新视野读写第三版BOOK1Unit-1-翻译答案(详细解释)

1、Part II Part II 1. 孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的圣人（sage）。2. 他的言论和生平活动记录在论语（The Analects）一书中。3. 论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。4. 不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。5. 孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。6. 在 21 世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。第第 1 1 句：句： 孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学

2、派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的圣人（sage）。汉语结构比较松散，无主语句到处可见。甚至会出现主语只在开头主现，后面连续的动词都没有的情况。这在英语里是不允许的。英语中除感叹句和部分特殊句式外，句子最基本的成分就是主语+谓语，即名词（或相当于名词的词或词组、句子）+动词。这句话在汉语里可以一句说出，但在英语里却要分别说成 3 个句子。“尊称”一词，由于对孔子来说是被动的，所以用被动语态构成，除 respectfully as 外，还可用 honored as第第 1 1 句：句： 孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊

3、称为古代的圣人（sage）。Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient sage.第第 2 2句：句： 他的言论和生平活动记录在论语（The Analects）一书中。言论，即说过的话，用 words 足矣，不可用 speech 或 speaking. “生平活动”指的是孔子一生的行迹，life story 很可以反映出来。千万不可画蛇添足，译成 th

4、e activities through his whole life.His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. 第第 3 3句：句： 论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。这句里的重要句型，就是对产生影响。这个结构我们学过多个了。比如 have a great influence on have a great effect on have a great impact on 就动词来说，affect 作主语通常是物而不是人，指一物对另一物产生的消极影响。 The tax incr

5、eases have affected us all. 加税已经影响了我们所有的人。简明英汉词典 The dampness began to affect my health. 潮气开始影响我的健康。新牛津英汉双解大词典 Your attitude will affect how successful you are. 你的态度会影响你成功的程度。新牛津英汉双解大词典第第 3 3句：句： 论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。influence 侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。 The labour enthus

6、iasm of the workers strongly influenced us. 工人们的劳动热情强烈地感染了我们。简明英汉词典 Its all too easy to be influenced by our parents. 我们容易受父母的影响。简明英汉词典 The weather influences crops. 天气影响农作物。第第 3 3句：句： 论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。impact 是不及物动词，对某物有强烈影响（have a strong effect）（+on） High interest rates have

7、impacted on retail spending. 高利率对零售消费产生了剧烈的影响。新牛津英汉双解大词典 These costs will impact on our profitability. 这些费用会影响到我们的利润。简明英汉词典第第 3 3句：句： 论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。另：have an effect / influence / impact on 对有影响 The surroundings in which a child grows up may have an effect on his development

8、. 小孩生长的环境会影响他的发展。 He has an active influence over the community. 他对这个社团有很强的影响力。 Technology has had an irreversible impact on society. 技术已对社会产生不可逆转的影响。第第 3 3句：句： 论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。后来的历代的，除了可以用 .come after sb.之外，还可以用前面翻译的句子中 加一小定语从语 that followed. 这个显得更加地道和简炼一些。【小常识】man of letter

9、s 虽然可指文学家，但它的词义较宽，统称作”学者（scholar）较妥。因此，writer 足可以称为文学家了。“政治家”一词英语中有 politician 和 statesman 两种形式，但由于 politician 带有贬义，有“政客”即“玩弄政治的人”之义，因此选用 statesman 这个中性词。第第 3 3句：句： 论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the t

10、hinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius.第第 4 4句：句： 不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。不.就不能.：这个结构一望而知是个特殊的双重否定句型。显然“不研究论语”中含有一个否定词。又，这句话是个典型的无主语句，需要加上主语或者采用忽略主语的被动语态形式。因此，这句话既可以翻译成 Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture

11、，也可以用被动语态译成：Without studying this book, the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture could hardly be truly understood. 这里，前一个否定词用了 without,后面用的 hardly 而没有用表达绝对意义的否定词 no 或者半否定词 not, 是呼应了“真正”一词的隐藏意义。同时，without 做介词使“研究”一词以动名词形式出现，使本来两个谓语的小句变成了一个谓语，节省了句子结构，使句子更加紧凑。第第 4 4句：句： 不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文

12、化。Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture.第第 5 5句：句： 孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。Much of Confucius thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. profound 用词比 lasting 更加正式。注意下习

13、惯表达，“教育思想”,可以表达为 educational thought,但突出的重点与 his thought on education 不完全相同，就意译来说，后者比前者更地道。第第 6 6句：句： 在 21 世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international com

14、munity. 注意， “受到重视”可译 为 win an increasing attention from 和 retain the attention of 或者gain increasing emphasis ,更简单的表达可说 be valued for . retain 本义是保持，保留，正好用于表达国人本就重视孔子学说的含义，可谓准确。Translation:Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respec

15、tfully referred to as an ancient sage. His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly

16、understand the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attenti

17、on from the international community. 第1句：Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基础) of modern Western philosophy. 主干部分：Socrates was a philosopher. 小定语： classical Greek 定语从句：who is credited with laying the fundamentals of modern Western philosophy 表达法

18、： be credited with : 认为某人有某事物； 把归功于；被认为；归功于 例：Watt should be credited with inventing the steam engine. 人们把蒸汽机的发明归功于瓦特. lay the fundamentals of= lay the foundation of 为奠定基础。注意， fundamentals,多指理论基础，从最基本的底层理论开始。而 foundation则不强调这层意思。第2句：He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of lat

19、er classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato.主干：He is a figure. 小定语：mysterious 大定语：known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato. 是过去分词后置定语。through 后面的是介词through 的宾语，与介词through合在一起做过去分词known 的

20、方式状语。especially 连接的两个名词性短语，the account of later classical writers, the writings of his most famous student Plato. 这两个名词短语在形式上是并列的，但在内容上却是递进的，后者是前者的一部分具体化。最后那个Plato是student的同位语。 提示：注意classical 和classic 的区别前者是“古典的”，后者是“经典的，典范的”第3句：Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of eth

21、ics. be known for: 以著称；因为.而有名。 contribution to 对有贡献。（由contribute to 变来）第4句：His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. 此句较为复杂，主干部分：His method o

22、f teachingremains a tool. known as the Socratic Method, 过去分词做同位语，解释前面的method of teaching; by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas 做方式状语，to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas 为两个不定式短并列做前面asking 和answering 两个动名词的共同宾语questions的补语。 commonly use

23、d 是tool 的小定语，后面in a wide range of discussions 是介词短语做状语。第5句：He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology (认识 论) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. 这句话由两个并列分句构成。第一个是He also made impor

24、tant and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology. make contributions to : 为做出贡献。 lasting 这里是形容词，意思是深远的，持久的。第二个分句是 the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. 这个分句的主干是the influence remains a foundation. of his ideas and approach 是介词短语做后置定语，修饰the influence; that followed 是小定语从句，修饰Western philosophy,可以看成汉语里一个词：后来的，接下来的。第6句：Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. 这句话比较简单，注意colorful figure 的