人教版必修五第三单元语法及作文

1、过去分词作状语（adverbial modifier） 民族中学 主讲：穆学贵核心归纳Grammar:过去分词过去分词作状语和定语的基本用法考点一 过去分词作状语概述过去分词作状语，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况。其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且与主语之间构成逻辑上的“动宾关系”，即“被动关系”。过去分词短语作条件、原因以及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。核心归纳核心归纳核心归纳核心归纳过去分词作状语的注意点1)过去分词作状语时,前面往往可有when,i

2、f,while,though,even if等连词,这样就能使过去分词所表示的意义更加明确。这种带有连词的过去分词结构通常可看作是一种省略句,句中省略的部分是“主语+be动词的相应变化形式”,省略的主语通常与主句的主语相同。Though defeated for a second time,he still didnt give in.(=Though he was defeated for a second time,he still didnt give in.)他虽然又一次被击败,但仍不屈服。 Even if invited,I wont go.(=Even if I am invite

3、d,I wont go.)即使被邀请,我也不去。核心归纳2)过去分词作状语时,有时它的逻辑主语不是主句的主语,而是不同于主句主语的名词,构成“过去分词独立结构”。过去分词独立结构可在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、伴随状况等。The house painted white,we liked it better.房子漆成白色后,我们更加喜欢它了。His work finished,he left the office.完成工作,他离开了办公室。核心归纳过去分词作定语概述一般来说,过去分词作定语时含有“完成”和“被动”的双重意义。但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。

4、如:boiled water(开水);fallen leaves(落叶);risen sun(升起的太阳)等。The tall man is a returned student.高个子的那个男人是个回国留学生。My parents are both retired teachers.我的父母都是退休教师。 考点四 过去分词作定语的注意点核心归纳 .与状语从句的转换 1)过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when, while或after等引导的状语从句。 Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. When it

5、is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。 2)作条件状语，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的状语从句。 Given more time, she would certainly have done much better. If she had been given more time, she would certainly have done much better. 如果有更多时间的话，她一定会干得更好些。 3)作原因状语，可转换为as, since

6、或because等引导的状语从句。 The children, exhausted, fell asleep at once. As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once. 由于劳累，孩子们很快就睡着了。 4)作让步状语，可转换为although, though或even if等引导的状语从句。 Although exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our

7、journey. 我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。5)作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。6)作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter.Aunt Wu came in, and (she) was followed by her daughter.吴大

8、娘走进来，(她)后面跟着她的女儿。 1)现在分词与过去分词作状语在“逻辑”方面的差异： 现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语最主要的区别在于两者与所修饰的主语是主动还是被动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知

9、如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 2)现在分词与过去分词作状语在“时间”方面的差异： 过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动”动作，常常和表示次数的短语以及时间段(for短语)连用，此时不能被过去分词所替换。其他情况下通常被过去分词所替换，使句式更简洁。 Written in a hurry, this articl

10、e was not so good! 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 Reading carefully, he found something he had not known before. 他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。 Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made. 进行了几次讨论之后，终于作出了决定。3)部分过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(陷入某种状态)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stat

11、ioned(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。 Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。4)过去分词用作状语时，前面往往带有when, if, while, though, even if等连词，这样就能使过去分词所表示的意义更加明确。这种带有连词的过去分词结构通常可

12、看作是一种省略句，句中省略的部分总是“主语be的相应变化形式”，省略的主语通常与主句的主语相同。When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.当你做体检时要保持镇定。Because beaten twice a day, he was too afraid to go home.因为一天被打了两次，他太恐惧了以至于不敢回家。 5)分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致；否则分词(短语)就要有自己的逻辑主语(用名词或代词的主格来表示)。这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时，其作

13、用分别相当于一个时间、条件、原因状语从句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。 The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出，汽车就开动了。 The football match (being) over, crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球赛一结束，人群便涌到了大街上。 帮学助记 分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用ing, 被动用ed, having done表先后，千万要牢记。核心归纳活学活用语法填空1)(translate) into Englis

14、h,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 2)With the programme not (complete),they have to stay there for another two weeks. 3)Unless (ask) to speak,you should remain silent at the meeting. 4)(found) in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of a

15、rt. 5)A great number of students (question) said they were forced to practise the piano. Translated completed asked Founded questioned 核心归纳6)Though (surprise) to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome. 7)In some languages,100 words make up half of all words(use) in daily conversations. 8)Time,(

16、use) correctly,is money in the bank. 9)Film has a much shorter history,especially when (compare) to such art forms as music and painting. 10)After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope (provide). 11)The (injure)workers are now being taken good care of in the hospita

17、l. 12)They are cleaning the (fall)leaves in the yard. surprised used used compared provided injured fallen 核心归纳13)(encourage)by the speech,the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 14)(seat)at the table,my father and I were talking about my job. 15)(guide)by these principles,they

18、 went on with the work. 16)(delight)with her work,they made her the general manager. 17)(build)in 1192,the bridge is over 800 years old. 18)(face) with so much difficulty,they failed to finish the work on time. 19)(base) on a true story,the film is popular. 20)(dress) in a white uniform,he looks mor

19、e like a cook than a doctor. Encouraged Seated Guided Delighted Built Faced Based Dressed -23-Section Writing如何写想象类作文如何写想象类作文随着科技的发展,未来人们的生活、学习、医疗、交通等方式都将会发生翻天覆地的变化。我们可以充分发挥想象力,畅想未来的生活情景。用英语描述未来生活的作文属于想象类作文。想象类作文不但考查学生的语言能力,而且对学生的想象力、发散思维等有更高的要求。1.审题文体:描写性记叙文;时态:以一般将来时为主。2.注意事项想象要合情合理,在展望未来的同时,要清楚地了

20、解当今社会的发展状况,要科学地描写未来的发展趋势;写作目的要明确,段落叙述始终围绕主题展开,避免与主题无关的内容;在写作过程中,合理使用连接词,使文章衔接更加自然。1.Sometimes I dream about life in the future.我有时梦想未来的生活。2.Maybe in the future we can travel in space.或许在将来我们能在太空旅行。3.With the development of science and technology,our life in the future will surely become more colorfu

21、l.随着科学与技术的发展,在未来我们的生活一定会更加丰富多彩。4.There is a possibility that human beings will live on the moon.人类有可能会生活在月球上。5.I am curious about future life.对未来的生活我充满了好奇。6.In my opinion,the dream will become a reality/come true one day.我认为,终有一天梦想会成为现实。7.What will life be like in the future?未来的生活会是什么样的?8.Life in th

22、e future will be much better than now.未来的生活一定会比现在更美好。Life in the futureWith the development of science and technology,our life in the future will surely become . In the future,more will appear,and people will .All in all,people will lead a life in the future. The life in the future will also be .Mor

23、e will be invented;different are used to as fast as possible. will replace because they are more efficient and are accepted by more people. In the future there will be no ,and everyone will enjoy a happy life.At that time people will have more means of .For example,. This is the future life that I d

24、ream of.英语课堂上,老师让同学们畅想未来的笔会是什么样的。请根据以下提示,以“Future pens”为题,用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。1.笔杆里面装有微型电脑,并配备屏幕;2.具有难字提示、错字警告及坐姿提醒功能,可以自动修复,环保耐用。参考词汇:笔杆penholder;坐姿sitting position;耐用的durable参考范文:Future pensWith the development of science and technology,more advanced pens will appear.There is a possibility that future

25、 pens will be highly intelligent with a microcomputer in the penholder,on which stands a small screen.When you come across an unfamiliar word,just read the word to the screen instead of referring to a dictionary,and the word will appear on the screen.Also,they will sound the alarm when you make a sp

26、elling mistake,and correct the mistake by spelling the right word on the screen automatically.Surprisingly,they are also your guardians.When your sitting position is not correct,their red lights will come on.Whats more,they can repair themselves and they are durable,which makes them quite environmen

27、tally friendly.爱是什么？一个精灵坐在碧绿的枝叶间沉思。风儿若有若无。一只鸟儿飞过来，停在枝上，望着远处将要成熟的稻田。精灵取出一束黄澄澄的稻谷问道：“你爱这稻谷吗？”“爱。”“为什么？”“它驱赶我的饥饿。”鸟儿啄完稻谷，轻轻梳理着光润的羽毛。“现在你爱这稻谷吗？”精灵又取出一束黄澄澄的稻谷。鸟儿抬头望着远处的一湾泉水回答：“现在我爱那一湾泉水，我有点渴了。”精灵摘下一片树叶，里面盛了一汪泉水。鸟儿喝完泉水，准备振翅飞去。“请再回答我一个问题，”精灵伸出指尖，鸟儿停在上面。“你要去做什么更重要的事吗？我这里又稻谷也有泉水。”“我要去那片开着风信子的山谷，去看那朵风信子。”“为什么

28、？它能驱赶你的饥饿？”“不能。”“它能滋润你的干渴？”“不能。”爱是什么？一个精灵坐在碧绿的枝叶间沉思。风儿若有若无。一只鸟儿飞过来，停在枝上，望着远处将要成熟的稻田。精灵取出一束黄澄澄的稻谷问道：“你爱这稻谷吗？”“爱。”“为什么？”“它驱赶我的饥饿。”鸟儿啄完稻谷，轻轻梳理着光润的羽毛。“现在你爱这稻谷吗？”精灵又取出一束黄澄澄的稻谷。鸟儿抬头望着远处的一湾泉水回答：“现在我爱那一湾泉水，我有点渴了。”精灵摘下一片树叶，里面盛了一汪泉水。鸟儿喝完泉水，准备振翅飞去。“请再回答我一个问题，”精灵伸出指尖，鸟儿停在上面。“你要去做什么更重要的事吗？我这里又稻谷也有泉水。”“我要去那片开着风信子的山谷，去看