英语高考人教版高考高频语法

1、高考高频语法 -寇 冰- High-Frequency Grammar动词、三大从句、特殊句式英语二轮专题-英语 综合语法、动词1、 时态/语态-重点：被动语态种 类主动语态被动语态一般现在时do现在完成时have done 现在进行时is/are doing现在完成进行时have been doing一般过去时did 过去完成时had done 过去进行时was/were doing 一般将来时will do将来进行时will be doing过去将来时would dois /are donehas have been done is are being done 无was were don

2、ehad been done was were being done will be done 无would be done2、非谓动分类一般式 一般被动式 完成式完成被动式过去分词donedonedonedone不定式 to do to have done 现在分词 doing having done to be donebeing done to have been donehaving been done3、动词虚拟语气 分 类 if 从句 主 句与现在相反 与过去相反 与将来相反 were did would do had done would have donewere did sh

3、ould do were to do would do4、情态动词 分 类 与现在有关 (must) 与过去有关 (must) 主 动 被 动 must do must have donemust be done must have been done谓语动词解题策略:括号内给出动词的原形，做题时首先找出句子的主干, 确定主句，如果缺谓语，就要根据上下文语境和意思确定。谓语动词解题练习: . If I _ (not see) it with my own eyes ,I wouldnt have believed it. .Without his wartime experiences, He

4、mingway_ (not write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. . It is reported that a space station _ (build) on the moon in years to come. . I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but _ (hold) back thankfully by the shop window.hadt seen wouldnt have writtenwill be built was held 非谓语动

5、词解题策略:若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定。 . Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _(take) good care of at home. ._ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(安徽) .Much time_(spend)

6、 sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(江苏) takenIgnoring spent动词词类转换情况:所给动词如果既不充当谓语，也不充当非谓语，读懂语境，判断横线所需，然后用适当形式 . What is your _ (impress) of the Birds Nest? Is it wonderful? . She was _（surprise）helpful. . But a smiling face here and an _ (encourage) nod there

7、 soon put me at ease. . Curious and_ (excite), we walked around the station and looked everywhere, searching for any information in English. impression surpringlyencourging excited最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配 1 一般现在时: often , on Sunday , at weekends , once in a while , three times a day 一般过去时: yesterday , ago ,

8、 in the past, the other day , just now , once upon a time, 一般将来时: tomorrow , in a few years , in the future, Soon , next , another day , 现在进行时: (right) now , at this moment , at present, 过去进行时: at 10 last night , at that time/ moment , this time yesterday, then . 最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配 2 将来进行时: at 10 tomo

9、rrow , then , this time tomorrow, next year, 现在完成时:for, since , so far , in the past/ last few years , lately, recently, just, up to now, up till now, already, yet, ever, never, twice, three times, before, 过去完成时: by+过去时间， by the end of + 过去时间， by the time , by then, 现在完成进行时: all the time , for, sinc

10、e , in the past few years , 现在完成时态的用法：高考考点 在“最高级+名词” 之后跟定语从句，从句用现在完成时。 It is the most instructive lecture that I _ (ever, attend) . This is the first time that I _ (visit) your country. It / This is the first/second/ last time that 从句中用现在完成时。 It / This was the first/second/lasttime that从句中用过去完成时。 Th

11、e book, which became the best-seller, was written by Arthurs wife, Joan, whom he has _ to (marry) for 52 years.have ever attended have visited been married终止性动词-延续性动词形式 marry 是终止性动词，不可与延续性状语for, since 等连用，需把终止性动词变成可延续的动词形式be married to 。 其它词有：die-be dead ; come-be here; leavebe away; beginbe on; joi

12、n-be in; becomebe; borrowkeep; buy-have ; get in touch with-be in touch; fall in love with-be in love with 现在完成进行时的用法：高考考点 . 表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在甚至会延续到将来（强调延续）。 She is very tired. She _ ( type )letters all day. . 到现在为止的一段时间里一再反复发生的动作。 All these years they _( contribute ) articles to our magazine. h

13、as been typing have been contributing一般过去时的用法：高考考点 .表过去一段时间里经常或反复发生的行为。used to do和 would do I used to get up early and take an hours walk before breakfast. 我过去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小时。. . 表过去先后发生的一连串的动作。前若干动作后用逗号隔开，最后两个之间用and连接。 He put a finger in his mouth, _ ( taste) it and smiled with satisfaction. . 在时

14、间、条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将要发生的动作。 He said he _( call ) us as soon as he arrived home. tasted would call过去完成时的用法：高考考点表在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态，表“过去的过去”。这个时间可用短语或从句表示，也可上下文加以衬托。 He had worked there for 10 years before he reached Canada. By the end of last year, the power plant _( complete ). 虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的假

15、设，if从句用过去完成时。 If you _ (win) the first place in the last exam, you _ (get) the iPad as a gift from your father. But you didnt. Wish, if only, would rather后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气用过去完成时表与过去事实相反的假设。 How I wish I _(take) your advice last time. If only you _ (donate) more money yesterday. Id rather you _(tell) him

16、the truth when you saw him last time.had been completedhad wonwould have got had taken had donatedhad told主动表被动 1 The book _ (sell) well. By today 50,000 copies _(sell) out. sells well 强调主语的特性，主动表被动。第二个 sell强调被卖掉的动作。Have been sold . 某些“不及物动词+副词(easily, well, smoothly, quickly, badly等)” ,说明主语的特性。动词有l

17、ock, open, close, sell, bend, print, cut, wash, read, write, wear, tear, cook等。易撕 tear easily 书写流畅write smoothly易洗 wash easily好读read smoothly熟得快 cook quickly打印质量差print badly易弯曲 bend easily . 系动词look, sound, taste, smell, feel, prove, remain, seem等无被动语态，作定语，用doing . Sth. is +adj. + to do. I find/ thi

18、nk/ make/ feel sth. + adj. + to do. to do是主动表被动 The novel is interesting _(read). to read We find the box heavy _(carry). to carrysellshave been soldto readto carry主动表被动 2 高考考点 . 某些与wont, wouldnt 连用的不及物动词如lock, open, close, move, print, shut等， 用主动表被动。 The car _ (开不动了). The door of the classroom _ (锁

19、不上). .have sth. to do; There is sth. to do.; with sth. to do. 有要做 I have a letter _ (type), so I cant go with you. With a lot of problems _ (solve), I am at a loss now. 比较：He asked me if I had anything _ (type). type 的逻辑主语不是I，用have sth. to be done . sb. is to blame (for sth.). 该怪，该负责任 It is I that _

20、 (blame) for the incident. wont open wont lock to typeto solve to be typed am to blame、三大从句一、名词性从句 1.主语从句 .主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： It is a facta pitya questiongood news that. It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that. It is clearimportantlikelypossible that. It is sai

21、dreportedestimatedhas been proved that. It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful.、三大从句一、名词性从句 1.主语从句 . what引导的主语从句表示“.的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. . what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导

22、的主语从句都用陈述语序。 How the plan _(be) to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. is2.宾语从句. 宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。 I promised _ I would change the situation. All this is different from _ American young people would say about friendship. He is certain that watching so mu

23、ch television is not good for children. This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. . 宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。高考考点 He has made _ clear _ he would not change his mind. that what it that3.表语从句:表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。高考考点 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,w

24、hen,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is _ ( that / what ) there is no one common type of life in America. The reason _ so many people died there is _ there were not enough food supplies. It lo

25、oks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. that why that4.同位语从句:同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明 She finally made the decision _ she would join the fashion show. I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. The news came _ their team had won the championshi

26、p. The news that he told me is _their team had won the championshipthatthatthat二、定语从句:定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。高考考点 .限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。 The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizati

27、ons. Those _ live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. The girl _ parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. who whose 关系代词的省略 在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 This is one of t

28、hose things _ we have to put up. This is one of those things _ we have to put up with. with which which that 不填. “介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句 高考考点“介词+whichwhomwhose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。 This is the computer _ which he spent all his savings It is written by a perso

29、n _ we are all familiar.on with whom三、状语从句.时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有： when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。 We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. as soon as,hardly(scarcely).when,no sooner.than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that) As soon as I sent an

30、e-mail message,I received positive responses. _ _he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.Themoment.条件和让步状语从句 高考考点 No matter _ you may say,I would not change my mind. Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) _ as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a

31、child) what Child、特殊句式考点一：倒装句 全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前) Out rushed a cat from under the table. Such was Albert Einstein，a simple but great scientist. In a lecture hall of a university in England _( sit ) a professor. Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.sits部分倒装(助动词/系动词be/情态动词提到主语前) 高考考点 Only

32、in this way can you solve this problem. _ Never before have I seen such a moving film. Not only was he forced to stay home，but also he had to do his homework. He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood _ that he can always make himself understood. Tom doesnt like bananas

33、，neither/nor do I. Child as/though he is，he knows a lot. If I had attended the meeting，I would have met Jim. _，I would have met Jim.You can solve this problem in this way .So clearly does he speak EnglishHad I attended the meeting易错警示 there，here，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out等副词置于句首，但主语为人称代词时，不用倒装。 only修饰主语置于句首时，不能倒装。 若两个主语一致时，则表示同意以上观点，不能倒装，此时so表示“的确如此”，即用so主语助动词/系动词/情态动词。 当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物通常用“so it is with.”或“it is the same with.”。 He likes apples and he doesnt go to school by bus.So it is with her He loves English and he is good at it_is the same with me考点二强调句和其他句型(一