必修五unit5grammar

1、 省略（省略（Ellipsis）为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为几个成分，这种语法现象称为“省省略略”。Discovering useful structures简单句中的省略简单句中的省略1 1、省略主语、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。(1) (I) Thank you for your help.(2) (I) See you tomorrow.(3) (It) Doesnt matter.(4) (I) Beg your pardon.( Yo

2、u )open the door. Please! -Would you like to watch NBA ? -(It ) sounds like a good idea.(1) (I) Thank you for your help.(2) (I) havent seen you for ages.(3) (It) Doesnt matter.2 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking .(2) (Is there) Anything wrong ?(3) (Will you) Have a smoke ?(4) Wha

3、t/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?(5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ?(1)(1) (There is) (There is) No smoking . No smoking .(2) (Come in ) (2) (Come in ) This way , please. This way , please.(1)( Im ) Sorry to hear you are ill. (2) (Will you) Have a smoke / a cup of tea?（）（） What a wonderf

4、ul time( we had)!(1)While ( you are ) crossing the road, you must be careful.(2) If ( it is) heated , the water becomes steam.3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但，但如果不定式如果不定式to后是后是be或完成时态，则须保留或完成时态，则须保留be或或have:(1)Are you going there? -Yes, Id like to (go there).(2) He didnt give me the chance, tho

5、ugh he had promised to (give me the chance).(3) Are you an engineer? -No, but I want to be.(4) He hasnt finished the task yet. -Well, he ought to have. Will Liuxiang win the first prize in the 2008 Olympic Games ?Sorry, I dont know (whether he will win the first prize in the 2008 Olympic Games or no

6、t). - Do you think it will rain ? - I think not . (I dont think it will rain ) - Do you think it will rain ? - I think so . (that it will rain )1) How so? Why so? 2) Is that so? I hope so. 3) I suppose/believe/hope not. 4 4、省略表语、省略表语 (1) Are you thirsty? -Yes, I am (thirsty).(2) His brother isnt laz

7、y, nor is his sister (lazy).5 5、同时省略几个成分、同时省略几个成分 (1) Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.(2) -Have you finished your work ? -(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.(1)Is he a teacher ? -Yes, he is (a teacher ).(2) His sister isnt lazy, nor is his brother (lazy).主从复合句中的省略主从复合句中的省略1 1、主句中有

8、一些成分被省略、主句中有一些成分被省略(1) ( Im ) Sorry to hear that you are ill.(2) ( Its a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance.2 2、notnot， soso常用来替代从句。常用来替代从句。(1) Is he coming back tonight? -I think so.(2) She must be busy now? -If so, she cant go with us.(3) Is she feeling better ? -Im afraid not.(4) Do you thi

9、nk he will attend the meeting? -I guess not. so常用于替代肯定形式的从句，常用于替代肯定形式的从句，而而not常用来替代否定形式的从句。常用来替代否定形式的从句。常见的动词有：常见的动词有：think、imagine、guess、say、hope、fear等。等。 这种用法常见的有：这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? 3 3、连词的、连词的thatthat省略省略(1) 宾语宾语从句中常省略从句中常省略连词连词that，但也有不能，但也有不能省略的情况。省略的情况。 (2) 在定在定语语从句中从句中， ，that在从句中作在从句中作宾

10、语时宾语时可可省略省略.4 4、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去的主语一致时，可省去“主语主语+be”+be”部分部分(1) When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.(2) She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health.(3) If (you are) asked you may come in.(4) If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you a

11、gain.并列句中的省略并列句中的省略 两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。分句中相同的部分。 (1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.(2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.(3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.其他

12、省略其他省略1 1、不定式符号、不定式符号toto的省略的省略(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的并列的不定式可省去后面的 to. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. (2) help 当当“帮助帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号的不定式符号to可带可不带可带可不带. I will help (to) do it for you. I will help you (to) do it.（3）介词）介词but前若有动词前若有动词do,后面的不定式不后面的不定式不带带 to. The boy did nothing bu

13、t play.(4) 某些某些使役使役动词动词（ （let, make, have）及感官）及感官动动词词（ （see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等等）后面作）后面作宾语补宾语补足足语语的不的不定式一定要省去定式一定要省去 to, 但在被但在被动语态动语态中中须须将将to 复原。复原。 I saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree. The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We w

14、ere made to work 12 hours a day.(5) 主主语语从句中有从句中有动词动词do,后面作表后面作表语语的不定的不定式的式的 to可可带带可不可不带带。 。 All we can do now is (to) wait. What we can do now is (to) wait. (6) find 当当“ “发现发现” ”讲时讲时，后面作，后面作宾语补宾语补足足语语的的不定式符号不定式符号to可可带带可不可不带带。 。 We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment. 但如果是不定式但如果是不定式 to be

15、， ，则则不能省略不能省略。 。 She found him to be dishonest. 2 2、连词、连词ifif在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。但后面的语序有变化。(1) Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. (2) Were I you, I would do the work better.(3） ）Should there be a flood, what should we do?3 3、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。The sooner

16、(you do it), the better (it will be). (1) (I) Beg your pardon.(2) (It) Sounds like a good idea.(1) (Is) Anybody here?(2) (Is there) Anything I can do for you?A: Where has Mr. Smith gone?B: Sorry, I dont know (where he has gone.)省略主语省略主语省略谓语或谓省略谓语或谓语的一部分语的一部分省略宾语省略宾语为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略

17、句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。(1)(Are you) Hungry?(2)(I want) Orange juice, please.A: Would you like to come to the party? B: Id love to (come the party.)省略主语省略主语和谓语和谓语省略不定式后省略不定式后省略动词省略动词1 The temple surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government. The temple (which is) surrounde

18、d by a wall belongs to the local government. 2) The first book I read this term was more interesting than the second. The first book (that) I read this term was more interesting than the second (book that I read this term).定语从句中的省略定语从句中的省略3 To her teachers surprise, she did better in her first aid e

19、xam than expected. To her teachers surprise, she didbetter in her first aid exam than (she was) expected (to do).在在than, asthan, as引导的比较引导的比较状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略 4 I dont think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have. I dont think they have returned from the hospital, but they might ha

20、ve (returned from the hospital).在并列中在并列中，后面分句中与前面分，后面分句中与前面分句中相同的部分常可省略句中相同的部分常可省略 5 He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt. He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt (want to help the accident victim).在并列中在并列中，后面分句中与前面分，后面分句中与前面分句中相同的部分常可省略句中相同的部分常可省略 6 You can

21、borrow my first aid notes if you want to. You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes).不定式后省略动词不定式后省略动词II.单项选择单项选择1. -I wont do it any more. -_? A. Why dont B. Why dont do it any more C. Why not D. Why not to2. Although _ to stop, he kept on working. A. tell B. tellin

22、g C. having told D. told3. -Will you waste time and money on that? - -Certainly_. A. I not B. dont C. not D. no4. -Mary didnt attend the lecture, did she? -Yes, she_. A. attended B. didnt attend C. didnt D. did5. -Whats John doing? - _ newspapers in the room. A. She reading B. She reads C. To read D

23、. Reading6. _ always succeed. A. Honest and clever students B. Students who honest and clever C. Honest students and clever D. Students are honest and clever7. -Can you climb that tree, my boy? -_? A. I B. MyselfC. MineD. Me8. Some people are against the plan but _ support it. A. any more B. many mo

24、re C. much moreD. no more9. -Ill be away for a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. _. A. Ive no timeB. Id rather not C. Id like to D. Id be happy to10. -Why not go and have a dinner in a restaurant? -_. Its too expensive. A. Why not B. I agree C. Im afraid notD. Im sure1

25、1. _ I had time, I would have run round that lake again.A. IfB. UnlessC. HadD. When12. -What do you think made Mary so upset? - _ her bicycle.B. As she lost B. LostC. Because of losingD. Losing1.The house rent is expensive, Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im paying _ here. A. as three

26、 times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much高考链接D解析：答案解析：答案D D。修饰比较级的。修饰比较级的three timesthree times只能置于比较结构之前，不能置于其后或只能置于比较结构之前，不能置于其后或其中；本题中比较状语从句部分被省略。其中；本题中比较状语从句部分被省略。2. What would have happened _ , as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob

27、should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked fartherC解析：答案解析：答案C C。what would have happenedwhat would have happened暗示后面，暗示后面，使用虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反；当使用虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反；当ifif省略时，可省略时，可将将were/had/shouldwere/had/should提前，构成部分倒装；用提前，构成部分倒装；用ifif从句表从句表达则是达则是if Bob had walked farther if Bob had walked farther 题意：如果鲍勃题意：如果鲍勃走得更远些，走到河岸边会发生什么事呢？走得更远些，走到河岸边会发生什么事呢？3. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he ex