英语常见修辞手法介绍

1、英语常见修辞手法介绍英语常见修辞手法介绍TA 裴心语 09323490 方榆 09323300 岳文洋 09323418Personification（拟人）（拟人）: It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予赋予) to inanimate(无生无生命的命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象抽象). Eg: The wind whistled through the trees. Irony: (反语）反语） It is a f

2、igure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense.For instance: We are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good. 英语中几种不同的比喻英语中几种不同的比喻1.明喻明喻(the simile)明喻通常是把被比喻的明喻通常是把被比喻的本体本体和用以比喻的和用以比喻的喻体喻体同

3、时说同时说出出,说明本体事物像喻体事物说明本体事物像喻体事物,表示表示好像好像意思的比喻说法意思的比喻说法就叫明喻就叫明喻.如如:as clear as crystal清如水晶清如水晶.2.隐喻隐喻(the metaphor)隐喻是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征隐喻是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式示另一事物的比喻方式.本体和喻体之间不用比喻词本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是只是在暗中打比方在暗中打比方.如如:Argument is war.实际上实际上argument和和war是两种不同的事物是两种不同的事物,前者是口语谈论前者是口语谈论,后者是武装

4、冲突后者是武装冲突.但但argument和和war都可能十分激烈都可能十分激烈,因此该句用战争因此该句用战争(war)来暗指辩论来暗指辩论(argument)激烈的程度激烈的程度.又如又如:He has a heart of stone.他铁石心肠他铁石心肠.还有许多隐喻成语如还有许多隐喻成语如:to teach fish to swim班门弄斧班门弄斧;to plough the sand白费力气白费力气 .3.转喻转喻(the metonymy)转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物它根本不说出本体事物,直接直接用比喻事物代替本体事物用比喻事物代替本体事

5、物.例如例如:The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里这里buses 喻指司机喻指司机drivers).英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字,除本义外除本义外,常常可转借喻人可转借喻人,形象生动形象生动,意味隽永意味隽永.例如例如:She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花她是一个交际花(以虫喻人以虫喻人).4.借喻借喻(figurativeness)借喻是用一个事物来指代与它关系密切的另一个事物借喻是用一个事物来指代与它关系密切的另一个事物.借喻借喻中只出现喻体

6、中只出现喻体,而不出现本体而不出现本体,即用喻体替代本体即用喻体替代本体.借喻中使用借喻中使用替代词的意义是它的转义替代词的意义是它的转义,而不是本义而不是本义.它着眼于两种事物之它着眼于两种事物之间的联系间的联系,而非二者的相似性而非二者的相似性.例如例如:He was most furious when he found that his wife had kept a secret purse. 他他发现妻子存有私房钱发现妻子存有私房钱,非常愤怒非常愤怒.这里的这里的secret purse指与之指与之有密切联系的有密切联系的 私房钱私房钱.secret purse与与私房钱私房钱的联系

7、在的联系在于于:钱包是用来装钱的钱包是用来装钱的 5.提喻提喻(synecdoche)提喻与借喻相似提喻与借喻相似,也是用一种事物也是用一种事物替代另一事物替代另一事物,句中只出现喻体句中只出现喻体,而而不出现本体不出现本体.但是但是,借喻中二事物有借喻中二事物有密切的联系密切的联系,而提喻中两事物则体而提喻中两事物则体现于同一体中现于同一体中,是部分与整体的关是部分与整体的关系系,是是包含包含与与覆盖覆盖的关系的关系.例例如如:Yet there were some stout hearts who attempted resistance.但是也有些胆大的人但是也有些胆大的人试图抵抗试图抵

8、抗.用人的一部分用人的一部分heart代替代替人人,是用部分代替整体的情况是用部分代替整体的情况.委婉语（委婉语（Euphemism）是人类语言使用过程中的一种普遍现）是人类语言使用过程中的一种普遍现象，是人们谈论那些令人不快或尴尬的事情时，所使用的较为象，是人们谈论那些令人不快或尴尬的事情时，所使用的较为礼貌的说法。它是一种修辞格，更是一种文化现象。于委婉语礼貌的说法。它是一种修辞格，更是一种文化现象。于委婉语在英语中应用比较广泛，在英语中应用比较广泛，在社会生活中，委婉语的应用较为普遍。中国人不讳言在社会生活中，委婉语的应用较为普遍。中国人不讳言“老老”，年纪稍大一点的人在一起甚至互相比谁

9、更年纪稍大一点的人在一起甚至互相比谁更“老老”。而在西方，。而在西方，没有没有“老人老人”（old people），有的只是），有的只是senior citizen或或the longer-lived，有，有mature golden age进出进出evergreen clubs。这是因为中国社会崇尚尊老，认为老人经验丰富，是智慧的象这是因为中国社会崇尚尊老，认为老人经验丰富，是智慧的象征。相反，西方社会人一旦变老，就意味着要被逐出主流社会，征。相反，西方社会人一旦变老，就意味着要被逐出主流社会，表示对社会无用了，因此，人人讳言表示对社会无用了，因此，人人讳言“老老”。相应的，退休的。相应的，

10、退休的人人retired people contrast（对照）（对照） and comparison (对比对比) Lexical Stylistic Devices (词义修词义修辞格辞格)Whats their difference?Look at the following paragraph: (pay attention to the italics【斜体】【斜体】)Even though Arizona and Rhode Island are both states of the U.S., they are strikingly different in many ways.

11、 For example, the physical size of each state is different. Arizona is large, having an area of 114,000 square miles, whereas Rhode Island is only about a tenth the size, having an area of only 1,214 square miles. Another difference is in the size of the population of each state. Arizona has about f

12、our million people living in it, but Rhode Island has less than one million. The two states also differ in the kinds of natural environments that each has. For example, Arizona is a very dry state, consisting of large desert areas that do not receive much rainfall every year. However, Rhode Island i

13、s located in a temperate zone and receives an average of 44 inches of rain per year. In addition, while Arizona is a landlocked state and thus has no seashore, Rhode Island lies on the Atlantic Ocean and does have a significant coastline.This is a contrast paragraph . It discusses the differences be

14、tween (at least) two thingsLook at the following paragraph: (pay attention to the words underlined) My hometown and my college town have several things in common. First, both are small rural communities. For example, my hometown, Gridlock, has a population of only about 10,000 people. Similarly, my

15、college town, Subnormal, consists of about 11,000 local residents. This population swells to 15,000 people when the college students are attending classes. A second way in which these two towns are similar is that they are both located in rural areas. Gridlock is surrounded by many acres of farmland which is devoted m