钢结构彩板屋面漏水质量通病的原因及防治措施中英文（完整版）

1、钢结构彩板屋面漏水质量通病的原因及防治措施 中英文（一）钢结构彩板屋面漏水质量通病的原因及防治措施（ 1） Causes and prevention measures of common water leakage quality problems of steel structure color plate roof1、屋面板的连接1. Connection of roof panel钢结构体系建筑屋面板，在屋面上有长向连接和侧向连接2 种。长向连接主要是搭接，即上坡板压下坡板， 搭接处设置专用防水密封胶加固定专用压条， 而侧向连接的方式， 目前 主要有以下 3 种：There are t

2、wo kinds of steel structure system building roof panels: long connection and lateral connection. The long connection is mainly lap joint, that is, the upper slope plate presses the lower slope plate, and the lap joint is provided with special waterproof sealant and fixed special pressure strip. At p

3、resent, there are mainly three ways of lateral connection:1）搭接连接把压型钢板搭接边重叠，并用各种螺栓、铆钉或自攻螺钉等连成整体。该 连接又分为带密封胶槽与不带密封胶槽 2 种，屋面螺钉外露，波峰均比较低。1）Lap connection overlaps the lap edge of profiled steel plate and connects it as a whole with various bolts, rivets or self tapping screws. The connection is divided

4、into two types: with sealant groove and without sealant groove. The roof screws are exposed and the wave peaks are relatively low.2）暗扣式连接固定支座利用平头自攻螺钉固定在屋面檩条上，再将压型屋面板与固定 支座扣合。屋面无螺钉外露，但由于与檩条直接用螺钉连接而无法控制热胀冷缩的变形。2）The concealed connection fixed support is fixed on the roof purlin with flat head self tap

5、ping screws, and then the profiled roof panel is buckled with the fixed support. There are no exposed screws on the roof, but the deformation of thermal expansion and cold contraction cannot be controlled due to the direct connection with purlin with screws.3）咬合暗扣式连接，屋面系统通过滑动支架来固定屋面板，既有利于屋面防水和保持 屋面的

6、整体性， 又能有效地控制因热胀冷缩引起的变形， 该连接形式分 180°和 360°两种。3）Snap and snap connection. The roof system fixes the roof panel through sliding support, which is not only conducive to roof waterproof and maintaining the integrity of the roof, but also can effectively control the deformation caused by thermal

7、 expansion and cold contraction. The connection form is divided into 180 and 360 . °°2、漏水原因分析2. Cause analysis of water leakage彩钢板维护系统本身具有一定的强度和刚度， 材料一般不会漏水， 维护系统漏水原因主 要在节点处理不当， 材料的品质，系统设计的成熟性、完备性，结构构造和安装技术等也都 直接影响到围护系统的防水效果。彩钢板由于受环境、温度的变化而收缩、变形， 接口和搭接连接部位产生位移时， 密封胶条或硅酮胶与彩板表面粘结处不能同步位移而产生脱离

8、， 造 成彩钢板屋面漏水。 不同的采光板在相同的时间内其变形和老化的程度也不尽相同。 屋面漏 水按原因归结起来主要如下。The color steel plate maintenance system itself has certain strength and stiffness, and the materials generally do not leak. The main reasons for the leakage of the maintenance system are improper treatment of nodes, the quality of material

9、s, the maturity and completeness of system design, structural structure and installation technology, which also directly affect the waterproof effect of the enclosure system. The color steel plate shrinks and deforms due to the change of environment and temperature. When the interface and lap joint

10、displacement, the sealant strip or silicone adhesive cannot move synchronously with the surface of the color steel plate, resulting in water leakage of the color steel plate roof. Different daylighting panels have different degrees of deformation and aging in the same time. The main causes of roof w

11、ater leakage are as follows.( 1)设计因素(1) Design factors1、刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规程 (CECS 102：98)中规定：刚架轻型房屋屋面坡度 宜取 1/81/20 ，屋面坡度过小， 屋面雨水不能及时排入天沟， 屋面积水而造成屋面渗水现象。1. Technical specification for steel structure of rigid frame light houses (CECs 102:98) stipulates that the roof slope of rigid frame light houses should

12、 be 1 / 8 1 / 20. The roof slope is too small, and the roof rainwater cannot be discharged into the gutter in time, resulting in roof water seepage.2、缺少节点设计，选用节点做法不当，屋脊处女儿墙高度不够，伸出屋面的管道、排 气道位置不妥或高度不够，以至影响防水层施工困难。2. Lack of node design, improper selection of nodes, insufficient parapet height at the r

13、idge, improper or insufficient position or height of pipes and exhaust ducts extending out of the roof, so as to affect the construction of waterproof layer.3、板型选择不当，对于暗扣式和咬合式的板型，只要现场安装得当，一般不会有太大 的问题。 如果选用直接用自攻螺钉连接的板型， 即使现场处理得很好， 防水胶做的也很到位， 但由于面板具有热胀冷缩的性能，同样也会出现漏水现象。3. Improper selection of plate ty

14、pe. As long as the plate types of concealed buckle and bite are installed properly on site, there will not be much problem. If the plate type directly connected with self tapping screws is selected, even if the field treatment is very good and the waterproof glue is in place, water leakage will also

15、 occur because the panel has the performance of thermal expansion and cold contraction.4、屋面孔洞设计时考虑不周。不得在施工时现场随便割孔割洞，孔洞防水要做好。4. The design of roof holes is not well considered. It is not allowed to cut holes at the construction site, and the hole waterproof shall be done well.5、围护部分彩板过薄，经过一段时间的使用，外板腐

16、蚀或者受温度影响变形，板之间 缝隙增大。5. The color plate of the enclosure is too thin. After a period of use, the outer plate corrodes or deforms under the influence of temperature, and the gap between the plates increases.6、屋面雨水系统未按规范设置溢流措施，暴雨强度超过雨水系统排放能力时就会超过 搭接缝，甚至漫上屋面，造成事故。6. The roof rainwater system is not prov

17、ided with overflow measures according to the specifications. When the rainstorm intensity exceeds the drainage capacity of the rainwater system, it will exceed the lap joint and even overflow onto the roof, resulting in accidents.7、落水管数量不足，雨水沿天沟流动距离远，时间长，造成积水；墙面外板上部未增 设 L 型收边件，天沟内侧存在漏水隐患。7. The numb

18、er of downpipes is insufficient, and the rainwater flows along the gutter for a long time, resulting in ponding; L-shaped edge closing piece is not added at the upper part of the outer plate of the wall, and there is a hidden danger of water leakage at the inner side of the gutter.8、彩钢泛水配件设计不合理，达不到防

19、水效果。8. The design of color steel flashing accessories is unreasonable and can not achieve waterproof effect.9、规范规定构件变形控制值，檩条挠度L /180,屋面梁挠度L/180(式中L为受弯构件的跨度 )，屋面檩条截面设计太小、间距过大，在风荷载作用下檩条和压型板变形就会过 大。9. The specification specifies the control value of member deformation, purlin deflection L / 180, roof b

20、eam deflection L / 180 (where l is the span of bending member). If the section design of roof purlin is too small and the spacing is too large, the deformation of purlin and profiled plate will be too large under wind load.10、未充分考虑结构变形、温差变形、干缩变形、振动等影响,设防不满足基层变形的 需要。10. The effects of structural defo

21、rmation, temperature difference deformation, dry shrinkage deformation and vibration are not fully considered, and the fortification does not meet the needs of base deformation.( 2)施工因素(2) Construction factors1 )施工过程中对屋面围护不注意保护,随意踩踏屋面,破坏了屋面的平整度,甚至出 现裂纹,密封胶量不足,位置不正确,打拉铆钉过多,并且未进行防水处理。 )1) During the c

22、onstruction process, the roof enclosure is not protected, and the roof is trampled at will, which destroys the flatness of the roof, even cracks, insufficient sealant, incorrect position, too many pulling rivets, and no waterproof treatment.)2) 天沟不进行防腐,在进行天沟防腐时, 只是刷防锈漆或者沥青漆,使用一段时间后,天沟腐蚀严重。2) The gut

23、ter is not subject to anti-corrosion. When the gutter is subject to anti-corrosion, it is only painted with antirust paint or asphalt paint. After being used for a period of time, the gutter is seriously corroded.3) 钢结构厂房屋面板,因跨度过大,屋面板存在搭接,虽然在搭接等处采用了聚氨酯 密封胶和缝合钉等处理,但安装时往往很难达到设计理论标准,导致漏雨。3) Because of

24、the large span of the house panels in the steel structure plant, the roof panels are overlapped. Although polyurethane sealant and suture nails are used at the overlapped places, it is often difficult to meet the design theoretical standards during installation, resulting in rain leakage.4) 天沟横向没有坡度

25、,制作时至少应留0.5的坡度。4) The gutter has no transverse slope, and a slope of at least 0.5% shall be reserved during fabrication.5) 关键节点部位施工马虎。女儿墙等根部阴角没有按规定作成圆弧或圆弧太小,卷材 端边收头密封不严, 上口白铁皮变形, 固定点稀少加之密封材料封口不好, 伸出屋面的管道 根部堵洞不严, 管道四周找平层没有高出附近找平层, 防水层泛水高度不够。 保温层施工遇 雨,排气槽堵塞,排气孔设置不合理,造成保温层长期浸水。刚性屋面产生裂缝,分割缝处 防水密封膏与缝侧壁粘结

26、不牢而渗水。5) The construction of key nodes is careless. The internal corners of the parapet and other roots are not made into an arc as required or the arc is too small, the end sealing of the coil is not tight, the white iron sheet at the upper mouth is deformed, the fixed points are rare, coupled with

27、 the poor sealing of the sealing materials, the hole blocking at the root of the pipe extending out of the roof is not strict, the leveling layer around the pipe is not higher than the nearby leveling layer, and the flashing height of the waterproof layer is not enough. In case of rain during the co

28、nstruction of the insulation layer, the exhaust slot is blocked and the exhaust hole is set unreasonably, resulting in long-term water immersion of the insulation layer. The rigid roof has cracks, and the waterproof sealant at the split joint is not firmly bonded with the side wall of the joint, res

29、ulting in water seepage.( 3)构造因素(3) Structural factors1) 房屋在使用过程当中随意增加荷载，导致屋面板变形。特别是在屋面檩条上随意增 加荷载，檩条变形，导致屋面积水。1) During the use of the house, the load is arbitrarily increased, resulting in the deformation of the roof slab. In particular, the load is arbitrarily increased on the roof purlin, resulti

30、ng in purlin deformation, resulting in water in the roof area.2) 防水胶、密封胶老化，使用工程中缺少必要维护。2) The waterproof glue and sealant are aging and lack of necessary maintenance during use.3) 堵头对由于风力造成的漏水是有作用的，不应忽视，须保证彩钢板与屋脊盖板堵头 安装到位， 采光板与屋脊盖板间堵头下部应打硅酮密封胶， 屋面风机处彩钢板波峰端部设置 钢堵头。3) The plug plays a role in water le

31、akage caused by wind force and should not be ignored. It is necessary to ensure that the plug of color steel plate and ridge cover plate is installed in place. Silicone sealant shall be applied at the lower part of the plug between daylighting plate and ridge cover plate, and steel plug shall be set

32、 at the wave crest end of color steel plate at roof fan.4) 搭接时缝隙容易受温度影响变大，应充分留够搭接长度。4) When lapping, the gap is easily affected by temperature, and sufficient lapping length shall be reserved.5) 水宜疏不宜堵，一般安装时在钢板内侧打密封胶。5) The water shall be drained rather than blocked. Generally, sealant shall be appl

33、ied on the inner side of the steel plate during installation.6) 必须足够重视钢结构屋面围护系统热胀冷缩的不利影响，采取合理的构造措施。6) We must pay enough attention to the adverse effects of thermal expansion and cold contraction of steel structure roof enclosure system, and take reasonable structural measures.( 4)材料因素(4) Material f

34、actors1) 雨水管材用塑料管材，强度差，钢结构厂房从安装到投产运行，容易受损。1) Rainwater pipes are plastic pipes with poor strength, and the steel structure plant is easy to be damaged from installation to operation.2) 由于钢板天沟比较薄，焊缝容易出现问题。2) Because the steel plate gutter is relatively thin, the weld is prone to problems.3) 未根据屋面的坡度选

35、择合适的采光板板型和屋面彩板的板型，波峰较小，侧向搭接 太少，不利于排水。3) The appropriate daylighting plate type and roof color plate type are not selected according to the slope of the roof. The wave crest is small and the lateral overlap is too few, which is not conducive to drainage.4) 围护部分彩板过薄， 经过一段时间的使用，外板腐蚀或者受温度影响变形，板之间 缝隙增大。4

36、) The color plate of the enclosure is too thin. After a period of use, the outer plate corrodes or deforms under the influence of temperature, and the gap between the plates increases.5) 压型板基板镀锌层质量不好，涂层太薄，致使压型板使用寿命短，易锈蚀损坏。5) The quality of galvanized layer on the base plate of profiled plate is poor

37、 and the coating is too thin, resulting in short service life of profiled plate and easy corrosion and damage.6) 自攻螺丝胶垫质量差容易开裂，玻璃密封胶容易老化等。6) The self tapping screw rubber pad has poor quality and is easy to crack, and the glass sealant is easy to age, etc.7) 扣板明显变形，相邻两板的板高、间距均不同，扣板拉钉应采用防水拉钉。7) The g

38、usset plate is obviously deformed, and the plate height and spacing of two adjacent plates are different. The gusset plate pull nail shall be waterproof pull nail.3、各部位漏水原因分析及解决方案3. Cause analysis and solution of water leakage at each part(1) 屋面螺钉和紧固件处漏水。(1) Water leakage at roof screws and fastener

39、s.这种现象较为普遍， 主要出现于双层彩钢板及单层彩钢板屋面。 在施工过程中， 自攻螺 丝力量过重、过轻，自攻螺丝打偏、打斜等，都可能使自攻螺丝橡胶垫片变形、脱落或者形 成凹面，造成屋面点滴漏水，并通过保温棉聚积，积少成多，形成多点漏水。另外，自攻螺 丝位置不正， 错过彩钢板下的檩条而直接形成孔洞也是引起漏水的重要原因之一。 这种漏水 现象在单层彩钢板不设保温系统的屋面结构中可能不太明显， 主要是因为雨水通过钢板与檩 条接触的部位渗漏后直接分散，不一定迅速滴落。This phenomenon is more common, mainly in double-layer color steel

40、plate and single-layer color steel plate roof. In the construction process, the self tapping screw force is too heavy and light, and the self tapping screw is biased and skewed, which may deform, fall off or form a concave surface, resulting in a bit of water leakage on the roof, and accumulate thro

41、ugh the thermal insulation cotton, add up and form a lot of water leakage. In addition, the incorrect position of the self tapping screw, missing the purlin under the color steel plate and directly forming a hole is also one of the important reasons for water leakage. This leakage phenomenon may not

42、 be obvious in the roof structure without insulation system of single-layer color steel plate, mainly because the rainwater is directly dispersed after leakage through the contact part between the steel plate and purlin, and does not necessarily drip rapidly.( 2)彩钢板搭接处漏水。(2) There is water leakage a

43、t the lap joint of color steel plate. 水平搭接缝和竖向搭接缝， 彩钢板搭接处漏水， 若遇见彩钢板瓦波过低或者雨水量大没 过瓦波时， 容易形成大面积漏水， 且不易发觉漏水点， 一旦形成不易检修。 多见于弧形屋面。 其原因主要是两张板之间搭接不紧、自攻螺丝没有打满形成了空隙等等。The horizontal lap joint, vertical lap joint and the lap joint of color steel plate leak. If the tile wave of color steel plate is too low or t

44、he amount of rain is too large, it is easy to form a large area of water leakage, and it is not easy to detect the water leakage point. Once it is formed, it is not easy to repair. It is often seen in arc roof. The main reasons are that the lap between the two plates is not tight, the self tapping s

45、crews are not full, forming a gap and so on.( 3)屋脊部分漏水。(3) The ridge is leaking.在轻型钢结构屋面施工中， 由屋脊瓦引起的漏水也是一种较为常见的现象。 在雨季， 尤 其是雨水量大时, 雨水的飞溅通过脊瓦下部两张彩钢板对接处缝隙, 形成大面积渗漏。 该部 位漏水的主要原因是： 屋脊处波峰太高, 屋脊盖板无法保证防水； 纵向搭接不放胶泥或硅胶, 形成缝隙而漏水； 屋脊盖板纵向搭接用铆钉连接, 热胀冷缩强度不够而拉断铆钉, 形成漏水； 屋脊盖板与屋面板之间不敷设堵头, 或堵头放置不规范而脱落形成漏水。 解决办法是： 屋脊

46、盖板做宽些,另外坡度找大点；搭接处敷设胶泥或硅胶；更换缝合钉；堵头应与板型匹配, 堵头敷设时应上下放胶泥或硅胶。 对防止脊瓦漏雨, 在施工中宜采用加大脊瓦翻边长度, 逢 瓦波部位剪口,接缝处打胶。In the construction of light steel structure roof, water leakage caused by roof ridge tile is also a common phenomenon. In rainy season, especially when there is a large amount of rain, the splash of ra

47、in passes through the gap between the two color steel plates at the lower part of the ridge tile, forming a large area of leakage. The main reasons for water leakage in this part are: the crest at the ridge is too high, and the ridge cover plate can not ensure waterproof; Longitudinal lapping withou

48、t mastic or silica gel, forming a gap and water leakage; The longitudinal overlap of ridge cover plate is connected with rivets, and the rivets are broken due to insufficient strength of thermal expansion and cold contraction, resulting in water leakage; No plug is laid between the ridge cover plate

49、 and the roof slab, or the plug is placed irregularly and falls off to form water leakage. The solution is: make the ridge cover wider, and find a larger slope; Lay mastic or silica gel at the lap joint; Replace the suture nail; The plug shall match the plate type, and the mastic or silica gel shall

50、 be put up and down during plug laying. In order to prevent the ridge tile from leaking rain, it is advisable to increase the flanging length of the ridge tile during construction, cut the opening at each tile wave, and apply glue at the joint.(4) 屋面气楼部位(4) Roof air tower 该部位漏水的主要原因是： 气楼与屋面交接处收边下未放置

51、泡沫堵头, 且收边纵向搭接 未敷设胶泥或硅胶；屋面外板在气楼交接处未上板；气楼结构支柱开孔部位未做防水处理； 气楼自身制作、 安装存在漏水隐患。 解决办法是： 收边安装前应敷设泡沫堵头,纵向搭接须 设置胶泥或堵头用缝合钉固定； 气楼安装前必须将屋面板上好； 要求气楼施工方在气楼结构 完成后对开孔部位进行防水处理,对气楼安装质量和防水性能进行查验。The main reasons for water leakage in this part are: no foam plug is placed at the junction of the air tower and the roof, and

52、 no glue or silica gel is laid on the longitudinal side. The roof outer plate is not installed at the junction of the gas tower; The opening part of the pillar of the air tower structure is not waterproof; There are hidden dangers of water leakage in the fabrication and installation of the gas tower

53、. The solution is: foam plugs should be laid before installation and installation. The roof panel must be installed before the installation of the air tower; The Construction Party of the gas tower is required to conduct waterproof treatment on the opening parts after the completion of the gas tower

54、 structure, and check the installation quality and waterproof performance of the gas tower.(5) 采光板部位(5) Daylighting board position采光板部位防水是维护系统防水的重要部位, 采光板安装中的胶泥铺设、 防水螺钉是屋 面漏水的主要隐患； 采光板板型与屋面板板型不吻合, 采光板两侧波峰高于屋面板, 安装后, 密封过严或采光板内外气压差, 毛细水从采光板两侧缝隙进入屋面内部漏水； 采光板纵向搭 接长度不够,且胶泥老化失去粘性； 纵向胶泥脱落；采光板和彩钢板之间为刚性搭接, 中

55、间 的缝隙未密封。 屋面采光板防止漏水应注意以下几方面： 一是防水螺钉施打在波峰上部； 二 是采光板处的收边板应与采光板密封牢固, 纵向两侧胶泥要加宽, 并铺设波峰上部, 防止水 毛细而渗水； 三是控制两侧波峰中心间距, 与采光板波峰中心距吻合, 不能因安装问题或者 尺寸宽度不一而去掉采光板的波峰高度或宽度,造成质量隐患；四是纵向搭接一般不小于300 mm,并且搭接处用硅胶密封牢固，采光板搭接的地方应敷设柔性胶带密封。The waterproof of the daylighting board is an important part of the maintenance system. T

56、he mastic laying and waterproof screws in the installation of the daylighting board are the main hidden dangers of roof water leakage; The plate type of the daylighting board is inconsistent with that of the roof panel, and the wave crest on both sides of the daylighting board is higher than that of

57、 the roof panel. After installation, the sealing is too tight or the air pressure difference inside and outside the daylighting board, and capillary water enters the roof from the gaps on both sides of the daylighting board to leak; The longitudinal lap length of daylighting board is not enough, and

58、 the mastic is aging and loses its viscosity; Longitudinal mastic falling off; The daylighting board and color steel plate are rigidly overlapped, and the gap in the middle is not sealed. The following aspects shall be paid attention to in preventing water leakage of roof daylighting board: first, t

59、he waterproof screw shall be applied on the upper part of the wave crest; Second, the edge closing plate at the daylighting Board shall be firmly sealed with the daylighting board, the mastic on both longitudinal sides shall be widened, and the upper part of the wave crest shall be laid to prevent water capillary and water seepage; Third, the center distance of wave crest on both sides shall be contr