3PL美国用户和供应商调查

1、Dr. Robert C. Lieb, Northeastern UniversityBrooks A. Bentz, AccentureChicago, September 23, 2003The Council of Logistics ManagementThird Party Logistics Update:Annual U.S. User and Provider SurveysNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys1The 11th Annual U.S. Fort

2、une 500 Manufacturer User SurveyThe 10th Annual U.S. 3PL Provider SurveyConcluding Observations and ImplicationsNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys2The 11th Annual U.S. Fortune 500 Manufacturer User SurveyThe 10th Annual U.S. 3PL Provider SurveyConcluding Ob

3、servations and ImplicationsNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys3For the seventh year in a row, more than two-thirds of those surveyed indicated they use 3PL services, and the reported usage rate has reached a record high of 81 percent.Use of 3PL ServicesPerce

4、nt ofManufacturersReporting Use of3PL ServicesSurvey Year38%81%Northeastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys4Manufacturers current spending on 3PL services and their three-year projections have reached record levels.3PL Percentage of User Logistics BudgetPercentageof

5、LogisticsOperationsBudgetOperating Year3-year projections33%40%Northeastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys5Freight payment, shipment consolidation, direct transportation, customs brokerage, warehouse management, freight forwarding, carrier selection, and tracking/tr

6、acing services are used by more than half of the manufacturers, and the usage rate increased in most categories since last year. 3PL Services UsedPercent of users citing useContract manufacturingSelection of softwareCustomer spare partsOrder processingFleet management/operationsMerge in transitOpera

7、tion of IT systemsReverse logisticsProduct returnsOrder fulfillmentRe-labeling/repackagingRate negotiationMeasurement of carrier performanceTracking/tracingCarrier selectionFreight forwardingWarehouse managementCustoms brokerageDirect transportation serviceShipment consolidationFreight paymentNorthe

8、astern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys63PL services yield varying degrees of cost and service improvements. Users indicated that the following 3PL services generated the greatest cost savings: Warehouse management Rate negotiation Shipment consolidation Freight payme

9、nt Direct transportation Users indicated that the following 3PL services generated the greatest service benefits: Warehouse management Order fulfillment Freight payment Direct transportation Fleet management/operationsNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys7Posi

10、tiveNo impactNegative77%Verypositive3PL use has generally resulted in positive cost, service and customer satisfaction impact, and the percentage of positive responses increased substantially this year.85%65%PositiveNo impactNegativeVerypositivePositiveNo impactNegativeVerypositiveNortheastern Unive

11、rsity / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys8Many vendors and customers of these 3PL users use the same 3PL provider, and this promotes supply chain integration. But those providers play a limited role in providing effective IT linkages between the supply chain partners. Forty-nine pe

12、rcent of the 3PL users said that their major vendors were also served by the same 3PL provider Fifty-seven percent of the users said that their major customers were also served by the same 3PL provider Sixty-eight of the users said that this was very important or important in promoting integration o

13、f their companies supply chains However, less than one-third of the users said that their 3PL provider played a very important or important role in establishing and maintaining effective IT linkages with their major vendors or customers Only 22% of the users ranked their 3PL provider as “leading edg

14、e” with respect to IT expertise and capabilities Northeastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys9The economic slowdown continued to affect the volume of business given to 3PL providers by users, but user/provider relationships are still strong. Fourteen percent said tha

15、t they had increased the volume of business given their 3PL providers during the slowdown, 57% said the slowdown had no effect on volume, and 29% said it had led to lower volume However, only 4% believe that the slowdown has had a negative effect on their relationship with their primary 3PL provider

16、 In fact, one-quarter of the respondents believe that it strengthened the relationship, and said that they are committed to the 3PL “partnerships” regardless of economic conditionsNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys10With respect to 3PL industry profitabilit

17、y, all the users identified in the survey believe the industry is at least in breakeven condition. Four percent categorized the industry as very profitable, 80% said it was moderately profitable, and 16% labeled the industry as breakeven in terms of profitability Only 16% expressed concerns about th

18、e long-term viability of the 3PL business model. That was considerably lower than the 34% of respondents to last years survey who had similar concernsNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys11Many users are positive towards increasing 3PL use, but the percentage

19、that would increase 3PL use has declined during the past several years.How respondents would modify their companys use of 3PL services if they were given complete responsibility for the decision, 2003Substantially increase useModeratelyincrease useStaythe sameModerately decrease use34%45%6%13%Elimin

20、ate use 2%Northeastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys12Eighty-four percent of users buy 3PL services internationally, and many are currently manufacturing and/or selling in China. Fifty percent of the companies that use 3PL services currently manufacture products in

21、 China, with nearly two-thirds of them doing so in company-owned facilities Seventy-two percent of those companies have increased the volume of manufacturing done in China during the past several years, with more than one-third of those companies indicating that volume increase has been substantial

22、Seventy percent of the companies that use 3PL services currently sell products in China. Forty percent sell their products directly, 30% use middlemen, and 30% reported using both options However, only 39% of the companies manufacturing and/or selling in China use 3PL providers to support their Chin

23、ese activitiesNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys133PL services currently used in China. For this group of companies, the most frequently used 3PL services in China are direct transportation services (39% report use), warehousing (22%), freight forwarding se

24、rvices (11%), and vendor managed inventory hubs (11%) Two-thirds of the users report that they are satisfied or very satisfied with the 3PL services they currently use in China Only 19% said there were 3PL services that they would like to use that are not currently available in China Similarly, less

25、 than one in four indicated they had any significant problems either finding or using 3PL providers in ChinaNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys14Existing 3PL users offer a wide variety of suggestions to managers in other companies considering the use of 3PL

26、services for the first time. The most frequently offered advice follows: Identify key performance indicators and targets, and incorporate them into the contract Solicit multiple RFPs and check references very closely Develop accurate internal cost estimates before contacting potential service provid

27、ers Do not give up complete control of your supply chain to your 3PL provider Make sure you understand the technological issues involved in the relationship before signing the contractNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys15The 11th Annual U.S. Fortune 500 Manu

28、facturer User SurveyThe 10th Annual U.S. 3PL Provider SurveyConcluding Observations and ImplicationsNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys16CEOs of 20 of the largest 3PLs operating in the United Statesparticipated in the survey.Year 2003 3PL Provider Survey Par

29、ticipants APL Logistics Cardinal Logistics Caterpillar Logistics C.H. Robinson Co. DSC Logistics Eagle Global Logistics Exel Logistics GeoLogistics Landstar Menlo Logistics Penske Logistics Ryder Schneider Logistics Sirva Logistics Tibbet and Britten Group, North America TNT Logistics, North America

30、 T UPS Supply Chain Solutions USF Logistics, Inc. USCO Distribution Services. Inc.Northeastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys17Operating revenues continue to grow despite the economic slowdown of the past several years.Average 3PL Company Revenue$1.05 B$1.18 B$545 M

31、$610 MOperatingRevenue($ millions)Operating year$1.38 B$1.86 BNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys18But, for the second straight year, many 3PL providers did not meet their revenue projections. In responding to this years survey, only three CEOs reported that

32、 his company had exceeded its yearly revenue growth projections (one last year) Eight companies met their revenue growth projections (same as last year) Eight companies failed to meet their revenue growth projections (nine last year) In our 2001 CEO survey, nine companies reported exceeding their re

33、venue growth projections, ten met their projections, and only one failed to meet their projectionsNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys19Existing clients still account for the majority of revenue growth.Percentage ofrevenue growthcoming fromexisting clients58%

34、55%58%68%Operating YearSources of Revenue53%59%Northeastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys20The pace of merger and acquisition activity declined substantially during the year. Only three CEOs indicated that their companies made significant acquisitions last year (el

35、even in the 2002 survey) On average, over the next three years, the CEOs only expect 15% of their revenue growth to be generated by acquisitions Six CEOs expect to generate no growth through acquisitions during that period Seven of the CEOs consider their companies to be acquisition targetsM/A in 3P

36、L IndustryNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys21Most 3PL providers specialize in a limited number of industry verticals. Thirteen of the 19 CEOs who answered this question said their companies did so Most typically targeted several verticals The industries mo

37、st frequently targeted were: retailing (8 mentions), automotive (7), and electronics, high technology, consumer goods manufacturing and healthcare with six each The industry verticals most affected by the recession were high technology, telecommunication, automotive, electronics and retailing The in

38、dustry verticals least affected by the recession were healthcare, automotive, consumer goods manufacturing, and food/tobaccoNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys223PLs are becoming increasingly customer selective. Fifteen of the 19 CEOs who answered the questi

39、on indicated that their companies had focused increasing attention on the quality of existing accounts Eight of those 15 said that attention had intensified during the recession That quality of account focus has affected their sales/marketing and contract renewal processes. Some providers have place

40、d more emphasis on targeted industries, renegotiated contracts, upgraded the quality of service offered to their “improved” customer base, and dropped some unprofitable accountsNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys23The globalization of the 3PL industry contin

41、ues. All but three of the companies included in the survey generate revenues outside the U.S. On average, those operating outside of the U.S. generate slightly less than one-third of their revenues in foreign market The CEOs forecast that percentage to rise over the next three years The CEOs were sp

42、lit in terms of the significance of the expansion of EU membership seven said it was significant or very significant to their companies, and eight said it was not significantNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys24Provider offering of 3PL services in China Elev

43、en of the providers currently offer 3PL services in China The operations are limited in scope, averaging 2% of the providers revenue base The CEOs project that to double by 2005; four companies expect to generate more than 10% of their annual revenues in China by 2005 The most common market entry st

44、rategy used has been formation of operating alliances with Chinese partners, but joint ventures and direct investment strategies have also been used Some of these companies are likely to form wholly-owned subsidiaries in China as ownership regulations changeNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 A

45、nnual 3PL User and Provider Surveys25Market dynamics and business opportunities in China. According to the CEOs, the most important Chinese market dynamics are relaxation of government trade/ownership restrictions, the continuing growth of the Chinese economy, the expansion of Chinese manufacturing

46、capabilities, transportation infrastructure improvements, and the continued Westernization of business practices in China They identified the following business opportunities in China: ocean freight forwarding, support for existing customers doing business in China, the emerging automotive sector, s

47、upport formultinational companies entering China,and provision of domestic distributionservicesNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys26This years industry dynamics again highlighted pricing pressures, the demand for 3PL services, and globalization pressures.Tot

48、al points3PL Industry DynamicsMovement of foreign 3PL providers into U.S.Large-scale 3PL mergersGrowing interest in outsourcing broader array of servicesIncreased pressure to internationalizeContinued downward pressure on pricingNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider S

49、urveys27CEOs see the greatest industry opportunities in expansion of integrated supply chain service offerings, further global expansion, and further IT supply chain integration.3PL Industry OpportunitiesTotal pointsReduced customizationFurther IT supply chain integrationContinued globalizationExpan

50、sion of integrated supply chain servicesNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys28Inadequate profitability, staffing issues, and difficulty delivering on promises to customers are the major problems.3PL Industry ProblemsTotal pointsLong selling cycleHigh cost/low

51、 return on technology investmentsDelivering on promisesFinding/keeping talentInadequate profitabilityNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys29CEOs project strong revenue growth for their companies for the next three years.CEO Projection of Their Companys Growth

52、RateNext yearNext three yearsSurvey yearProjectedgrowth rate25%23%26%24%25%23%23%26%22%18%16%15%Northeastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys30CEOs also project revenue growth for the 3PL industry, but at a much lower rate than in previous surveys.CEO Projection of In

53、dustry Growth RateNext yearNext three yearsSurvey yearProjectedgrowth rate19%18%17%16%16%17%15%17%11%12%8%10%Northeastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys31The 11th Annual U.S. Fortune 500 Manufacturer User SurveyThe 10th Annual U.S. 3PL Provider SurveyConcluding Obse

54、rvations and ImplicationsNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys32Fortune 500 Manufacturers continue to embrace the 3PL services model. More than 80% of Fortune 500 Manufacturers use 3PL services On average users give 33% of their annual logistics operating budg

55、ets to 3PLs, and project that to grow to 40% by 2005. Both of those numbers are all-time highs in our surveys Nearly two-thirds of the users have used 3PL services for more than five years The reported usage rate increased in most 3PL service categories during the past year More than 80% of the resp

56、ondents use 3PL services in international markets, and approximately half manufacture and/or sell in China2003 3PL User Survey ObservationsNortheastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys33Fortune 500 Manufacturers continue to embrace the 3PL services model. (continued)

57、However, only slightly more than one-third of those companies use 3PL services in China Most users say 3PL use has had a positive impact on logistics cost and service levels. During the past year, the percentage of positive responses increased in each cost and service level category examined Approxi

58、mately half of the users share their primary 3PL provider also with their major vendors and customers, and more than two-thirds of them believe this promotes supply chain integration But, only approximately one-third of those users believe their 3PL providers are important in providing IT linkages w

59、ith their supply chain partners Most users believe the 3PL industry is least moderately profitable2003 3PL User Survey Observations (continued) Northeastern University / Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys343PL providers will seek to enhance profitability through increasedspecializat

60、ion and emphasis on customer quality. These companies have continued to broaden their service offerings Eight of the 19 companies examined did not meet revenue growth projections last year The pace of merger and acquisition activity involving these companies has declined significantly Increasingly t