初中代词详解

1、关于初中代词详解现在学习的是第一页，共46页什么叫代词：代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。现在学习的是第二页，共46页一、人称代词一、人称代词1. 人称代词的人称、数和格人称代词的人称、数和格, 如下表所示。如下表所示。复数复数单数单数youyouyouYou第二人称第二人称 them theyhim her itHe she it第三人称第三人称uswemeI 第一人称第一人称宾格宾格主格主格宾格宾格主格主格数数格格人称人称现在学习的是第三页，共46页2. 人称代词有主格和宾

2、格之分。通常主格作主人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作及物动词和介词的宾语。语，宾格作及物动词和介词的宾语。I like table tennis. （作主语）（作主语）He often helps me. （作主语）（作主语）The bicycle belongs to Tom and me. (作宾语作宾语)Do you know him?（作宾语）（作宾语）3. 人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。Who is knocking at the door? Its me. (作表语作表语)4. 人称代词在人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物

3、进行比之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。较时，用主格和宾格都可以。He is older than me.He is older than I am.现在学习的是第四页，共46页5. it的用法的用法指物指物: Its a robot. 指天气指天气: Its raining now, but it will be fine soon. 指时间指时间: Its 9 oclock. 指距离指距离: Its 20 miles from here. 作形式主语：作形式主语：Its important for us to fight pollution. It took me half

4、 an hour to finish the work. Its kind of you to say so. 作形式宾语作形式宾语: We think it necessary to relax from time to time.现在学习的是第五页，共46页二、二、 物主代词物主代词1. 物主代词的人称、数和类别物主代词的人称、数和类别, 如下表所示。如下表所示。 his his hers her mine my第一人称第一人称单数单数 theirs their第三人称第三人称 ours our第一人称第一人称复数复数 yours your第二人称第二人称 its its第三人称第三人称

5、yours your第二人称第二人称 名词性物名词性物主代词主代词形容词性物形容词性物主代词主代词 类别类别 人称人称数数人称人称现在学习的是第六页，共46页形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词。形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词。This is his dictionary.Our teacher is coming to see us.Did you visit her school?形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词作定语作定语, 后加名词后加名词; 名词性物主代词名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词 +名词。名词。This is my (形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词) bo

6、ok. = This book is mine. (名词性物主代词名词性物主代词)2. 物主代词在句中的作用物主代词在句中的作用现在学习的是第七页，共46页名词性物主代词可做主语、宾语和表语。名词性物主代词可做主语、宾语和表语。Our classroom is here, and theirs is there. (主主语语)Your pen is blue. Mine is blue, too. (主语主语) May I use your pen? Ive lost mine. (宾语宾语)Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished

7、 yours? (宾语宾语) This is our laboratory, where is yours? The bike is hers. (表语表语) 现在学习的是第八页，共46页 人称人称 数数第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称单数单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself复数复数 ourselves yourselves themselves三、反身代词三、反身代词英语中用来表示英语中用来表示“你自己你自己”、“我自己我自己”、“他自己他自己”、“我们自己我们自己”，“你们自己你们自己”等等意义的代词称反身代词。形式如下表：

8、意义的代词称反身代词。形式如下表：现在学习的是第九页，共46页1. 作宾语作宾语Help yourself to some cakes. I can look at myself in the mirror. She is too weak to take care of herself.May I introduce myself?2. 作同位语（加强语气）作同位语（加强语气）We do homework by ourselves. I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.You must do it yourself. You should

9、ask the teacher himself.反身代词可在句中作反身代词可在句中作宾语宾语和和同位语同位语 (起加强语起加强语气的作用气的作用)。现在学习的是第十页，共46页四、指示代词四、指示代词指示代词包括指示代词包括this, that, these, those。1. this和和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人近的事物或人, that和和those则指时间和空间则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。例如：上较远的事物或人。例如：This is a pen and that is a pencil.We are busy these days.In

10、 those days the workers had a hard time.Whats this (that)? Its a book.What are these (those)? They are books.现在学习的是第十一页，共46页2. 有时有时that和和those指前面讲到过的事物指前面讲到过的事物, this 和和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如:I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important

11、in learning English.3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词有时为了避免重复提到的名词, 常可用常可用that或或those代替。如代替。如: Television sets made in China are just as good as those made in Japan.4. this在电话用语中代表自己在电话用语中代表自己, that则代表对则代表对方。如：方。如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking？现在学习的是第十二页，共46页疑问代词有疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what和和which等等疑问代词

12、用于特殊疑问句中，一般放在句首，疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般放在句首，可以作主语、表语、定语和宾语等。可以作主语、表语、定语和宾语等。Who called you right now? (作主语作主语)What is this? (作表语作表语)Whose umbrella is this? (作定语作定语)Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语作宾语)Which is yours? (作主语作主语)Which do you want? (作宾语作宾语)五、疑问代词五、疑问代词现在学习的是第十三页，共46页六、不定代词六、不定代词不定代词是指不是指明代替任何特定名词的词

13、。不定代词是指不是指明代替任何特定名词的词。常见的有：常见的有：one, some, any, none, neither, (a) little, (a) few, all, both, each, either等。等。现在学习的是第十四页，共46页1. one的用法的用法 表示表示“一个一个”，可以指人，也可以指物。在，可以指人，也可以指物。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。句中可作主语、宾语和定语。One should be strict with oneself.If one wants to visit the city, one must find ones own guide.现在学习

14、的是第十五页，共46页This apple is bigger than that one.I dont like the green apples. Give me the red ones. one 代替上文中出现的单数可数名词代替上文中出现的单数可数名词, 所所有格形式为有格形式为 ones, 复数可数名词用复数可数名词用 ones代代替。替。one还泛指人。还泛指人。现在学习的是第十六页，共46页 ones 前面一般都有定语修饰，前面一般都有定语修饰，one前面有前面有定语修饰时，常用定语修饰时，常用 a (an)。I have a new coat and several old o

15、nes.Ive lost my pen. I want to buy a new one.one和和it的用法比较：的用法比较：one和和it都是为了避免同前面名词重复都是为了避免同前面名词重复, 用他们用他们来代替前面提到的名词的。来代替前面提到的名词的。a. The box is in the middle of the room. Move it away, please. (代替的就是前面提到的那件特代替的就是前面提到的那件特指的事物。指的事物。) b. Do you want this big apple?No, I want the small one. (代替的是前面提到代替的是

16、前面提到的同类事物，但不是同一件。的同类事物，但不是同一件。)现在学习的是第十七页，共46页2. some和和any some 和和 any 是单数还是复数是单数还是复数, 要看其要看其所代替的是什么。所代替的是什么。some and any 都既可都既可以指人以指人, 也可以指物也可以指物, 可以表示可数的事可以表示可数的事物和人物和人, 也可以表示不可数的也可以表示不可数的 概念。如概念。如: some (any) books, some (any) money, some people, some water 现在学习的是第十八页，共46页 作为代词作为代词, 它们在句中可以做主语和它们

17、在句中可以做主语和宾语。如宾语。如: There are many people in the park. Some are dancing, others are playing Taijiquan.现在学习的是第十九页，共46页 some 用于肯定句中用于肯定句中, 而而 any 用于用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。疑问句、否定句和条件句。 -I am thirsty. Can you give me some water? -Sorry, I dont have any. If I have any, I will give you some.现在学习的是第二十页，共46页3. none和和

18、neither none, neither 都表示否定的意思都表示否定的意思, 两者两者的区别在于的区别在于, neither 用于两者用于两者, 而而none 用于两者以上。如：用于两者以上。如： Yes, I saw two boys at the door, but neither (of them) is my brother. None (of the students) in my class want to take part in this trip.现在学习的是第二十一页，共46页 none 除指可数的人和物外除指可数的人和物外, 还可以还可以表示不可数的东西表示不可数的东西

19、, 可以指与可以指与one, two, three一样的数字概念。一样的数字概念。 如：如： I have a lot of money in my bag, but none is mine. -How many postcards have you sent? -None.现在学习的是第二十二页，共46页4. (a) little和和(a) few (a) little 和和 (a) few的具体用法如下表：的具体用法如下表：含义用法含义用法表示肯定表示肯定表示否定表示否定用于可数名词用于可数名词a few 虽少虽少, 但有但有几个几个few 不多不多, 几乎几乎没有没有用于不可数名词用于

20、不可数名词 a little 虽少，但虽少，但有一点有一点little不多不多, 没有没有多少多少现在学习的是第二十三页，共46页Do you have any water?Yes, but only a little.Sorry, I have little myself. I cant give you any.He has many friends, but few are true friends/ but only a few are true friends. a little 和和 a few 表示肯定的概念表示肯定的概念, 而而little 和和 few 却表示否定的概念。却表

21、示否定的概念。 (a) little 用于不可数名词用于不可数名词, 而而 (a) few 用用于可数名词。如于可数名词。如:现在学习的是第二十四页，共46页5. all和和both all 表示表示“所有的所有的, 全体全体, 一切一切”的的 概念概念, both 表示表示“两个都两个都”, 而而all指两者以上指两者以上, 同时同时还可以指不可数的东西。如还可以指不可数的东西。如: All of the boys went to the cinema yesterday evening. All of the money is mine.-Which of the two shirts d

22、o you like?-I like both. all 和和 both 可用于主语之后可用于主语之后, 如：如： We all/both passed the exam. We all/both students.现在学习的是第二十五页，共46页6. each和和either each 和和 either 都可以表示都可以表示“每一个每一个”, each 可以表示两者、也可以表示两者可以表示两者、也可以表示两者以上的以上的“每一个每一个”, 而而either只能表示只能表示两者中的两者中的“每一个每一个”。如。如: Each of us/We each got a nice card on

23、that special day. 现在学习的是第二十六页，共46页-Which of the two shirts do you want?-Either will do.注意注意: either 表示一种选择表示一种选择, 如上面一例如上面一例, 表表示示“哪个都可以哪个都可以”, 说明购物者要买一件说明购物者要买一件衬衣而不是两件都要。如表示两件都要衬衣而不是两件都要。如表示两件都要, 则用则用both。each也可用于句末。如也可用于句末。如: The old man gave the boys two apples each.现在学习的是第二十七页，共46页另外，我们要注意区别另外，

24、我们要注意区别each和和every的用法的用法:eachevery可单独使用可单独使用不可单独使用不可单独使用可做主语可做主语(的一部分的一部分)、宾语宾语(的一部分的一部分)状语状语仅用作定语仅用作定语着重个别着重个别着重全体，无一例外着重全体，无一例外用于两者或两者以上用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物中的每一个人或物用于三者或三者以上用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物每一个人或物现在学习的是第二十八页，共46页请大家注意下面句子宾语的变化：请大家注意下面句子宾语的变化：Each student has his or her own place in the library. (常用于正式写

25、作中常用于正式写作中)Each student has their own place in the library. (口语中口语中)Each of us has seen the film.(作主语的一部分作主语的一部分) Each man hunts lone. (作主语的一部分作主语的一部分)They each do their share of the work. (作主语的一部分作主语的一部分)I gave them each a copy of the writing paper.(作宾语一部分作宾语一部分)They wrote a letter to their parents

26、 each. (作状语作状语)现在学习的是第二十九页，共46页Complete the conversation with the correct words and expressions.Anna: Hi, how did your exams go?Bob: Im really pleased! I didnt expect to do well in (1) neither / either maths or geography, but in the end, I got good grades in (2) both / each subjects. What about you?

27、现在学习的是第三十页，共46页Anna: I did really well in English. Thats (3) anything / something Ive always enjoyed. My grades in history and art werent so good, because (4) none / neither of those is my favourite subject. What will you study next year?现在学习的是第三十一页，共46页Bob: Ive still got (5) a few / few weeks befor

28、e I have to decide. Im going to speak to (6)every/all my teachers and ask for their advice.Anna: The teachers say that we must decide for (7)themselves/ourselves, that (8)none/neither of them can tell us what to do.现在学习的是第三十二页，共46页Bob: But I have to get (9) some / any information because there are s

29、o (10) much / many subjects and its very hard to choose.现在学习的是第三十三页，共46页1. Would you please lend me _ English book? _ isnt here. (2012) A. your; I B. you; My C. yours; Mine D. your; Mine2. The lovely girl is from Class 6. _ name is Alice. (2012) A. Her B. His C. Your D. Its单项选择。单项选择。现在学习的是第三十四页，共46页

30、3. May I use your calculator?Sorry. I left _ at home. (2012) A. it B. one C. this D. that4. Do you need a new dictionary, Susan?No, Mum. My uncle bought me _ yesterday. (2012) A. one B. it C. the one D. another现在学习的是第三十五页，共46页5. Is your brother running in the park? No, _ is swimming in the river. (2

31、012) A. she B. his C. her D. he6. They were all very tired, but _ of them took a rest. (2012) A. none B. all C. both D. either现在学习的是第三十六页，共46页7. Which basketball player do you like best, Kobe, James or Jordan? (2012) _ of them. Lin Shuhao is my favorite. A. All B. None C. Either D. Neither8. There m

32、ust be _ wrong with the clock. It doesnt work. (2012) A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything现在学习的是第三十七页，共46页9. Will you go to the London Olympic Games with your sister? Dad can only afford one ticket, so _ of us has to stay at home. (2012)A. either B. all C. both D. neither10. I think _ c

33、an make Andy change his mind. He is such a person who never gives up easily. (2012) A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything现在学习的是第三十八页，共46页11. The students are helping the old man clean _ house now. (2012) A. her B. him C. his12. Here is a schoolbag. Whose is it? Oh, its _. Thank you. (201

34、2) A. my B. mine C. me现在学习的是第三十九页，共46页13. The volunteers love _ students in that small village in the west of China. (2010) A. they B. them C. their D. themselves14. Emma, can you introduce _ to Alice? I want to meet her. (2010) A. him B. his C. me D. my现在学习的是第四十页，共46页15. I need something for cutting the paper. Oh, you want a knife? OK, Ill get _ for you. (2010) A. it B. that C. this D. one16. This is _ classroom, but where is ours? (2010) A. they B. them C. their D. theirs现在学习的是第四十一页，共46页17. Dont wear j