Unit 5--The English Countryside(英国的乡村)

1、Unit 5The English CountrysideReading ProjectWarm-upLanguagein UseCulture TipsHomeworkAsking for Opinions Giving Opinions It would seem to me that As far as I am able to judge, As far as Im concerned, Id like to point out Id just like to say From my point of view, I think Personally, I think As I see

2、 it Frankly, I think I reckon I was wondering where you stood on the question of X?Whats your position on X?Whats your opinion of X?What do you think of/about X?How do you find X?What do you feel about X?What do you reckon about X?What about X?Warm-upNoteslSome of the expressions are formal while so

3、me are less formal or informal.lEither say according to someone or in someones opinion. Dont say according to someones opinion. lOpinion is often used as a countable noun when it means “personal ideas or beliefs about a particular subject/matter/person”. Warm-upA1: Tell me, what do you think of our

4、waiter?B1: Kind of rude, isnt he?A2: I wonder when the board of regents will pick a new dean of students.B2: Who knows? Theyre not even scheduled to meet until next month.A3: Do you think that Ive packed too much equipment for my camping trip?B3: It should be just right, Maxif you plan to be gone fo

5、r a couple of years.Asking for and Giving OpinionsWarm-up1.What do you think of life in the city? Do you prefer life in the city or in the countryside? 2.Do you sometimes feel tired of city life/country life?3.Which do you prefer, city life or village life? In pairs, ask and answer the following que

6、stions.Life in the Village and in the CityWarm-up Read the conversation on page 61. In pairs, make a similar conversation with the cues in the substitute box.Warm-upNowadays urbanization is developing rapidly in many countries and it reflects human efforts to transform a world of cruel natural eleme

7、nts in favor of human living environment. While we are ameliorating the living conditions with many facilities, we are also losing many things. Look at the following picture and comment on what human beings have gained and lost in the process of modernization? .the process by which more and more peo

8、ple live in citiesto change completely the appearance or character of to make (a situation) better or less badThe Machine in the Garden by L Marx (1964) In pairs, describe the rural lifestyle without locomotives and factories. pastoral, rural life, rosy hues of duskArcadian spectacles/beauty, serene

9、, quiet, tranquil, a scene between wilderness and tamed naturebut maybe dreadfully dull, laboring life facing haphazard/unfriendly natural elementssmall trails across the field, a solitary tree at the bottom of the gardenGod is the shepherd of human beings, and maintains their soul in the virgin bea

10、uty of nature.Useful Words and ExpressionsWarm-upIn pairs, answer the following question. With the introduction of locomotives and the construc- tion of factories, what has been irreversibly changed? Useful Words and Expressionswhining (of the sound of the locomotive engine) puffing smoke from chimn

11、eys in the factories in the distancehazy skies tinted by smoke from the factorieshurly-burly of the modern industryreinvigorating the life in the countrysidedriving out boredom from rural solitudeWarm-upUseful Words and Expressionssymbolic significance in the introduction of the locomotivemodern civ

12、ilizationlauds greater freedom for people to move around, accords more individualism to each member of society, creates greater power for everyone to exercise, and makes faster progress in social developmentWarm-upVocabulary to Describe City Lifedisco, night club, caf, club, karaoke, city skyline, n

13、ightlife, shopping, fun park, carnival entertainment, movie house, theater; tourist attractions such as temples, churches, historic places and museums; shows, city tour trips Warm-upQuotable QuoteGrass is always greener on the other side of the fence.Warm-upIn small groups, discuss the following que

14、stions.1. What does the grass signify? 2. What does the fence signify? 3. Why do people think grass in other peoples gardens always looks greener than in their own? 4. Do you have an example to illustrate the case of “The grass is always greener on the other side”? Reference Answers1. What does the

15、grass signify? 2. What does the fence signify? 3. Why do people think grass in other peoples gardens always looks greener than in their own? Usually small, insignificant things that are familiar in ones life. Division of property, family, region, or even country .People bring in their own experience

16、 when interpreting the life and objects of the world. The sense of beauty in their garden has been dulled by familiarity. Related Ideas in English Familiarity breeds contempt. .Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Absence makes the heart fonder. The Chinese sayings are much narrower in meaning and

17、usage.Similar Sayings in Chinese远香近臭远香近臭 情人眼里出西施情人眼里出西施 外国的月亮比中国的圆外国的月亮比中国的圆 ReadingTask 1 Pre-reading ActivitiesTask 2 Reading ComprehensionTask 3 After-reading ActivitiesBook 2-Unit 5Pre-reading TasksRead the words and expressions on page 64 and match them with the pictures below.coastfootpathpast

18、uresmountain ridgesTask 1 Pre-reading ActivitiesReadingrice padcornfieldbayclifflawncultivated fieldsbrook woodswaterfallestuarybeachorchardsvalley bushesIn small groups, identify important ingredients, which constitute the typical English country-side as shown in the pictures below. Useful Words an

19、d Expressionsmountains, hills in the mist, trees dotting the field,broad cultivated fields with footpaths dividing the land,village/farm houses nearby, valley, streams, sheep,cattle, river, stone bridge, villagers fishing on the river farmhouse, old trees, riverbanks, dogs, mill,pasture on which cat

20、tle is grazing Traditional English Rural Landscape in the 18th Century Traditional English Rural Landscape in the 19th Century Typical English Rural Landscape: Yorkshire English Rural Landscape in the 20th Century qIn small groups, read the text and find out the similarities and differences between

21、the pictures above and the description in the reading passage. List the similarities and differences.qReport the similarities and differences to another group.Task 2 Reading ComprehensionReadingSimilaritiesThe homestead is in the lowlands instead of the highlands, overlooked from a hill .The homeste

22、ad is very large, and faces a broad field (a commodious homestead) sheltered by ample trees .Rivers are small and not useful for trade and transport, but broad fields are delicate and beautiful. Children or villagers may still bathe in the river. Farmers may still fish in the river, and they may lea

23、n over the weirs on summer evenings and watch the swallows across the clear water under the bridges.DifferencesGathering watercress. (It did not show on the pictures.) Growing osiers for basket weaving. (It did not show on the pictures.) Mill-wheels (in left side of the second picture in the workshe

24、et) are silent now and clogged by weed.Popular idea of an English village in a valleyoverlooked from the hillsclustered about its ancient churchGeneral conception of a farm of a more or lesscommodious homesteadin a valleysheltered by ample treeswith broad fieldswith a river flowing not far awayEngli

25、sh rivers small and insignificantin which a boy can bathein which a farm-hand can tickle a troutpermit of homely occupationsmen lean over the weirs and watch the swallowsText AnalysisPara. 1Cottage The CotswoldsMeadowThe Severn ValleyThe MalvernsThe Welsh MountainsThe estuaryGardenOrchardsPasturesIn

26、 small groups, study the 2nd paragraph and draw a picture of the views from the writers cottage.The CotswoldsThe River SevernSevern estuary Wide tree-lined waters of the River Severn The MalvernsCowslipsCottageBee-orchisThe English Countryside 1 Most Englishmen, if only because of the natural format

27、ion of their island, are essentially more at home in the lowlands than on the heights. The popular idea of an English village is of one in a valley, where it can be overlooked from the hills, clustered about its ancient church; and similarly, the general conception of a farm in this country is of a

28、more or less commodious homestead in a valley, sheltered by ample trees, with broad fields like open hands stretched out to receive the sun, and a river flowing not far away. There is always a river not far away, in England; and although, judged by Continental standards, our rivers may for the most

29、part be small and insignificant, they are perhaps more intimately known for that. 2 Certainly they are not the kind about which national songs are composed, as in the case of the Rhine or the Danube or the Volga; but at least they are the kind in which a boy can bathe and in which (even today) a far

30、mhand can tickle an occasional trout. They permit of such homely occupations as the gathering of watercress or the growing of osiers for basket weaving; and although the mill-wheels they once turned are silent now and weed-clogged, men still lean over the weirs on summer evenings and watch the swall

31、ows cross the clear water under the bridges. Such rivers, insignificant as they may be, influence the lives of those who live near them in the most subtle and sensuous way. 3 For some time I lived in a cottage on the western edge of the Cotswolds. In front of my garden a meadow itself a garden of co

32、wslips in spring and a haunt of beeorchises that fell with the swaths of grass in summer dipped down to the Severn Valley. Standing at my door, I could see across the lowland orchards and pastures to the Malverns on the one hand and to the Welsh mountains on the other. Those far blue ridges might be

33、 hidden by mist or cloud from time to time; but seldom was there a day when I could not clearly follow the course of the river down to its wide muddy estuary. Year in, year out, the Severn was part of my view; it was even part of my consciousness.1. if only表示但愿要是就好了，Ifonlymanwereabitlessgreedy!但愿人类不

34、那么贪婪。IfonlyIhadnotlostthetrainticket.要是我没丢失那张火车票就好了。ReadingReading Once there was a true love at my hand ,but I didnt cherish it .I didnt realize it until it was gone. There is nothing more miserable than it .If God can give me a chance to restart ,Ill tell the girl I Love You. If I have to add a de

35、adline to the love I hope it will be ten thousand years. If only God could give me another chance!2. essentiallya.ShewasbornintheUS,butsheisessentiallymoreChinesethanAmerican.b.Richardisessentiallyasoft,caringperson,althoughhelooksquitetough.c.Johnisessentiallymoreascholarthanapolitician.Reading3. c

36、lustern.numberofthingsofthesamekindgrowingcloselytogether（丛生的）簇,丛,团,串:*aclusterofberries,flowers,curls一簇浆果、花、鬈发*ivygrowinginthickclusters成丛生长的常春藤.*aclusterofhouses,spectators,bees,islands,diamonds,stars密密匝匝的房屋、观众、蜜蜂、岛屿、钻石、星星Reading4. Judged by Continental standardsAsBritainisanislandcountry,whenpeop

37、letheretalkabouttheContinent,theymeanthemainlandofEurope.a.Judgedbynationalstandards,theso-calledGreatHotel”isonlyasmallinn.b.Judgedbymodernmoralstandards,SongJiangsreconciliationwiththegovernmentissensibleinsomeaspects.c.JudgedbyChinesestandards,theseriversareonlysmallcreeks.Reading5. They are more

38、 intimately known for thatforthat,becauseofthat.Intimatelysuggestsaverycloselinkbetweenthesmallriversandthelocalpeoplewhoknowtheirriversverywell.Reading6. a farm-hand can tickle an occasional troutAfarm-handisaworkerorlaboreronafarm.Tickleanoccasionaltrout:catchatroutbyhandoccasionally.Ticklemeansto

39、steal,maybetotakesometothechildren.Itsaformofpoaching.Atroutisakindoffish(鲑鱼).Reading8. insignificant as they may beadj/adv+as+S+VAs:though:尽管：Insignificantastheymaybe-althoughtheymaybeinsignificantGreatastheauthorwas,heprovedabadmodel.Ridiculousasitseems,thetaleistrue.Reading 7. weed-cloggedblocked

40、byweeds 10. estuaryCwiderivermouthintowhichthetideflows河口湾:*theThamesestuary泰晤士河河口.Reading11. Year in, year out, the Severn was part of my view; it was even part of my consciousness.年复一年，塞文河已成为我触目的景色的一部分，他甚至已成为我意识的一部分。Reading1. Most Englishmen, if only because of the natural formation of their islan

41、d, are essentially more at home in the lowlands than on the heights._prepositional phrasethe fertile valleys where farms and orchards sustain the people who live there Explanation:Explanation: The highlands are much more barren than the valleys and are thus less desirable for habitation and more sui

42、table for sheep farming. _ _ _ _ _the areas with hills and mountainsTranslation: 如果只考虑这个岛国的自然地势，绝大多数英国如果只考虑这个岛国的自然地势，绝大多数英国人感到生活在低地比生活在高地要舒适得多。人感到生活在低地比生活在高地要舒适得多。 Difficult Sentences2. The popular idea of an English village is of one in a valley, where it can be over-looked from the hills, clustere

43、d about its ancient church; and similarly, the general conception of a farm in this country is of a more or less commodious homestead in a valley, sheltered by ample trees, with broad fields like open hands stretched out to receive the sun, and a river flowing not far away.non-restrictive adjective

44、clause built around the old church_Explanation: In the English countryside, a church is traditionally the most important building. Usually situated in the center of a village with a square in front of it, the church is not only a place for religious service but also a place for public gatherings and

45、 important activities. Villagers houses were generally built around the church. Translation:人们心中喜爱的英国乡村是在山谷里，从山上可以俯瞰它的全貌，并簇拥在古代的教堂周围；同样，这个国家的人们对农场的普遍概念也是山谷地里宽敞的家园，绿树成荫。广阔的田野延伸开去，就像张开的双手接受阳光普照，不远处还有潺潺流水的小溪。 3. Certainly they are not the kind about which national songs are composed, as in the case of

46、the Rhine or the Danube or the Volga; but at least they are the kind in which a boy can bathe and in which (even today) a farm-hand can tickle an occasional trout.restrictive adjective clause_ _ Explanation: a worker or laborer on a farm can catch a trout by hand occasionally Translation: 当然，它们不像莱茵河

47、、多瑙河、伏尔加河那样，有许多民歌为之歌唱，但至少它们能供孩子嬉水，能让农夫时常在那儿抓鲑鱼。4. Such rivers, insignificant as they may be, influence the lives of those who live near them in the most subtle and sensuous way.concessive clause/ clause of concession_ _ _ _Translation: 这些河流虽不起眼，却在不经意地而又切切实实地影响着周围居民的生活。 as can mean though/although bu

48、t only in the combination adjective+as+subject+be/seem/appear:Tired as he was he offered to carry her.Strong as he was, he couldnt lift it.Patient as he was, he had no intention of waiting for three hours.May implies “I accept the fact that .”5. but seldom was there a day when I could not clearly fo

49、llow the course of the river down to its wide muddy estuary.inversion of the verb after certain adverbsTranslation: 但那小河流向宽阔、多泥的河口，我总是能够看得清清楚楚。Certain adverbs and adverb phrases, mostly with a restrictive or negative sense, can for emphasis be placed first in a sentence or clause and are then follow

50、ed by the inverted form of the verb. The most important of these are shown below.hardly ever, on no account, hardly . when, only by,in no circumstances, only in this way, neither/nor,only then/when, never, scarcely ever, no sooner . than,Scarcely . when, not only, seldom, not until, nowhere On no ac

51、count must this switch be touched.Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.Never before had I been asked to accept a bribe.Hardly/Scarcely ever did they manage to meet unobserved.英国乡村英国乡村 1如果只考虑这个岛国的自然地势，绝大多数英国人感到生活在低地比生活在高地要舒适得多。人们心中喜爱的英国乡村是在山谷里，从山上可以俯瞰它的全貌，并簇拥在古代的教堂周围；同样，这个国家的人们对农场的普遍概念也

52、是山谷地里宽敞的家园，绿树成荫。广阔的田野延伸开去，就像张开的双手接受阳光普照，不远处还有潺潺流水的小溪。在英格兰，周边总有小河流淌；按照欧洲大陆的标准，我们的河流多半小得不起眼，但就因为如此，人们才对它们感到亲切。 2当然，它们不像莱茵河、多瑙河、伏尔加河那样，有许多民歌为之歌唱，但至少它们能供孩子嬉水，能让农夫时常在那儿抓鲑鱼。人们还能在这儿找到家常的活计，诸如打捞水田芥，种柳枝编篮子；虽说那些曾经靠他们而转动磨坊车轮如今已沉静且布满野草，人们仍旧在夏日的傍晚倾靠在拦河坝上观望燕子在桥下掠过清澈的河水。这些河流虽不起眼，却在不经意地而又切切实实地影响着周围居民的生活。 3 有一段时间我住在

53、科斯伍德西部的一间茅草房里。我花园前面的牧场，春天就是一个长满黄花九轮草的花园，夏天则是对叶兰和其它青草被割之后的长居之地。它一直延伸到塞汶河谷。站在家门口，越过低地我可以欣赏那一边是莫尔文山，另一边是威尔士山脉的果园和牧场。远处那绿色的山脊时常为云雾所遮盖，但那小河流向宽阔、多泥的河口， 我总是能够看得清清楚楚。日子年复一年，塞汶河已成为我赏景的一部分，甚至是我意识中的一部分。 （吕睿中译, 胡一宁审校）most Englishmen, more at home in lowlands than on heightspopular idea of an English villagegene

54、ral conception of a farmvillages and English riversinfluences of these rivers on the lives of the local villagersviews from the writers cottage in the CotswoldsStory ReproductionTask 3 After-reading ActivitiesReadingYear in, year out, the Severn was part of my view; it was even part of my consciousn

55、ess.年复一年，塞汶河已成为我赏景的一部分，甚至年复一年，塞汶河已成为我赏景的一部分，甚至是我意识中的一部分。是我意识中的一部分。 Describe part of your view that has become part of your consciousness. ExampleActivityLanguagein UseTask 1 Grammar DevelopmentTask 2 Vocabulary Building Task 1 Grammar Development: Passive Voice1) am/is/are +done e.g. English is spok

56、en in many countries all over the world. 2) has/have been done e.g. This novel has been translated into several languages. 3) am/is/are being done e.g. The project is being carried out. 4) was/were done e.g. Some TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night. Languagein Use5) had b

57、een done e.g. They said that production costs had been reduced.6) was/were being done e.g. The case was being investigated then.7) shall/will be done e.g. He wont be allowed, by his father, to marry Larra.8) should/would be done e.g. They would be sent to the army when they finished the training. Ta

58、sk 2 Vocabulary Building: Names of European CountriesFlagMapEnglish Short NameEnglish Long NameCapitalUnited Kingdom (Britain or Great Britain)United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland LondonFranceFrench RepublicParisBelgiumKingdom ofBelgiumBrusselsLanguagein UseFlagMapEnglish Short NameE

59、nglish Long NameCapitalGermanyFederal Republic of Germany BerlinDenmark Kingdom of Denmark CopenhagenSpain Kingdom ofSpainMadridSweden Kingdom of Sweden StockholmIcelandRepublic of IcelandReykjavikCulture TipsMoving to the Country Each year, more than 100,000 people leave behind the stresses and str

60、ains of city life in favor of a move to the countryside. There awaits a quieter, more relaxed lifestyle - but it can be too quiet for some. The tips below should help you make sure you know exactly what to expect from your move.Culture Tips Visit in winter Its easy to fall in love with the British c