定语从句 (5)

1、1The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代指代定语从句中所充当的分定语从句中所充当的分人人物物句子句子主语主语宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语whowhomwhichthatwhoseas 如何判断用如何判断用关系副词关系副词还是还是关系代词关系代词? ?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.1.先行词先行词; ;2.2.关系词在从句中充当的成分关系词在从句中充当的成分。做主语、宾语、表语、定语做主语、宾语、表语、定语 关系代词关系代词

2、做状语做状语 关系副词关系副词 the usage of the relative adverb关系副词关系副词指代指代所充当的句子成分所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason状语状语状语状语状语状语4使用要点使用要点1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时关系代词在从句中作主语时, 不能省略。不能省略。 The classroom that is on the fourth floor is poorly equipped.2. 关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时, 常可省略。常可省略。 This is the girl with

3、 whom he works.3. 关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。 I have come to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting. The people (whomwhothat) you met in the campus are from Australia.5I know the girl _ face is red.whose(定语定语) Id like the room _ windows are big.whose(定语定语) 注意：引导定语从句时，注意：引导定语从句时， who

4、se可用可用of which/whom代替代替, 但词序不同，即：但词序不同，即：whose+名词名词=the +n. + of which/whom =of which/whom + the + n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.the window of which = He lives in the room, faces south.of which the window 关系代词关系代词 as引导定语从句引导定语从句, 用于固定搭配用于固定搭配, 先先

5、行词与行词与 as、 so、 such、 the same 连用。连用。1. Do you want to buy the same radio as was shown on TV?主语主语2. He has as good a pen as I have. 宾语宾语3. Beijing is not the same as it used to be .表语表语4. This is the same pen _ I lost yesterday.as/that宾语宾语 which /as在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：1. which可以指代主句的部分内容可

6、以指代主句的部分内容, 也可以指代整个主句也可以指代整个主句的内容。的内容。 as指代整个主句。指代整个主句。2. as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前, 也也可以放在主句之后。可以放在主句之后。 which引导的非限制性定于从句只能跟在主句后引导的非限制性定于从句只能跟在主句后, 不不 能放在句首。能放在句首。3. 当非限制性定语从句为否定句或者具有否定意义时用当非限制性定语从句为否定句或者具有否定意义时用which, 不用不用as。4. as表达表达”正如正如”之意之意. 注意注意: 介词介词+which（指物），不可省（指物），不可省 介词

7、介词+whom （指人），不可省（指人），不可省 介词后不用介词后不用whowho、thatthatThe city which she lives in is far away.The man whom you spoke to is our headmaster.The farm on which we worked ten years ago is beautiful.This is the tree under which we used to play games.介词介词+关系代词的使用关系代词的使用 1. 介词的确定方法介词的确定方法The money with which yo

8、u were to buy dog food is gone.He will never forget the day on which he failed in the exam.根据先行词来确定根据先行词来确定We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions. The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定一般情况下，介词放在关系代词一般情况下，

9、介词放在关系代词whichwhich和和whomwhom之之前，也可放在动词后。前，也可放在动词后。固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前. .常常见的这类动词短语有见的这类动词短语有: look for/after/forward to、care for、 take care of、hear of/about/from等等. e.g. This is the right place Im looking for. The girl whom he is looking after is his sister. 2. 介词的位置介词的位置This is t

10、he teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.=This is the teacher the daughter of whom is a famous doctor.1.1.名词名词+ +介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词We have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada. 2.2.数词数词+ +介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词( (含基数词、序数词、分含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数）数和百分数） 3.3.代词代词+ +介词介词+ +关系代词（代词有关系代词（代词有allall、both

11、both、nonenone、 neitherneither、eithereither、somesome、anyany等）等） The old woman has two sons, both of whom are teachers.4.形容词最高级形容词最高级+介词介词+关系代词关系代词 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan Island.5.介词介词+关系代词关系代词+名词名词 He spent four years in college, during which time he studied me

12、dicine. I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Lu Xun once lived is being repaired now. when(which/that)(which/that)whereThe reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is that

13、he was ill.The reason_he gave isnt believable. why(that /which)1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what that 与与which 的区别的区别先行词为先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, no ,something, anythi

14、ng等不等不定代词时，关系代词用定代词时，关系代词用 that3. He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whomu 先行词为人和物的组合，关系代词用先行词为人和物的组合，关系代词用that。u 若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或或 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关系代词用关系代词用 that。4. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A

15、. that B. which C. where D. it6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it u先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时，关系代词用等时，关系代词用that。5. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. tha

16、t C. where D. it 1. 先行词为先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等等不定代词不定代词.2.先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。等时。4. 先行词为人和物的组合。先行词为人和物的组合。5.若主句中有疑问代

17、词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者或者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关系代词用关系代词用 that。 只用只用that的情况的情况: that 与与which 的区别的区别 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it 只用只用which的情况的情况:1.逗号后面逗号后面 2.介词后面介词后面2. The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952. A on which B that C which D.t

18、his u一个句子一个句子,两个定语从句两个定语从句,为避免重复为避免重复,一个用一个用that,另一另一个用个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library _ was newly open to us. A that B which C where D as Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在one, anyone, those 指人时

19、一般用指人时一般用“who”。he/she/I / they作先行词时作先行词时, 用用“who” 代替代替 “that”.考点二考点二: that 与与who的区别的区别whowhowho考点三考点三: 介词介词+关系代词关系代词 提醒提醒: 介词关系代词引导的定语从句介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断关键是判断介词的选择介词的选择.方法一方法一: 根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词习惯搭配习惯搭配；方法二方法二: 根据从句中动词与先行词的根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。逻辑关系。 注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常

20、由常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用that 或或who 代替。代替。1. The man with whom you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2. The room in which my family live used to be a garage.考点四：考点四：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换,但下列情况多用但下列情况多用as。 1.当与当与

21、such、the same、so、as连用时，一般用连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you. 2. as引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首, as本身有本身有“正如正如”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 know、see、expect、 point out 、announce等。等。 As we all know, the earth is round. As Engels pointed out , labour created man himself

22、. 考点五考点五: 定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行先行词词保持一致。保持一致。1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty2.Dont choose me, who am not fit for this job 3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. tha

23、t have written 4. She is the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing 1. Is this factory _ we visited last week? Is this the factory _ we visited last week? A.where B.that C.to which D.the one解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。Exercises

24、Exercises2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used. A.where B.that C.of whom D.which 先行词是先行词是situation, case, scenesituation, case, scene时，一般用时，一般用where,where,最佳选择则是最佳选择则是in whichin which. .DBA3. Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old friends. Here are some player

25、s from Japan and some of _ are our old friends. A. which B. that C. whom D. them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CD与其它从句、强调句型的比较与其它从句、强调句型的比较1).A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. 2).A modern city has been set up in a place _ was a wasteland before.3).A modern city has been set up

26、 _ there was a wasteland ten years ago.whatwhich/thatwhere宾语从句宾语从句定语从句定语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句4).-Where did you get to know her? -It was on the farm _she worked _ I got to know her.5).It was in the village _he was born _ the celebration was held.wherethatwherethat6).People were excited at the news _ China s

27、ucceeded in launching Change One.7).The news _he told us made us excited.that(that/which)高考试题高考试题1. Many countries are now setting up national parks _animals and plants can be protected.（2013北京）A. when B. which C. whose D. where2. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _

28、lives were affected.（2013福建）A. whose B. that C. who D. which3. Happiness and success often come to those _are good at recognizing their own strengths.（2013湖南） A. whom B. who C. what D. which4. He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident.（2013江西） A. what B. which C. where D. how5. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. （201