句子成份基本句型

1、Grammarsentences什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须一个字母必须大写大写，结尾要有，结尾要有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !句子成份句子成份 句子一般由两个部分组成：句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（主语部分（ subject group）谓语部分（谓语部分（ predicate group） 句子成份：句子成份：主主 谓谓 宾宾 表表补补

2、定定 状状 主语：主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由部分一般由名词名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首句充当它的位置一般在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.主语主语划分句子成分练习一 (一)指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an ol

3、d man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.谓语：谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成简单动词或者动词短语构成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak

4、 English.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.

5、will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon 表语：表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing. (四) 挑出下列句中的表语 T

6、he old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.宾语宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后She

7、plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students

8、in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.宾语补足语宾语补足语：位于：位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。The war made him a soldier.New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The

9、teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw a cat running across the road.宾语补足语宾语补足语 (六六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily som

10、etimes.状语状语 状语用来修饰状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度，原因，结果生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度，原因，结果等，一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词等，一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. I

11、was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen. (七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurri

12、ed off.定语定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以定语可由以下等成分表示：下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is alway

13、s the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） (五) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some peo

14、ple forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! 句子成分的特点和功能句子句子成分成分 特点和功能特点和功能 例句例句主主语语谓谓语语宾宾语语表表语语1.1.是一个句子所叙述的主体，是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于一般位于句首句首。2.2.常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词、数词和主语定时或动名词）、代词、数词和主语从句充当。从句充当。 They are stud

15、ents. The sun rises in the east. 太阳在东方升起。太阳在东方升起。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。眼见为实。1. 说明主语的动作、状态和特征，说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般放一般放 在主语的后面在主语的后面2. 常用动词或动词词组充当常用动词或动词词组充当 We study English. He is asleep. You may go now.1. 是动作行为的对象或承受者是动作行为的对象或承受者,放在及物动放在及物动词或介词之后词或介词之后 (动宾动宾&介宾）介宾）2. 常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定常用名词或相当于

16、名词的词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词和数词充当时或动名词）、代词和数词充当 I like China. We study English. I play with him. 位于位于系动词系动词（如（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后等）之后,表示主语的性质、表示主语的性质、状态和特征。状态和特征。 They are students. He is asleep. 他睡着了。他睡着了。 To see is to believe. 句子成分的特点和功能句子句子成分成分 特点和功能特点和功能 例句例句定定语语状状语语 修饰限定修饰限定名词名词或

17、或代词代词，说明，说明该名词或代词该名词或代词的状态、品质、的状态、品质、数量等。数量等。 用来修饰用来修饰动词动词、形形容词容词和和副词副词等的，等的，表示事情发生的时表示事情发生的时间、地点、原因、间、地点、原因、结果、程度等等结果、程度等等The little boy needs a blue pen.(形容词形容词) Two boys need two pens. （数词）（数词） His name is Tom.（所有格）（所有格） The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（介词短语）（介词短语） The boy sitting u

18、nder the tree is Tom.（分词短语）（分词短语） He runs quickly. 他跑地很快。他跑地很快。 She is very beautiful. 她非常漂亮。她非常漂亮。 I will go there tomorrow.He works in this factory.种类种类类型类型主语主语S谓语谓语动词动词v表语表语/宾宾语语p宾语宾语0宾补宾补oc第第1种种S+V主谓主谓Wework第第种种主谓宾主谓宾He plays the violin.第第种种主系表主系表We arestudents第第种种S+v+IO+DO主谓双宾主谓双宾shegaveme a pe

19、n.第第种种S+V+O+OC He mademelaugh基本句型基本句型 一一 特点特点: :句子的句子的谓语动词谓语动词都能表达都能表达完整完整的意思。的意思。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 e.g. The sun risese.g. The sun rises S SV基本句型基本句型 二二 特点：句子谓语动词都特点：句子谓语动词都不能不能表达一个完整的意思，表达一个完整的意思， 必须必须加上加上一个表明主语身份或状态的一个表明主语身份或状态的表语表语构构 成成复合谓语复合谓语，才能表达完

20、整的意思。，才能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做( (连连) )系系动词。动词。 除了除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词， 1)表表感官的动词感官的动词: 2) 表表转变变化转变变化的动词的动词: 3)表表延续延续的动词的动词 feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。等。become, get, grow, turn, go,等等remain, keep, stay等等。 S V (link-V.) PThis is an English dictionary.Everythi

21、ng looks different. 天气更凉爽了。天气更凉爽了。 The weather becomes cooler. 基本句型基本句型 三三特点：谓语动词都是特点：谓语动词都是实义动词实义动词，但不能表，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做及物动词及物动词。 e.g. We like the movie. S Vo S V (Vt.) O她经常帮她妈妈。她经常帮她妈妈。 She often helps her mother.2. 我想要一杯茶。我想要一杯茶。 I wan

22、t a cup of tea. 基本句型基本句型 四四 + +InO +D 特点：谓语动词必须跟有特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个两个宾语才能表宾语才能表达完达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直直 接承受者接承受者，另一个是动作的，另一个是动作的间接承受者间接承受者。 通常可改为通常可改为 S +V+DO+prep.+InOe.g. She gave me an apple. =She gave an apple to me. S V (Vt.) InO DOShe passed him a new dress.John 告诉我他的想法。告诉我他的想法。 John

23、 told me his idea常跟双宾语的动词有（需借助常跟双宾语的动词有（需借助to的）的）:1bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, 等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的的:）2 buy, call, get, make, order, sing, save等。等。常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为A、B两类） A：动词后加to give 给 show给看 send寄，打电报 bring带 read读 pass递给 lend借给 leave留给 ha

24、nd交给 tell告诉 return把还给 write给写信 throw扔 promise答应 refuse 拒绝 B ： 动 词 后： 动 词 后加加 f o r make生产，生产，制 造制 造 b u y 买买 do做做 g e t 得 到得 到 p l a y 演 奏演 奏 order命令命令 s i n g 唱 歌唱 歌 pay为为交交钱钱 基本句型基本句型 五五特点：动词虽然是特点：动词虽然是及物动词及物动词，但是只跟一个宾，但是只跟一个宾 语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一 个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 判断原则：能表达成判断原则：能表达成宾语宾语 是是/做做e.g.