然的对立统一。国外也有学者.作家对瓦尔登湖中生态主义和梭罗的超验主义的研究。但用象征意义来具体分析瓦尔登湖中体现的人与自然的研究还不多。Chinese scholars like to comment the Walden through the spiritual point of view to analyze the impact of modern society, their study is back to the nature, people's spirit and mind can be pu

9、rified, and also advocate in Harmonious relationship human-nature, people can achieve the unity of man and nature of the opposition. There are also abroads scholars .writers on Walden ecologic and Thoreau's transcendentalism. But the studies are not enough that apply a symbolic meaning to analyz

10、e specifically of Walden reflecting the relationship between human and nature.2. 研究现状 2.1 国内外关于梭罗及作品的研究 2.2.1 国外研究状况 1862年，艾默生发表了一篇关于大西洋报中关于梭罗的文章，这似乎是研究梭罗的开始。迄今为止在美国研究过梭罗的学者已经有一百多年历史了。梭罗在美国文学史上的评价是复杂的。首先，美国作家J.R Lowell和英国作家A.E Stevenson批评梭罗是一名业余自然学家，他只是模仿艾默生。然而，像Mark Van Doren和Norman Forester这样的学者肯定

11、了梭罗所做的艺术成就。他们相信，梭罗致力于追求真理，善良和美丽与自然。但他们没有集中在梭罗的思想和想法。1941年，是对梭罗的研究的一个转折点。哈佛大学学者马蒂森（Matthiessen）出版了一本名叫美国文艺复兴：艾默生和惠特曼时代的艺术和表达。在他的著作中，Matthiessance大致对梭罗进行了解读，并得到美国新批评注意的广泛支持。它使梭罗成为美国文学史上的经典作家之一。20世纪50年代以后，对梭罗的研究迅速上升，大致可以分为五个方面。一，传记研究；二，文学研究；第三，哲学研究；四，生态学研究；最后是文化研究。 In 1862, Emerson published an article

12、 about Thoreau in Atlantic, which would seem to be as the beginning of studying Thoreau. There have been over one hundred years for the scholars studying on Thoreau so far in American. Thoreau might to be a complicated one in American literary history. First, American writer J.R Lowell and British w

13、riter A.E Stevenson criticized that Thoreau was an amateur naturalist and he simply imitated Emerson only. However, the scholars like Mark Van Doren and Norman Forester were sure the art achievements that Thoreau had made. They believe that Thoreau devoted all his life to pursuit the truth, the kind

14、ness and the beauty with nature. But they did not focus on Thoreaus thoughts and ideas.In 1941, it was a turning point for the study of Thoreau. F.O Matthiessen, a Harvard University scholar, comes out American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman. In his work, Matthiess

15、ance interpreted Walden as a whole, which was supported in detail by American New Criticism. And it made Thoreau become one of the classic writers in American literary history. And after 1950s, the study of Thoreau increased quickly, which can divide five aspects. First, biographical study; Second,

16、literary study; Third, philosophic study; Fourth, ecological study; Last is culture study.2.2.2 国内研究状况到目前为止，中国学者已经认可了梭罗和他的作品。对瓦尔登湖的研究分为两个时期；21世纪是一个分水岭。在21世纪初期，大多数是对梭罗和他的作品的介绍。然而，自20世纪90年代以来，对梭罗的研究取得了进步。在新的世纪，研究更倾向于多样化。许多学者从四个方面进行研究。一，21世纪前的认可度；二，21世纪后的接受度；第三，梭罗哲学的研究；最后，梭罗的生态思想研究。So far, we Chinese h

17、ave accepted Thoreau and his works. The studies of Walden fall into two periods; the 21st century is a watershed. At the beginning of the first period of time, most are the introduction for Thoreau and his works. While, since 1990s, the studies of Thoreau have made a spurt of progress, in the new ce

18、ntury, the studies tend to be more diversity. Many scholars study from four aspects. First, the acceptance before the 21st century; Second, the acceptance after 21st century; Third, the study of Thoreaus philosophy; Last, the Thoreaus ecological thoughts. 本研究的问题、理论、方法和视角：问题：从象征主义角度分析梭罗的瓦尔登湖 Analysis

19、 of Thoreaus Walden from Symbolism理论：象征主义 Symbolism方法：文本细读法.文献期刊研读法 Reading book and the journals or reference视角：通过从象征主义的视角对瓦尔登湖进行分析 From Symbolism to interpret the work本研究的主要观点和重难点:主要观点：象征主义源于十九世纪晚期的法国象征主义运动,已成为现代小说中一种重要的创作手法。通过运用象征主义手法,作家能够形象而生动地表达出其作品中所蕴含的抽象、深刻的概念或观点。象征主义强调在创作中使用暗指或诱导等方式而非直接描述来揭示

20、隐含在文中深层的意义和联系。象征主义的研究在对文学作品分析中有重要意义。 Symbolism, which originates from the French Symbolist Movement in the late 19thcentury, is used as one of the important devices in modern fiction. As a writing technique, symbolism is favored by many writers; it is an effective tool for writers to express abstrac

21、t ideas and profound views in their works. It stresses the priority of suggestion and evocation over direct description and explicit analogy, the notion of a deeper, hidden level of meaning and connection is favored. An examination of symbolism in literary works will be immensely helpful. 重点：用象征意义对作

22、品细读，从而加深对作品的理解。With a Symbolism to read the work, it will enrich peoples understanding of the work.难点：对于瓦尔登湖的研究，前人研究焦点主要集中在生态.自然观等方面，而关于象征意义在这部作品中的分析还不多。因此，在解读这部作品的象征意义时存在困难，需要作者综合其它作品中象征主义的体现来读瓦尔登湖进行新的角度的分析。For Walden's study, the focus of previous studies focused on the ecological, natural and

23、 so on, while Symbolism of the analysis in this work is not much. Therefore, there is difficulty in interpreting the Symbolism of this work, and the author needs to analyze Walden in a new view from the perspective of symbolism in other works. 详细提纲 (Detailed Outline):1. Introduction1.1 A General Int

24、roduction to Henry David Thoreau 1.2 A General Introduction to Walden 2.Symbolism 2.1 The Origin of Symbolism2.2 The Definition of Symbolism 2.3 The Characteristics of Symbolism 2.4 The Significance of Symbolism 2.4.1 Symbolism in Literature 2.4.2 Symbolism in Thoreaus works 3.The Symbolism Embodied

25、 in Walden 3.1 Symbol of Natural Scenery 3.2 Symbol of Animal 3.3 Symbol of Season 3.4 Symbol of Man 4.The Enlightenment of Symbolism 4.1 Benefit to Modern People Who have Strong desire or needs 4.2 Help to Those of Losing Oneself in Life 5.Conclusion This part will clarify Symbolism is profoundly i

26、mproved and explored in Thoreaus Walden. 写作进程 (Schedule):2016年9月 与指导老师联系/见面/沟通，讨论论文方向和选题，开始搜集论文资料 2016年10月 确定论文题目，并做读书笔记和完成开题报告2016年11月 填写开题报告的所有内容，并提交论文开题报告2016年12月 整理收集好的所有资料，把每一章要写的具体内容罗列出来2016年12月 完成第一二章的内容2016年12月 完成第三四章内容2017年1月 提交论文正文初稿给指导教师 2017年2月 提供初稿反馈意见2017年3月 提供修改稿12017年3月 提供修改稿1反馈意见2017年3月 提供修改稿22017年4月 提供修改稿3，按要求做好参考书目2017年4月 指导学生做好论文正文前的材料（封面、序言、目录） 2017年4月 提供修改稿4，按要求做好正文前材料20