专题训练1阅读理解之主旨大意类

1、二轮二轮英语英语主题型主旨归纳题主题型主旨归纳题 The The main idea main idea (central idea) of the passage is.(central idea) of the passage is. The passage is The passage is mainly aboutmainly about. The passage The passage mainlymainly discusses. discusses. The passage is concerned primarily about. The passage is concerne

2、d primarily about. What is the discussion mainly about? What is the discussion mainly about? Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up the main idea of the passage?the main idea of the passage? Which of the following state

3、ments best expresses the main Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?idea of the passage? What is the passage/text mainly about? What is the passage/text mainly about?专题三主旨大意类专题三主旨大意类设问方式设问方式1.1.二轮二轮英语英语标题型主旨归纳题标题型主旨归纳题 The best title for the passage might be.

4、The best title for the passage might be. Which of the following titles best summarizes the main Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?idea of the passage? What can be a suitable title for the text? What can be a suitable title for the text? What can/might be the

5、best title for the text/the passage? What can/might be the best title for the text/the passage?目的型主旨归纳题目的型主旨归纳题 The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to. The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to. The passage is meant to. The passage is meant to. The authors purpose is to sh

6、ow. The authors purpose is to show. The purpose of the article is to. The purpose of the article is to. What does the author want to tell us? What does the author want to tell us? What is the main purpose of the passage? What is the main purpose of the passage?2.2.3.3.二轮二轮英语英语考点一考点一 主旨大意题主旨大意题46.Wha

7、t is the discussion mainly about?46.What is the discussion mainly about? A. How to react to bad behavior. A. How to react to bad behavior. B. How to kill time on a train. B. How to kill time on a train. C. How to chat with strangers. C. How to chat with strangers. D. How to make a phone call. D. How

8、 to make a phone call.剖析剖析:A:A主旨大意题。本文针对一个人在火车上用手机通话时声音太大的主旨大意题。本文针对一个人在火车上用手机通话时声音太大的行为展开讨论行为展开讨论, ,主要讨论面对不良行为人们应该做出什么反应。主要讨论面对不良行为人们应该做出什么反应。bad bad behaviorbehavior与与talked very loudtalked very loud对应对应,Lakelander,Lakelander发帖中的发帖中的reactreact在在A A项中再项中再次出现。次出现。二轮二轮英语英语名师在线名师在线 主题句是文章的核心主题句是文章的核心,

9、 ,它往往是一个有很强概括性和代表性的句子。找到它往往是一个有很强概括性和代表性的句子。找到了文章的主题句了文章的主题句, ,文章的中心思想也就显而易见了。文章的中心思想也就显而易见了。1.1.主题句位于首段主题句位于首段: :其特点是开门见山地提出论点其特点是开门见山地提出论点, ,再分别说明。再分别说明。2.2.主题句位于尾段主题句位于尾段: :其特点是归纳式其特点是归纳式, ,即细节在前即细节在前, ,概括在后。概括在后。3.3.主题句主题句, ,位于中间段落位于中间段落: :其特点是引出话题其特点是引出话题论述主题论述主题解释。了解这解释。了解这 一特点有利于考生根据文章开头和结尾的内

10、容进行综合推理。一特点有利于考生根据文章开头和结尾的内容进行综合推理。 若文章无主题句若文章无主题句, ,考生可以依据文中的事实、细节、观点考生可以依据文中的事实、细节、观点, ,归纳出文章归纳出文章 的主题。的主题。二轮二轮英语英语4.4.主题句通常具有下面一些特征主题句通常具有下面一些特征: : (1) (1)举例子的句子不是主题句举例子的句子不是主题句, ,前后句可能是主题句。前后句可能是主题句。 (2)(2)问句不是主题句问句不是主题句, ,回答句可能是主题句。回答句可能是主题句。 (3)(3)首段转折处常为文章的主题句。首段转折处常为文章的主题句。 (4)(4)主题句常包含文章的主题

11、词。主题句常包含文章的主题词。 (5) (5)主题句常包含主次之分的表达主题句常包含主次之分的表达(A rather than B(A rather than B等等) )。 (6) (6)主题句常包含时间提示词主题句常包含时间提示词(recently, today(recently, today等等) )。 (7) (7)定义型的句子定义型的句子(be called as, be known as, is, are(be called as, be known as, is, are等等) )。 (8) (8)强调型的句子强调型的句子(stress, focus(stress, focus等

12、等) )。 (9) (9)总结型的句子总结型的句子(research indicates, study suggests(research indicates, study suggests等等) )。二轮二轮英语英语考点二考点二 文章标题题文章标题题8.What can be a suitable title for the text?8.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Is Your House Making You Fat? A. Is Your House Making You Fat? B. Ways of Serving

13、Dinner B. Ways of Serving Dinner C. Effects of Self-Consciousness C. Effects of Self-Consciousness D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?剖析剖析:A:A标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮度、吃饭的速标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮度、吃饭的速度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。因此度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。因此A A项项“

14、你的房你的房子正让你发胖吗子正让你发胖吗? ?”最适合做文章标题。最适合做文章标题。B B项项“提供正餐的方式提供正餐的方式”,C,C项项 “自自我意识的作用我意识的作用”,D,D项项“你家的环境令人放松吗你家的环境令人放松吗? ?”, ,均与本文的主题不符。均与本文的主题不符。二轮二轮英语英语名师在线名师在线1.1.标题特征标题特征 (1)(1)概括性。概括性。文章的标题能最大程度地概括全文文章的标题能最大程度地概括全文, ,直接指向文章的主直接指向文章的主 要内容要内容, ,体现文章主旨。体现文章主旨。 (2)(2)醒目性。醒目性。标题要能吸引读者的注意力标题要能吸引读者的注意力, ,唤起

15、读者对文章的阅读兴唤起读者对文章的阅读兴 趣。标题是文章的点睛之笔趣。标题是文章的点睛之笔, ,是文章的灵魂是文章的灵魂, ,要简洁、突出、新要简洁、突出、新 颖。标题的好坏往往影响读者阅读的兴趣。读者一般会通过阅读颖。标题的好坏往往影响读者阅读的兴趣。读者一般会通过阅读 标题来取舍文章标题来取舍文章, ,故标题要醒目故标题要醒目, ,以吸引读者的注意力。以吸引读者的注意力。2.2.标题的归纳方式标题的归纳方式 要做好标题归纳题要做好标题归纳题, ,还需要了解标题的归纳方式。一般来说还需要了解标题的归纳方式。一般来说, ,标题的标题的 归纳方式是归纳方式是: :以话题为核心以话题为核心, ,将

16、控制性概念的词按一定的语法原则浓将控制性概念的词按一定的语法原则浓 缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。 二轮二轮英语英语比如某文章的中心句子为比如某文章的中心句子为: :Coffee is a universal beverage that is served in different Coffee is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world.ways around the world. 话题话题:Coffee:Coffee控制性概念控制性概念:is a

17、 universal beverage that is served in:is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world different ways around the world标题标题:Coffee Around the World:Coffee Around the World注意注意, ,做此类题时做此类题时, ,要避免下列三种错误要避免下列三种错误: : (1) (1)概括不够概括不够( (多表现为部分替代整体多表现为部分替代整体, ,从而导致范围太小从而导致范围太小);); (

18、2) (2)过度概括过度概括( (多表现为人为扩大范围多表现为人为扩大范围);); (3) (3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。以事实、细节替代文章大意。二轮二轮英语英语考点三考点三 写作目的题写作目的题43.What is the main purpose of the passage?43.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain how businesses turn people into their customers. A. To explain how businesses turn people into thei

19、r customers. B. To introduce how businesses have grown from the past. B. To introduce how businesses have grown from the past. C. To report researches on customer behavior. C. To report researches on customer behavior. D. To show dishonest business practices. D. To show dishonest business practices.

20、剖析剖析:A:A目的意图题。文章的第一段就点明了主题。本文主要介绍的是目的意图题。文章的第一段就点明了主题。本文主要介绍的是商家是通过哪些手段把人们变成顾客的。因此答案选商家是通过哪些手段把人们变成顾客的。因此答案选A A。文章虽然提到了。文章虽然提到了古埃及古埃及, ,但并不是介绍商家是如何从过去发展而来的但并不是介绍商家是如何从过去发展而来的, ,因此因此B B项不对项不对; ;文章文章主要聚焦在商家的一些做法上主要聚焦在商家的一些做法上, ,因此因此C C项有误项有误;D;D项的项的dishonestdishonest一词与全文一词与全文的基调不一致的基调不一致, ,文章只是客观介绍文章

21、只是客观介绍, ,并没有暗示商家不诚实。并没有暗示商家不诚实。二轮二轮英语英语名师在线名师在线 每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的, ,而这些信息通常并不是明确表而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来的达出来的, ,而是隐含在文章之中。而是隐含在文章之中。因此因此, ,这类问题要求学生在理解文章总体内容的基础上这类问题要求学生在理解文章总体内容的基础上, ,去领会作者的去领会作者的言外之意。言外之意。 不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, ,但写作目的通常有以下三种但写作目的通常有以下三种: : (1)to entertain readers( (

22、1)to entertain readers(娱乐读者娱乐读者, ,让人发笑让人发笑);); (2)to persuade readers( (2)to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点说服读者接受某种观点);); (3)to inform readers( (3)to inform readers(告知读者某些信息告知读者某些信息) )二轮二轮英语英语考点四考点四 段落大意题段落大意题40.What is stressed in the last paragraph?40.What is stressed in the last paragraph? A. Mother

23、s importance shows in family all year long. A. Mothers importance shows in family all year long. B. The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile. B. The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile. C. Mothers devotion to children can hardly be calculated. C. Mothers devotion to children c

24、an hardly be calculated. D. Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return. D. Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return.剖析剖析:B:B段落大意题。根据段落大意题。根据The emotional, physical and mental The emotional, physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-end

25、ing, energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing (Investing (投入投入) in time for parenting and raising ) in time for parenting and raising relationships is mon

26、ey well spent.relationships is money well spent.可以得知可以得知, ,母亲们对孩子的付出是母亲们对孩子的付出是无止境的无止境的, ,但是孩子也是母亲们快乐和幸福的源泉但是孩子也是母亲们快乐和幸福的源泉, ,因此母亲们的牺牲虽然因此母亲们的牺牲虽然巨大巨大, ,但是值得但是值得, ,故正确答案为故正确答案为B B项。项。二轮二轮英语英语名师在线名师在线 段落大意即某一段的中心思想段落大意即某一段的中心思想, ,一般体现在某个句子一般体现在某个句子( (即主题句即主题句) )中中, ,主主题句具有明显的概括性题句具有明显的概括性, ,句子结构简单句子

27、结构简单, ,段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表述的主题思想。或扩展主题句所表述的主题思想。 主题句通常位于段首主题句通常位于段首, ,但也可位于段尾、段中或者段首段尾前后呼应。但也可位于段尾、段中或者段首段尾前后呼应。把握好段落的主题句是解答此类题的关键。把握好段落的主题句是解答此类题的关键。二轮二轮英语英语20152015福建卷福建卷对点练习对点练习1 11.The first paragraph focuses on 1.The first paragraph focuses on . A. the greatest challenge of g

28、roup exercise A. the greatest challenge of group exercise B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness C. the contribution of group exercise to psychological health C. the contribution of group exercise to psychological health D. the sha

29、red common goal in performing exercise in groups D. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.C1.C推理判断题。第一段的开头部分讲了群体锻炼是增进身体健康最推理判断题。第一段的开头部分讲了群体锻炼是增进身体健康最有效的方式之一有效的方式之一(B(B项内容项内容),),而且群体锻炼具有挑战性而且群体锻炼具有挑战性(A(A项内容项内容),),后面后面也提到共同的目标能激励参与者努力锻炼也提到共同的目标能激励参与者努力锻炼(D(D项内容项内容),),

30、但是这些都是指但是这些都是指群体锻炼对身体健康的益处。由第一段中的关键词语群体锻炼对身体健康的益处。由第一段中的关键词语However(However(表转表转折折),not only.but.),not only.but.以及以及AdditionallyAdditionally后的内容可知后的内容可知, ,本段的重点本段的重点是是butbut后面的内容后面的内容, ,即群体锻炼对于心理健康很有好处。故选即群体锻炼对于心理健康很有好处。故选C C项。项。二轮二轮英语英语2.The underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph 2.The un

31、derlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph probably means “ probably means “”. A. cheerful A. cheerful B. average B. average C. serious C. seriousD. temporaryD. temporary答案及剖析答案及剖析: :2.A2.A词义猜测题。由前半句词义猜测题。由前半句 If you If youre tired of wandering.and re tired of wandering.and becoming boredbecomin

32、g bored可知可知, ,参加参加upbeatupbeat的群体能让你不懈怠或者不厌倦的群体能让你不懈怠或者不厌倦, ,故故upbeatupbeat意为意为“精神振奋的精神振奋的”, ,这与选项中的这与选项中的cheerfulcheerful同义。故选同义。故选A A项。项。average average 普通的普通的, , 平均的平均的; serious ; serious 严肃的严肃的, , 认真的认真的; temporary ; temporary 临临时的时的, , 暂时的。暂时的。二轮二轮英语英语3.When it comes to emotional support, the a

33、uthor thinks it 3.When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary necessary . A. to sustain a colorful lifestyle A. to sustain a colorful lifestyle B. to party on weekends with positive people B. to party on weekends with positive people C. to try a fun healthy restaurant regularl

34、y C. to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly D. to surround yourself with supportive people D. to surround yourself with supportive people答案及剖析答案及剖析: :3.D3.D细节理解题。由倒数第二段的第一句细节理解题。由倒数第二段的第一句.it.its extremely s extremely important to surround yourself with people whoimportant to surround yourself wi

35、th people wholl provide ll provide you with the proper emotional support.you with the proper emotional support.可知可知D D项正确。项正确。二轮二轮英语英语4.What would be the best title for the passage?4.What would be the best title for the passage? A. Seeking Support A. Seeking Support B. Supporting Health B. Supportin

36、g Health C. Improving Your Strength C. Improving Your Strength D. Building Up Fitness D. Building Up Fitness语篇解读语篇解读: :本文是一篇说明文本文是一篇说明文, ,主要讲述了参加群体锻炼的多种益处。主要讲述了参加群体锻炼的多种益处。群体锻炼不但对身体健康有益群体锻炼不但对身体健康有益, ,而且对心理健康也有好处。你不相信吗而且对心理健康也有好处。你不相信吗? ?快来读一下这篇文章吧快来读一下这篇文章吧! !答案及剖析答案及剖析: :4.B4.B标题归纳题。综观全文可知标题归纳题。综观

37、全文可知, ,本文主要阐述了参加群体锻炼的益本文主要阐述了参加群体锻炼的益处处, ,它不仅仅体现在身体方面它不仅仅体现在身体方面, ,还体现在精神还体现在精神( (心理心理) )方面方面, ,这恰恰与这恰恰与B B项项的含义契合。所以选的含义契合。所以选B B项。项。二轮二轮英语英语20152015天津卷天津卷对点练习对点练习2 25.The authors mother told him to borrow a book in order to5.The authors mother told him to borrow a book in order to . A. encourage h

38、im to do more walking A. encourage him to do more walking B. let him spend a meaningful summer B. let him spend a meaningful summer C. help cure him of his reading problem C. help cure him of his reading problem D. make him learn more about weapons D. make him learn more about weapons答案及剖析答案及剖析: :5.

39、C5.C细节理解题。第一段末句提到细节理解题。第一段末句提到This was one more weapon for This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problemher to defeat my strange probleminability to read.,inability to read.,即作者的即作者的妈妈让他去借一本书妈妈让他去借一本书, ,是想攻克他阅读障碍的问题是想攻克他阅读障碍的问题,C,C项所述符合题干要项所述符合题干要求。求。A A项项“鼓励他多走路鼓励他多走路”、B B项项“让他度过一个有

40、意义的夏天让他度过一个有意义的夏天”、D D项项“让他学到更多关于武器的知识让他学到更多关于武器的知识”均为干扰项。均为干扰项。二轮二轮英语英语6.The book caught the authors eye because6.The book caught the authors eye because. A. it contained pretty pictures of animals A. it contained pretty pictures of animals B. it reminded him of his own dog B. it reminded him of hi

41、s own dog C. he found its title easy to understand C. he found its title easy to understand D. he liked childrens stories very much D. he liked childrens stories very much答案及剖析答案及剖析: :6.B6.B推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可以得知推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可以得知, ,这本书吸引作者的地方这本书吸引作者的地方首先是封面一只比格犬的图片首先是封面一只比格犬的图片, ,这让作者想起了自己曾经拥有的与之类似这让作者

42、想起了自己曾经拥有的与之类似的比格犬。的比格犬。B B项所述符合题干要求。文中未提到书中包含了很多精美的动项所述符合题干要求。文中未提到书中包含了很多精美的动物图片物图片, ,故故A A项错误项错误; ;文中未提及书的题目易懂文中未提及书的题目易懂, ,故故C C项错误项错误;D;D项项“他很喜欢他很喜欢儿童故事儿童故事”也并未在文中提及。也并未在文中提及。二轮二轮英语英语7.Why could the author manage to read the book through?(7.Why could the author manage to read the book through?(

43、) ) A. He was forced by his mother to read it. A. He was forced by his mother to read it. B. He identified with the story in the book. B. He identified with the story in the book. C. The book told the story of his pet dog. C. The book told the story of his pet dog. D. The happy ending of the story a

44、ttracted him. D. The happy ending of the story attracted him.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :7.B7.B推理判断题。文中第二、三、四段的内容主要叙述了作者的一次推理判断题。文中第二、三、四段的内容主要叙述了作者的一次经历与书中故事内容惊人的一致经历与书中故事内容惊人的一致, ,即即B B项项“他把书中的故事等同于自己他把书中的故事等同于自己的经历了的经历了”, ,因此他能够设法读完这本书因此他能够设法读完这本书, ,故选择故选择B B项。文中未提及作者项。文中未提及作者妈妈的逼迫妈妈的逼迫, ,故故A A项错误项错误; ;故事中的比格犬与被送人的作者的比格犬类似故事中的比格犬与被送人的作者的比格犬类似, ,但描述的不是作者的比格犬但描述的不是作者的比格犬, ,故故C C项错误项错误;D;D项项“故事圆满的结局吸引了故事圆满的结局吸引了他他”并不是作者设法读完故事的原因。并不是作者设法读完故事的原因。二轮二轮英语英语8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?(8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?() ) A. The author has