高考英语第二轮复习名师精编阅读理解详解(四)

1、高考英语第二轮复习名师精编阅读理解详解ASandraCisneroswasborninChicagoin1954toaMexicanAmericanfamily.Astheonlygirlinafamilyofsevenchildren,sheoftenfeltlikeshehad“sevenfathers”,becausehersixbrothers,aswellasherfather,triedtocontrolher.Feelingshyandunimportant,sheretreated（朵避）intobooks.Despiteherloveofreading,shedidnotdo

2、wellinelementaryschoolbecauseshewastooshytoparticipate.Inhighschool,withtheencouragementofoneparticularteacher,Cisnerosimprovedhergradesandworkedfortheschoolliterarymagazine.Herfatherencouragedhertogotocollegebecauseherthoughtitwouldbeagoodwayforhertofindahusband.Cisnerosdidattendcollege,butinsteado

3、fsearchingforahusband,shefoundateacherwhohelpedherjointhefamousgraduatewritingprogramattheUniversityofIowa.AttheuniversitysWritersWorkshop,however,shefeltlonelyaMexicanAmericanfromapoorneighborhoodamongstudentsfromwealthyfamilies.ThefeelingofbeingsodifferenthelpedCisnerosfindher“Creativevoice.”“Itwa

4、snotuntilthismomentwhenIconsideredmyselftrulydifferentthatmywritingacquiredavoice.IknewIwasaMexicanwoman,butIdidntthinkithadanythingtodowithwhyIfeltsomuchimbalanceinmylife,butithadeverythingtodowithit!ThatswhenIdecidedIwouldwriteaboutsomethingmyclassmatescouldntwriteabout.”Cisnerospublishedherfirstw

5、ork,TheHouseonMangoStreet,whenshewastwenty-nine.ThebooktellsaboutayoungMexicanAmericangirlgrowingupinaSpanish-speakingareainChicago,muchliketheneighborhoodsinwhichCisneroslivedasachild.Thebookwonanawardin1985andhasbeenusedinclassesfromhighschoolthroughgraduateschoollevel.Sincethen,Cisneroshaspublish

6、edseveralbooksofpoetry,achildrensbook,andashort-storycollection.1. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutCisnerosinherchildhood?A. Shehadsevenbrothers.B. Shefeltherselfanobody.C. Shewastooshytogotoschool.D. Shedidnothaveanygoodteachers.2. ThegraduateprogramgaveCisnerosachanceto.A. workforaschoolmagazineB. r

7、unawayfromherfamilyC. makealotoffriendsD. developherwritingstyle3. AccordingtoCisneros,whatplayedthedecisiveroleinhersuccess?A. Herearlyyearsincollege.B. HertrainingintheWorkshop.C. Herfeelingofbeingdifferent.D. Herchildhoodexperience.4. WhatdowelearnaboutTheHouseonMangoStree?tA. Itisquitepopularamo

8、ngstudents.B. ItistheonlybookeverwrittenbyCisneros.C. ItwasntsuccessasitwaswritteninSpanish.D. ItwonanawardwhenCisneroswastwenty-nine.BIlovecharity（慈善）shopsandsodolotsofotherpeopleinBritainbecauseyoufindquiteafewofthemoneveryhighstreet.ThecharityshopisaBritishinstitution,sellingeverythingfromclothes

9、toelectricgoods,allatverygoodprices.Youcangetthingsyouwontfindintheshopsanymore.ThethingIlikebestaboutthemisthatyourmoneyisgoingtoagoodcauseandnotintothepocketsofprofit-drivencompanies,andyouarenotdamagingtheplanet,butfindinganewhomeforunwantedgoods.Thefirstcharityshopwasopenedin1947byOxfam.Thefamou

10、scharitysappealtoaidpostwarGreecehadbeensosuccessfulithadbeenfloodedwithdonations（JW贝曾物）.Theydecidedtosetupashoptosellsomeofthesedonationstoraisemoneyforthatappeal.Nowthereareover7,000charityshopsintheUK.MyfavouritecharityshopinmyhometownistheRedCrossshop,whereIalwaysfindchildrensbooks,all10or20penc

11、eeach.Mostofthepeopleworkinginthecharityshopsarevolunteers,althoughthereisoftenamanagerwhogetspaid.Over90%ofthegoodsinthecharityshopsaredonatedbythepublic.Everymorningyouseebagsofunwanteditemsoutsidethefrontofshops,althoughtheydontencouragethis,ratheraskpeopletobringthingsinwhentheshopisopen.Theshop

12、shaveverylowrunningcosts:allprofitsgotocharitywork.Charityshopsraisemorethan110millionayear,funding（资助）medicalresearch,overseasaid,supportingsickandpoorchildren,homelessanddisabledpeople,andmuchmore.Whatbetterplacetospendyourmoney?Yougetsomethingspecialforaverygoodpriceandagoodmoralsense.Youprovidef

13、undstoagoodcauseandtreadlightlyontheenvironment.5. Theauthorlovesthecharityshopmainlybecauseof.A. itsconvenientlocationB. itsgreatvarietyofgoodsC. itsspiritofgoodwillD. itsniceshoppingenvironment6. ThefirstcharityshopintheUKwassetupto.A. sellcheapproductsB. dealwithunwantedthingsC. raisemoneyforpati

14、entsD. helpaforeigncountry7. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutcharityshops?A. Theoperatingcostsareverylow.B. Thestaffareusuallywellpaid.C. 90%ofthedonationsaresecond-hand.D. Theyareopentwenty-fourhoursaday.8. Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A. WhattoBuyaCharityShops.B. CharityShop:Its

15、Origin&Development.C. CharityShop:WhereYouBuytoDonate.D. ThePublicsConcernaboutCharityShops.CMichaelFishmaysoonbereplacedasaweatherforecasterbysomethingtrulyfishier-theshark（鲨鱼）.ResearchbyaBritishbiologystudentsuggeststhatsharkscouldbeusedtopredictstorms.LaurenSmith,24,isclosetocompletingherstudyons

16、harksabilitytosensepressure.Ifherstudiesprovethetheory,scientistsmaybeabletomonitorthebehaviourofsharkstopredictbadweather.MissSmithhadpreviouslystudiedthebehaviouroflemonsharksintheBahamas.Shethenusedtheircloserelatives,lesserspotteddogfish,forfurtherresearchatAberdeenUniversity.Herwork-thoughttobe

17、thefirstofitskindtotestthepressuretheoryresultedfromtheobservationthatjuvenileblacktipsharksoffFloridamovedintodeeperwateraheadofaviolentstormin2001.MissSmithsaid:“Ivealwaysbeencrazyabouttravelinganddivingandthisledmetoaninterestinsharks”.“Iwasdelightedtohavebeenabletoresearchintheareaformydegree.Ik

18、nowtheressomuchmoreweneedtounderstandbutitcertainlyopensthewaytomoreresearch”.Ithasbeendiscoveredthatasharksensespressureusinghaircellsinitsbalancesystem.AttheBiminiSharkLabintheBahamas,MissSmithfixedhi-techsensorstosharkstorecordpressureandtemperature,whilealsotrackingthemusingGPS（GlobalPositioning

19、System）technology.InAberdeen,shewasabletostudytheeffectsoftidal（潮汐的）andtemperaturechangesondogfishnoneofwhichwereharmed.Shealsousedaspeciallabwhichcanmimic（模拟）oceanicpressurechangescausedbyweatherfronts.Sheisduetocompleteherstudyandgraduatelaterthisyear.Shesaysshewillbelookingforajobwhichwillgiveher

20、thechancetoenrichherexperienceofsharkresearch.9. Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom.A. ashort-storycollectionB. apopularsciencemagazineC. aresearchpaperD. apersonaldiary10. Whatdowelearnfromthefirstfourparagraphofthepassage?A. Sharksmaybeusedtopredictbadweather.B. Sharksbehaviourcanbecontrolled.C. Mi

21、chaelFishisnotqualifiedforhisjob.D. LaurenSmithwillbecomeaweatherforecaster.11. LaurenSmithconductedherresearchby.A. removinghaircellsfromasharksbalancesystemB. measuringtheairpressureofweatherfrontsC. recordingsharksbodytemperatureD. monitoringsharksreactiontoweatherchanges12. Whatisthepassagemainl

22、yabout?A. Apopularwayofforecastingweather.B. Anewresearcheffortinpredictingstorms.C. Biologistsinterestinthesecretsofsharks.D. LaurenSmithsdevotiontoscientificresearch.DWecanachieveknowledgeeitheractivelyorpassively（被动地）.Weachieveitactivelybydirectexperience,bytestingandprovinganidea,orbyreasoning.W

23、eachieveknowledgepassivelybybeingtoldbysomeoneelse.MostofthelearningthattakesplaceintheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVorreadnewspapersormagazinesispassive.Conditionedaswearetopassivelearning,itnotsurprisingthatwedependonitinoureverydaycommunicationwithfriendsandco-workers.Unfortunately,p

24、assivelearninghasaseriousproblem.Itmakesustendtoacceptwhatwearetoldevenwhenitislittlemorethanhearsayandrumor（iSI言）.DidyoueverplaythegameRumor?Itbeginswhenonepersonwritesdownamessagebutdoesntshowittoanyone.Thenthepersonwhispersit,wordforword,toanotherperson.Thatperson,inturn,whispersittostillanother,

25、andsoon,throughallthepeopleplayingthegame.Thelastpersonwritesdownthemessagewordforwordasheorshehearsit.Thenthetwowrittenstatementsarecompared.Typically,theoriginalmessagehaschanged.Thatswhathappensindailylife.Thesimplefactthatpeoplerepeatastoryintheirownwordschangesthestory.Then,too,mostpeoplelisten

26、imperfectly.Andmanyenjoyaddingtheirowncreativetouchtoastory,tryingtoimproveonit,stamping（打上标记）itwiththeirownpersonalstyle.Yetthosewhohearitthinktheyknow.Thisprocessisalsofoundamongscholarsandauthors:Astatementofopinionbyonewritermaybere-statedasfactbyanother,whomayinturnbequotedbyyetanother;andthisp

27、rocessmaycontinue,unlessitoccurstosomeonetoquestionthefactsonwhichtheoriginalwriterbasedhisopinionortochallengetheinterpretationheplaceduponthosefacts.13.Accordingtothepassage,passivelearningmayoccurin.A. doingamedicalexperimentB. solvingamathproblemC. visitinganexhibitionD. doingscientificreasoning

28、14. Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refersto.A. activelearningB. knowledgeC. communicationD. passivelearning15. TheauthormentionsthegameRumortoshowthat.A. amessagemaybechangedwhenbeingpassedonB. amessageshouldbedeliveredindifferentwaysC. peoplemayhaveproblemswiththeirsenseofhearingD. peopletendnott

29、obelieveinwhattheyknowasrumor16. Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A. Activelearningislessimportant.B. Passivelearningmaynotbereliable.C. Activelearningoccursmorefrequently.D. Passivelearningisnotfoundamongscholars.EAskids,myfriendsandIspentalotoftimeoutinthewoods.“Thewoods”wasourpart-timeaddress,destina

30、tion,purpose,andexcuse.IfIwenttoafriendshouseandfoundhimnotathome,hismothermightsay,“Oh,hesoutinthewoods,”withatone（语气）ofairyacceptance.ItssimilartothetonepeoplesometimesusenowadaystotellmethatsomeoneImlookingforisonthegolfcourseoratthegym,oreven“awayfromhisdesk.”Forusten-year-olds,“beingoutinthewoo

31、ds”wasjustanexcusetodowhateverwefeellikeforawhile.Wesometimestoldourselvesthatwhatweweredoinginthewoodswasexploring（探索）.Exploringwasamorepopularideabackthenthanitistoday.Historyseemedtobemostlyaboutexplorers.Ourexplorations,though,seemedtohavelesssystemthanthehistorickind:somethingusuallycameupalong

32、theway.Saywestayedinthewoods,throwingrocks,shootingfrogs,pickingblackberries,digginginwhatwewerebrieflypersuadedwasanItalianburialmound.Oftenwegot“lost”andhadtoclimbatreetofindoutwherewewere.Ifyoureadastoryinwhichsomeonedoesthatsuccessfully,beskeptical:thetopmostbranchesareusuallytooskinnytoholdweig

33、ht,andwecouldneverclimbhighenoughtoseeanythingexceptothertrees.Therewerefourorfivetreesthatwevisitedregularly-tallbeeches,easytoclimbandcomfortabletositin.Itwasinatree,too,thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanend.Bythensomeofushasreachedseventhgradeandhadbeguntheroughrideofadolescenceff春期）.In

34、March,themonthwhenweusuallytooktothewoodsagainafterwinter,twofriendsandIsetouttogoexploring.Weclimbedatree,andallofasuddenitoccurredtoallthreeofusatthesametimethatwerereallywereratherbigtobeupinatree.SoontherewouldbethespringdancesonFridayeveningsinthehighschoolcafeteria.17. Theauthorandhisfiendswer

35、eoftenoutinthewoodsto.A. spendtheirfreetimeB. playgoldandothersportsC. avoiddoingtheirschoolworkD. keepawayfromtheirparents18. WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A. Theactivitiesinthewoodswerewellplanned.B. Humanhistoryisnottheresultofexploration.C.Explorationshouldbeasystematicactivity.D.Theauthorexplore

36、dinthewoodsaimlessly.19. TheunderlinedwordSkeptical”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.A. calmB. doubtfulC. seriousD. optimistic20. Howdoestheauthorfeelabouthischildhood?A. Happybutshort.B. Lonelybutmemorable.C. Boringandmeaningless.D. Longandunforgettable.(A)本篇文章为我们介绍了一个人物一一有一个害羞的小女孩成为知名作家的故事，着重描述了她独

37、特写作风格形成的原因.1.B事实细节题。由第一段的第三句话感到害羞，不重要，她躲到书本中可知应选nobody不重要的人，小人物从文中第一段的第二句提到她有6个哥哥，可删除A由文中第二段第一句可知D项不正确。2. D事实细节题。由第二段最后两句在大学的文学社，她感到孤独这种与别人不同的认知帮助她找到了她的独创声音即写作风格可推知D项正确。3. C事实细节题。由第三段第一句她所说的直到我认识到我真的与众不同我的写作才获得声音可得知C项正确。4. A事实细节题。由第四段第二句hasbeenusedinclassesfromhighschoolthroughgraduateschoollevel(这本

38、书从高中到大学的课上都被使用)可知A项正确。由最后一段可知B项中的only不正确。C项是逻辑错误。由最后一段的前两句可知D项不正确。(B)本文主要介绍了慈善商店的基本特色以及慈善商店的创建与发展。5. C推理判断题。由第一段第四句ThethingIlikebestaboutthemisthatyourmoneyisgoingtoagoodcause我最喜欢慈善商店的一点是你的钱用于有用的事业可推断出C项为正确答案。goodwill含义为好意6. D事实细节题。由第二段第二、三两句thefamouscharitysappealtoaidpostwarGreecehadbeensosuccessf

39、ul可知第一个慈善商店的建立是为了筹钱援助战后的希腊。而从文章的第一段可知作者是英国人。因此，D项正确。C项中的patients未提。7. A事实细节题。由第四段第一句Theshopshaveverylowrunningcosts可知A项正确。running相当于operating”含义为“运营由第三段第一句中volunteer（志愿者）可知B项不正确。由第三段第二句可知慈善商店中90必上的商品为公众捐赠，但并不能推出是“二手货，故C项不正确。D项未提8. C主旨大意题。本文的最后一句为主题句。由agoodmoralsense（好的道德感）和Youprovidefundstoagoodcaus

40、e（你为一项有意义的事业提供资金）”可知C项为最好题目。CharityShop：WhereYouBuyToDonate.（慈善商店一个买东西就相当于捐款的地方。）（C）本文为科普类文章，介绍了一位英国生物系学生对于鲨鱼来预测暴风雨的研究。9.B推理判断题。本题适宜用排除法。由文章内容来看这是一篇科普文，A、D可删除，由文章的语言来看，并未出现大量的专业术语，可删除Caresearchpaper（科研论文）10.A推理判断题。由第一段和第四段可知，前四段所要表达的含义为Ifherstudiesprovethetheory,scientistsmaybeabletomonitorthebehavi

41、orofSharkstopredictbadweather.（科学家们可以通过监视鲨鱼的行为来预测不好的天气.故A项正确。11 .D事实细节题。由文章倒数第三段可知，MissSmith在鲨鱼身上安装高科技感应器来记录pressure（压力）和temperature（温度），故选D项，C项不全面。12 .B主旨大意题。文章的主旨句为第二段，全文围绕着鲨鱼可能被用来预测天气的研究展开。因此，B项正确。（D）本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了被动获得知识所存在的一个严重的问题一一被告知的可能是谣言。并用现实生活中简单的事例加以说明。13 .C推理判断题。由文章第二段前两句weachieveknowledg

42、epassivelybybeingtoldbysomeelse,intheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVofreadnewspaperormagazinesispassive可知被动学习是指由另U人告知所获得的知识。故选C.A、B、D都是主动学习。14 .D推理判断题。根据it所在句可知这个代词指代的是前句所提的被动学习，句意：在日常生活中依靠被动学习并不奇怪。15 .A推理判断题。通过第四段最后一句可知，原始的含义改变了，例证了第三段提出的论点被动学习使我们接受被告知的事物，甚至有时是谣言。因此A项为正确项。16 .B推理判断题。此题可

43、用排除法。AC两项未提，而由最后一段第一句可知D项不正确。由文章第三段加后几段的例证可推知B项正确。(E)本文描述了小时侯玩耍的树林对与我和朋友们的意义。主要讲述了我们在树林中所从事的活动一一探索，以及之后随着年龄的增长，不再去那里的过程。17. A事实细节题。由文章第一段一、二两句可得到答案。18. D推理判断题。由第二段第三句但是我们的探索与历史上的相比不够系统，有些东西通常都是在沿途中偶然出现的可知，作者探索是aimlessly(无目的的)19. B猜测词义题。由画线词的后一句最高的树枝通常太细以至于不能承重，所以我们从来不能爬到可以看到除了树以外的其它事物。因此，爬到树上找出路是不可信

44、的。20. A推理判断题。从全文看，作者在树林里过的很愉快，又由最后一段可知，当我们一部分人上了七年级之后。我们在树林中的玩耍就结束了。很短暂。因此，正确选项为A.ATwentyyearsago,Idroveataxiforaliving.OnenightIwenttopickupapassengerat2:30AM.WhenIarrivedtocollect,Ifoundthebuildingwasdarkexceptforasinglelightinagroundfloorwindow.answered aI told heIwalkedtothedoorandknocked,“Justa

45、minute,”weak,elderlyvoice.Afteralongpause,thedooropened.Asmallwomaninhereightiesstoodbeforeme.Byhersidewasasmallsuitcase.Itookthesuitcasetothecar,andthenreturnedtohelpthewoman.Shetookmyarmandwewalkedslowlytowardthecar.Shekeptthankingmeformykindness.“Itsnothing,“IjusttrytotreatmypassengersthewayIwoul

46、dwantmymothertreated.”“Oh,yousruechagoodman.”Shesaid.Whenwegotintothetaxi,shegavemeanaddress,andthenasked,“Couldyoudrivethroughdowntown?”“Itsnottheshortestway,”Iansweredquickly.“Oh,Iminnohurry,shesaid.ImonmywOytoahospice（终医院）.Idonthaveanyfamilyleft.ThedoctorsaysIdonthaveverylong.”Iquietlyreachedover

47、andshutoffthemete冲价器）.Forthenexttwohours,wedrovethroughthecity.Sheshowedmethebuildingwhereshehadonceworked,theneighborhoodwhereshehadlived,andthefurnitureshopthathadoncebeenaballroomwhereshehadgonedancingasagirl.Sometimesshedaskmetoslowdowninfrontofaparticularbuildingandwouldsitstaringintothedarknes

48、s,sayingnothing.Atdawn,shesuddenlysaid,”Imtired.Letsgonow.”Wedroveinsilencetotheaddressshehadgivenme.“HowmuchdoIoweyou?”sheasked.“Nothing.”Isaid.“Youhavetomakealiving,”sheanswered.“Oh,thereareotherpassengers,”Ianswered.Almostwithoutthinking,Ibentandgaveherahug.Sheheldontoetightly.Ourhugendedwithherr

49、emark,“Yougaveanoldwomanalittlemomentofjoy.”21. TheoldwomanchosetoridethroughthecityinordertoA. showshewasfamiliarwiththecityB. seesomeplacesforthelasttimeC. letthedriverearnmoremoneyD. reachthedestinationontime22. Thetaxidriverdidnotchargetheoldwomanbecausehe.A. wantedtodoherafavorB. shutoffthemete

50、rbymistakeC. hadreceivedherpaymentinadvanceD. wasinahurrytotakeotherpassengers23. Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A. Givingisalwaysapleasure.B. Peopleshouldrespecteachother.C. Anactofkindnesscanbringpeoplegreatjoy.D. Peopleshouldlearntoappreciateothersconcern.BDomestic（驯养的）horsesnowpullploughs,raceintheK

51、entuckyDerby,andcarrypolice.ButeaiiyhorseswerenttaiHe（服的）enoughtoperformthesekindsoftasks.Scientiststhinkthefirstinteractionshumanshadwithhorseswerefardifferentfromthosetoday.Thousandsofyearsago,peoplekilledthewildhorsesthatlivedaroundthemforfood.Overtime,peoplebegantocatchtheanimalsandraisethem.Thi

52、swasthefirststepindomestication.Aspeoplebegantotameandridehorses,theychosetokeepthoseanimalsthathadmoredesirablecharacteristics.Forexample,peoplemayhavechosentokeephorsesthathadagentlepersonalitysotheycouldberiddenmoreeasily.Peoplewhousedhorsestopullheavyloadswouldhavechosentokeepstrongeranimals.Cha

53、racteristicslikestrengtharepartlycontrolledbytheanimalsgenes.Soasthedomesticatedhorsesreproduced,theypassedthecharacteristicsontotheiryoung.Eachnewgenerationofhouseswouldshowmoreofthesechosencharacteristics.Moderndayhorsebreedscomeinawidevarietyofshapesandsizes.Thisvarietydidntexistinthehorsepopulat

54、ionbeforedomestication.TheShetlandhorseisoneofthesmallestbreedstypicallyreachingonlyonemetertall.Withshort,stronglegs,theanimalswerebredtopullcoaloutofmineshaftST（井）withlowceilings.HugehorsesliketheClydesdalecameonthescenearound1700.Peoplebredtheseheavy,tallhorsestopulllargevehiclesusedforcarryinghe

55、avyloads.Thedomesticationofhorseshashadgreateffectsonsocieties.Forexample,horsewereimportanttoolsintheadvancementofmodernagriculture.Usingthemtopullploughsandcarryheavyloadsallowedpeopletofarmmoreefficiently.Beforetheywereabletoridehorses,humanshadtocrosslandonfoot.Ridinghorsesallowedpeopletotravelf

56、argreaterdistanceinmuchlesstime.Thatencouragedpopulationslivingindifferentareastointeractwithoneanother.Thenewfromofrapidtransportationhelpedculturesspreadaroundtheworld.24. Beforedomesticationhorseswere.A. caughtforsportsB. huntedforfoodC. madetopullploughsD. usedtocarrypeople25. TheauthorusestheSh

57、etlandhorseasanexampletoshowA. itissmallerthantheClydesdalehorseB. horseusedtohavegentlepersonalitiesC. somehorseshavebettershapedthanothersD. horseswereoflessvarietybeforedomestication26. HorsescontributedtothespreadofculturebyA. carryingheavyloadsB. changingfarmingmethodsC. servingasameansoftransportD. advancingagricultureindifferentareas27. Thepassageismainlyabout.A. whyhumansdomesticatedhorsesB. howhumansandhorsesneededeachotherC. whyhorsescameindifferentshapesandsizesD. howhumansocietiesandhorsesinfluencedeachotherCDearHamilton,Wearefortunatethatinsuchalarge,high