rhetorical-devices修辞手法的介绍-演示幻灯片

1、Rhetorical devices employed in Kings speech In rhetoric, a rhetorical device or resource of language is a technique that an author or speaker uses to convey to the listener or reader a meaning with the goal of persuading him or her towards considering a topic from a different perspective.Goal (purpo

2、se) While rhetorical devices may be used to evoke an emotional response in the audience, there are other reasons to use them. The goal of rhetoric is to persuade towards a particular frame of view or a particular course of action, so appropriate rhetorical devices are used to construct sentences des

3、igned both to make the audience receptive through emotional changes and to provide a rational argument for the frame of view or course of action.Repetition(反复)antithesis(对照，对仗)Imagery(比喻)definedTypes(类型)Reflection is the repetition of a word or phrase to affect a different meaning e.g. We must all h

4、ang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately. 我们必须紧密团结在一起，不然我们会被一个接着一个吊死。 (Benjamin Franklin) Epizeuxis is the repetition of words in immediate succession e.g. Words, words, words. (Hamlet) Never, never, never quit. (Winston Churchill)Anadiplosis（加倍） is the repetition of the last word of

5、a preceding clause. The word is used at the end of a sentence and then used again at the beginning of the next sentence. e.g. “Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.” Yoda, Star Wars 恐惧产生愤怒，愤怒导致仇恨，仇恨将带来苦难。尤达星球大战Epistrophe (词尾重复)is the repetition of a word or phrase at the

6、 end of every clause.e.g. There is no Negro problem. There is no Southern problem. There is no Northern problem. There is only an American problem. Lyndon B. Johnson in We Shall Overcome 所谓的黑人问题，南方问题，北方问题，归根到底还是美国问题。（林登约翰逊我们终将克服一切）Anaphora is a rhetorical device that consists of repeating a sequence

7、 of words at the beginnings of neighboring clauses, thereby lending them emphasis. e.g. In time .In time .In time . I fled Him,.I fled Him,.I fled Him,.Of my own mind. Epanalepsis is the repetition of the initial word or words of a clause or sentence at the end.e.g. The king is dead; long live the k

8、ing. ColdplayViva La Vida “先王亡矣！新王万代！” 酷玩乐队生命万岁 (para2) But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles（手铐） of segregation（种族隔离） and the chains of discrimination（种族歧视）.

9、One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity（繁荣）. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing（受折磨） in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile（流放者） in his own land. So we have come here today

10、to dramatize（戏剧性处理） a shameful condition. Repetition in Kings speechRepetition in Kings speech (para7)And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, When will you be satisfied? We can never be satis

11、fied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We can never be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Missi

12、ssippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.“ “We can never (cannot) be satisfied” repeat5 timesWe can never (cannot) be sa

13、tisfied” repeat5 timesContrast(对照)/antithesis(对照，对仗)definedExamplesMan proposes, God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天。Many are called, but few are chosen.被召集的人很多，选上的很少It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness.那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代；那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头 。 双城

14、记查尔斯狄更斯Antithesis in Kings speech Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of Gods children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the

15、 solid rock of brotherhood. 现在是走出幽暗荒凉的种族隔离深谷，踏上种族平等的阳关大道的时候。现在是使我们国家走出种族不平等的流沙，踏上充满手足之情的磐石的时候。现在是使上帝所有孩子真正享有公正的时候。 “the dark and desolate valley of segregation “ is contrasted with “the sunlit path of racial justice” the quicksands of racial injustice is contrasted with solid rock of brotherhood. An

16、tithesis in Kings speech This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning.自由平等的朗朗秋日不到来，黑人顺情合理哀怨的酷暑就不会过去。1963年不是一个结束，而是一个开端。 sweltering summer is contrasted with

17、invigorating autumn 意义上相对立的词sweltering summersweltering summer与“invigorating autumninvigorating autumn凑在一起进行对比，句子结构紧凑，语言色彩鲜明，语意作用强烈。这种对照修辞手段在结构成分上对称，意义上则对照，它可以把深刻的道理说得明白动听。defineddefined明喻(simile)是就两个不同类对象之间的相似点进行比喻，通常用介词“like”，连词“as,as,if”，动词“seem”等。以及句型“A to B”、“C to D”等。usesUsing likeA simile can

18、 explicitly provide the basis of a comparison or leave this basis implicit. e.g. hannah is like a candy so sweet. Her eyes twinkled like stars. Using asThe use of as makes the simile explicit, by clearly stating the feature predicated of the target. e.g. mina walks as gracefully as a cat. clark was

19、as hungry as a lion. Without like or asSimiles are sometimes made without using the words like or as. This often occurs when making comparisons of differing values.e.g. How this Herculean Roman does become / The carriage of his chafe. (William Shakespeare,)Simile in Kings speech This momentous decre

20、e came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. 这项重要法令的颁布，对于千百万灼烤于非正义残焰中的黑奴，犹如带来希望之光的硕大灯塔，恰似结束漫漫长夜禁锢的欢畅黎明。 马丁路德金把解放宣言比喻为希望之光，比喻为结束慢慢长夜的笼罩后的欢畅黎明，比喻非常贴切，语言生动，语意深刻。defined暗喻(meta