子宫恶性肿瘤的MRI诊断

1、子宫恶性肿瘤的MRI诊断2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital子宫恶性肿瘤的流行病学现状子宫恶性肿瘤的流行病学现状Epidemiology of Uterine Malignant Neoplasm子宫恶性肿瘤包括子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、滋养细胞恶性肿瘤、子宫肉瘤等Uterine malignant neoplasm includes cervical carcinoma, endometrialcarcinoma, uterine sarcoma and malignant trophoblastic tumor, etc.2009-8-7L

2、iaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalnnnn全球妇女恶性肿瘤发病率的第三位The No. 3 female malignant tumor in the world我国妇科恶性肿瘤发病率的前两位The top two common female cancer in China女性恶性肿瘤死亡率的第二位The second mortality in female malignant tumor in China每年约有3万名妇女死于宫颈癌About 30,000 females died子宫颈癌子宫颈癌Cervical Carcinoma2009-8-7Lia

3、oning Cancer Institute andHospitalnnn全球妇女恶性肿瘤发病率的第四位The fourth most common female cancer in the world每年的平均病例数是30 年前的40 倍之多The yearly average number of endometrial carcinoma is nearlyfourty times as much as those 30 years ago随着我国妇女内分泌代谢性疾病的增加，子宫内膜癌呈对数速度增长With endocrinopathy morbidity rising, the numb

4、er of endometrialcarcinoma is increasing according to logarithm fashion子宫内膜癌子宫内膜癌Endometrial carcinoma2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalnnn占子宫恶性肿瘤的2 % 4 %Accounting for 2 4 % of all uterine malignancies占生殖道恶性肿瘤的1%Accounting for 1% of all malignancies in female reproductive tract临床罕见、恶性程度较

5、高A very rare and high malignancy in female reproductive tract子宫肉瘤子宫肉瘤Uterine sarcoma2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital子宫恶性肿瘤的临床检查方法子宫恶性肿瘤的临床检查方法Clinical examination of uterinemalignant neoplasm2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital临床检查临床检查Clinical examinationp普通妇科检查：简单，但具有明显的局限性Gyn

6、ecological examination : simple & limitedp分期具有主观性：3439的患者分期错误Subjectivity on its staging: 34%-39% of incorrect stagingp不能全面评价肿瘤侵犯深度和盆腔淋巴结转移Difficult to identify invasive extent and lymph node metastases2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital临床检查临床检查-细胞学检查细胞学检查Clinical examination-Exfoliati

7、ve cytologic examinationn检测来源于子宫内膜、子宫颈的恶性细胞Finding malignant cells from cervix and uterine endometriumn为子宫恶性肿瘤的诊断诊断提供直接依据Providing direct diagnosis for uterine malignant neoplasmn为子宫微生物感染提供诊断依据Finding foundation for uterine microbial infectionn在肿瘤的分期上无明显价值No value on its staging2009-8-7Liaoning Canc

8、er Institute andHospital临床检查临床检查-阴道宫腔镜阴道宫腔镜Clinical examination- hysteroscopynnn对子宫可疑病变进行定位活检Biopsy for suspected lesion明显提高子宫体、颈部早期癌的诊断率Higher diagnostic rate of uterine and cervical cancer不能客观评价肿瘤侵犯深度和盆腔淋巴结转移Unable to evaluate invasive extent and lymphnodes metastasisaccurately2009-8-7Liaoning Can

9、cer Institute andHospital影像学方法影像学方法-超声检查超声检查Medical image examination-Ultrasonographyppp对子宫可疑病变进行定位活检The most common screen on uterine malignant tumor经腹超声在分期上应用价值较小Trans-abdominal ultrasound with few value on staging阴式超声可明显提高子宫恶性肿瘤的分期，其阳性、阴性预测值分别约62和92Improving staging by trans-vagina ultrasound wit

10、h 62% forpositive predictive value and 92% for negative predictive value2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital影像学方法影像学方法- CT检查检查Medical image examination-CTnnn平扫CT：子宫恶性肿瘤与子宫壁密度相似，难以显示癌肿的浸润深度和范围Non-CE CT: difficult to show tumor invasive depth and extent becauseof similar intensity between ute

11、rine tissues & malignant tissuesCT增强：子宫恶性肿瘤显示有局限性Showing uterine disease with some limitations by CE CTCT评价宫旁浸润假阳性较高，准确度仅3358Accuracy is 3358 on evaluating parametrical invasion by CTbecause of a high false-positive error2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital影像学方法影像学方法- MRMedical image ex

12、amination-MRInn上世纪80年代，MRI出现并应用于子宫肿瘤的诊断MRI used in uterine diagnosis in the last 80s当时，成像时间长、图像易受呼吸、血管搏动和肠蠕动的影响、磁场强度低等缺点使其应用受限At that time, longer imaging time & imaging quality easily disturbed bybreath, vessel pause, bowel movement, low magnetic field strengt, etc.These disadvantages limited i

13、ts application2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalnn随着MRI场强、梯度切换率的提高和多通道高密相控阵线圈的应用，使应用MRI技术对子宫恶性肿瘤进行准确诊断和客观评价成为可能With high-magnetic MR scanner,high-gradient switch ratio andmultiple phased array coils, it is possible to diagnose uterinemalignacy accurately and evaluate it objectively by MRI

14、MRI因其极高的软组织分辨力，能够清晰显示子宫的组织结构和信号的细微变化，近而准确评价子宫恶性肿瘤的大小和范围Clearly displaying uterine layers, signal changes, tumor size andextent on MRI image because of it high soft tissue resolution2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalnn肿瘤分期达到b期以上，MRI的评价准确性、阳性和阴性预测值分别可达81 95%、100、90%Above IB staging, accurac

15、y, positive predictive value and negativepredictive value of MRI evaluation : 81%-95%,100% and 90%在显示子宫恶性肿瘤宫旁浸润和淋巴结转移等方面，其敏感度、特异度均较高High sensitivity and specificity in showing parametrical invasion andlympnode metastasis from uterine malignant neoplasm on MRI2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHosp

16、ital影像学方法影像学方法- PETCT检查检查Medical image examination-PEC/CTnnn是评价子宫肿瘤良恶性的最佳影像方法之一One of the best evaluations on uterine malignancy对肿瘤及周围淋巴结转移进行客观评价，其特异性高，阳性预测值约75%-100%Objective view on tumor and lymph node metastasis with 75%-100% positive predictive value昂贵的价格制约了其广泛应用Application limited by expensive

17、 costing2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalMRI在子宫恶性肿瘤诊断上的价值在子宫恶性肿瘤诊断上的价值Diagnostic Value of MRI in UterineMalignant Neoplasm2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalMRI成像的优势成像的优势Advantage of MRInnnn无损伤和辐射性No injury and radiation高的软组织分辨力和极高的敏感度High soft tissue resolution and sensitivity

18、MRI三维成像使病灶定位更准确3D images with high accuracy in lesions检出子宫多灶性病变以及评价侵犯的范围、周围淋巴结转移区域有明显价值Identifying multiple lesions,invasive extending and lymph nodemetastasis2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalnn动态增强检查可了解病变的血流灌注情况,有助于病变性质的评价Exploring perfusion & evaluation of tumors by DCT为准确分期和临床治疗方案

19、的制定提供可靠依据Providing accurate staging and therapy planning2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital子宫子宫MRI检查的适应症检查的适应症Indications of uterine MRI examinationnnnnn检出子宫隐匿性病灶、囊性病灶及多灶性病变Detecting occult, cystic and multiple lesions评价子宫恶性肿瘤的浸润范围和淋巴结转移Evaluating invasive extent and lympnode metastasis评价子

20、宫恶性肿瘤的新辅助治疗疗效Evaluateing therapy effect确定手术适应症Determining surgical indications监测子宫恶性肿瘤的术后复发Monitoring post-surgical recurrence2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital子宫恶性肿瘤的子宫恶性肿瘤的MRI诊断、分期诊断、分期Diagnosing and Staging of UterineMalignant Neoplasm by MRI2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospita

21、l（一）子宫内膜癌（一）子宫内膜癌Endometrial Carcinoma2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital子宫内膜癌的临床特征子宫内膜癌的临床特征Clinical Characters of Endometrial Carcinomann临床表现：绝经后妇女阴道不规则流血、恶臭液体及烂肉,下腹疼痛、消瘦和贫血Clinical manifestations: postmenopausal women withirregular vaginal bleeding, foul liquid,necrotic tissue,abdominal

22、 pain, weight loss and anemia好发部位：子宫底和体后壁Occurrence sites: the posterior wall of uterus and itsbottom2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital扩散方式The spreading ways直接播散Direct spreading淋巴转移Lymph node metastasis血行转移Hematogenous metastasis2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital子宫内膜癌的子宫内膜癌的MRI

23、特征特征MRI Characters of Endometrial Carcinoma病变局限于内膜Lesions confined in endometrialnnnT1WI：癌肿信号稍低于内膜或与肌层信号一致T1WI: endometrial carcinoma signal is slightly lower than theendometrial signal or same as the myometrial signalT2WI：内膜局限/弥漫增厚，呈稍高信号T2WI: hyper-signal in limitations / diffuse thickening endomet

24、rial病变不强化或轻度强化，低于肌层Slightly or no enhanced contrast with a signal lower than myometrial2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital病变侵入肌层Invading myometrialnnn癌肿呈菜花状、息肉状突入宫腔lesions with cauliflower-like mass in the uterine cavityT2WI:低信号的结合带内出现高信号T2WI: hyper-signal in lower junctional zone增强时:肌层病变与

25、内膜病变均呈低信号，强化的结合带不完整CE: lesion with low signals in both myometrial and endometriallayers, showing incompletely enhanced changes in the junctionalzone2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital深肌层受侵Deep myometrial invasionnn子宫各层结构消失, 局部肌层出现不规则低信号病灶，肌层变薄Disappearance uterine layers with focused, irre

26、gular low-signallesions in myometrium & thinning myometrium子宫增大, 盆腔内组织器官广泛受侵Enlarged uterus, diffusion involvement in pelvic tissues & organs2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalnnnna:肿瘤仅局限于子宫内膜a :Tumor confined in endometriumb:子宫肌层受侵小于1/2b: invaded myometrial less than 1/2c:子宫肌层受侵大于

27、1/2c: invased myometrial more than1/2a:宫颈内膜受侵a: invasion into cervical endometrial子宫内膜癌的临床分期子宫内膜癌的临床分期Staging of Endometrial Carcinoma采用国际妇产科联盟分期标准From International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, FIGO2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalnnnnnnb:肿瘤侵犯到宫颈基质外b: invasion into cervical

28、stromal outsidea:附件受侵或穿出浆膜/腹腔积液细胞学()a: out of the annex or serosal invasion/peritoneal fluid cytology (+)b:阴道扩散b: the spread of the vaginac:盆腔或主动脉周围淋巴结转移c: pelvic lymph node metastasis around the aortaa期:膀胱或直肠受侵a: involvement of bladder or rectumb期:远处转移或腹部、腹股沟淋巴结转移b: distant metastasis or the abdome

29、n, groin lymphnode metastasis2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital肌层受侵小于肌层受侵小于 Cancer Institute and2009-8-7子宫内膜癌子宫内膜癌Ib 期期 55岁岁-Stageb endometrial carcinoma in a 55-year-old womanT2WIT1WIT2WI1/2LiaoningInvaded myometrial less than 1/2Invased myome

30、trial more than1/2T2WI2009-8-7T1WI32子宫内膜癌子宫内膜癌Ic期期 40岁岁-Stage Ic endometrial carcinoma in a 40-year-old womanCE: T1WICE: T1WI肌层受侵大于肌层受侵大于1/2Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalLiaoning Cancer Institute andHospital2009-8-7Copyright 2007 by the American Roentgen Ray Society子宫内膜癌子宫内膜癌IIa期期 78岁岁-Stage

31、IIa endometrial carcinoma in a 78-year-old woman宫颈内膜受侵宫颈内膜受侵Invasion into cervical endometrialSala, E. et al. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2007;188:1577-1587T2WIT2WI2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital子宫内膜癌子宫内膜癌a期期-Stage a endometrial carcinoma双侧卵巢受侵双侧卵巢受侵tumor invading the ovariesT2WIT2WILiaoning Ca

32、ncer Institute andHospital子宫内膜癌子宫内膜癌b期期-Stage b endometrial carcinoma肌层受侵大于肌层受侵大于1/2伴阴道扩散伴阴道扩散Deep invasion 50% of the myometrialthickness of endometrial carcinoma(arrow).The spread of the vagina2009-8-7T2WI2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalRiccardo et.al子宫内膜癌子宫内膜癌c期期-Stage c endometrial

33、carcinoma肌层受侵大于肌层受侵大于1/2伴闭孔内淋巴结转移伴闭孔内淋巴结转移Deep invasion 50% of the myometrialthickness of endometrial carcinoma (arrow)and internal obturator lymph node metastasisT2WIRadiology 2004 18 ( 10).11482009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalT2WI直肠受侵直肠受侵Involvement of rectumT2WI子宫内膜癌子宫内膜癌a期期-Stage a e

34、ndometrial carcinomaT2WIT1WI2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalJpn Clinica lRadol 50（11）1514-1515Involvement of bladder子宫内膜癌子宫内膜癌a期期-Stage a endometrial carcinomaT2WIT2WI膀胱受侵膀胱受侵2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital子宫内膜癌子宫内膜癌b期期-Stage b endometrial carcinoma宫颈受侵、腹部多发转移宫颈受侵、腹部多发转移In

35、vasion into cervical and abdomenmetastasis2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital（二）子宫颈癌（二）子宫颈癌Cervical carcinoma2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalnnn病因:尚不清，可能与妇女性生活、生育史、生殖道病毒或细菌感染、性病、种族、地理和营养状况等相关Etiology: not clearly, maybe related with sexual life, reproductive history,reproducti

36、ve tract virus or bacterial infection, sexually transmitteddiseases, race, geography and nutrition肿瘤来源:95%为宫颈鳞状上皮；5%为宫颈管腺上皮Oncology resource : 95% from cervical squamous cell; 5% from thecervical epithelium好发部位：鳞状上皮和柱状上皮间的移行区Ocurrence site: transitional zone between squamous epithelium andcolumnar e

37、pithelium子宫颈癌的临床特征子宫颈癌的临床特征Clinical Characters of Cervical Carcinoma2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalnn临床表现：阴道出血是主要征象，可以是自然出血或接触性出血，合并感染时白带增多Clinical : the main symptom : vaginal bleeding with natural or contactbleeding, white discharge infection扩散方式：深部浸润、直接蔓延、淋巴转移，血行转移少The spreading: de

38、ep infiltration, direct spreading, lymph nodemetastasis, hematogenous metastasisn期：限于宫颈Stage confined to the cervixa:早期镜下浸润a - Diagnosed only by microscopy; no visible lesionsa1期:微灶浸润深度小于3mm,宽度小于7mma1 - stromal invasion less than 3 mm in depth and7 mm or less in horizontal spreada2期:融合性浸润，深度在3-5mm，宽

39、度7mma2 - stromal invasion between 3 and 5 mm withhorizontal spread of 7 mm or lessLiaoning Cancer Institute and2009-8-7Hospital子宫颈癌的临床分期子宫颈癌的临床分期Staging of Cervical Carcinoma采用国际妇产科联盟分期标准From International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, FIGO2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalb期：浸

40、润深度5mm，宽度7mmb - visible lesion or a microscopic lesion with more than 5 mm ofdepth or horizontal spread of more than 7 mmb1期：病灶可视最大径40mmb2 - visible lesion more than 4 cmn期：癌灶超越宫颈Stage involved in cervixa:癌肿未达到骨盆壁，累及阴道上部2/3a no parametrial invasion, but involved in upper 2/3 of vaginab:宫颈旁组织浸润b - pa

41、rametrial invasion2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitaln期：癌肿累及阴道下1/3和/或达到骨盆壁Stage III - extends to pelvic wall or lower third of the vaginaa期：癌肿累及阴道下1/3a - involves lower 1/3 of vaginab期：骨盆壁累和/或肾盂积水或无功能肾B - extends to pelvic wall and/or causes hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidneyn期：癌肿累及真

42、骨盆以外部分或累及膀胱或直肠(a)，到达远处器官(b)a - invades mucosa of bladder or rectum and/or extends beyond truepelvisb - distant metastasis2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital.2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospit

43、al -39842007000300014&tlng=en&lng=en&nrm=iso2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalnnnMRI轴位上显示为类圆形和不规则形分叶肿块MRI: a round, irregular-shaped and lobulated mass on axial MRI矢状位显示宫颈增大为桶状，宫颈管腔消失Enlarged cervix with barrel shape on sgaiggtal imagingT1WI呈等信号，T2WI呈高信号the disappearance of ce

44、rvical cannel iso-signal on T1WI; hyper-signal on T2WI子宫颈癌的子宫颈癌的MRI特征特征MRI Characters of Cervical Carcinoma癌肿的MRI表现MRI Characters of lesion2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalnnT2WI:癌肿与正常宫颈基质低信号及宫旁脂肪间隙有良好对比T2WI: good contrast between the tumor and normal cervicalstroma with low signal &

45、 parametrial space增强动态扫描，T1WI癌肿早期强化，可清晰显示病灶的形态、边界和宫颈基质受侵犯的深度CE: obviously showing enhanced tumor with shape and rimand the depth of cervical stromal invasion2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital癌肿侵犯深度的MRI评价Tumor invasion depth: evaluation by MRInn局限于粘膜内：浸润深度5mm，T1WI与T2WI呈中等信号，与正常粘膜接近;增强扫描可依据

46、早期强化的癌肿清晰显示病灶的边缘及其浸润的深度Confined in mucosa: the invasion depth 5mm，宽度，宽度7mmStromal invasion more than5 mm in depth and morethan7 mm in horizontal spreadT1WIT2WI2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital浸润深度浸润深度5mm，宽度，宽度7mmStromal invasion more than5 mm in depth and morethan7 mm in horizontal sprea

47、d子宫颈癌子宫颈癌Ib期期-Stage b cervical carcinomaT2WIT2WI2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital子宫颈癌子宫颈癌a期期 34岁岁-Stage a cervical carcinoma in a 34-year-old womanT2WIT2WIT2WIT1WI癌肿累及阴道上部癌肿累及阴道上部2/3involved in upper 2/3 ofvagina2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital子宫颈癌子宫颈癌b期期 47岁岁-Stage b cervic

48、al carcinoma in a 47-year-old woman宫颈旁组织浸润宫颈旁组织浸润parametrial invasionT2WIT2WISala, E. et al. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2007;188:1577-1587子宫颈癌子宫颈癌b期期-Stage b cervical carcinoma宫颈旁组织浸润宫颈旁组织浸润parametrial invasion2009-8-7T2WIT2WIT2WILiaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalT2WILiaoning Cancer Institute andHospital

49、2009-8-7Copyright 2007 by the American Roentgen Ray Society子宫颈癌子宫颈癌IIb期期 42岁岁-Stage IIb cervical cancer in 42-year-old womanT2WI宫颈旁组织浸润宫颈旁组织浸润parametrial invasionT2WISala, E. et al. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2007;188:1577-15872009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital子宫颈癌子宫颈癌IIIa期期 45岁岁-Stage a cervical

50、 cancer in 45-year-old womanT2WI累及阴道下累及阴道下1/3extends to the lower 1/3 of vaginaT2WI2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital子宫颈癌子宫颈癌IVa期期 39岁岁-Stage a cervical cancer in 39-year-old womanT2WI累及直肠累及直肠extends to rectumT2WISala, E. et al. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2007;188:1577-1587Liaoning Cancer Institu

51、te andHospital2009-8-7Copyright 2007 by the American Roentgen Ray Society子宫颈癌子宫颈癌IVa期期-Stage a cervical cancer累及膀胱累及膀胱extends to rectum and bladderT2WISala, E. et al. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2007;188:1577-15872009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital（三）子宫肉瘤（三）子宫肉瘤Uterine Sarcoma2009-8-7Liaoning Cance

52、r Institute andHospitalnnn病因：尚不清Etiology: unclear肿瘤来源:子宫平滑肌、子宫内膜间质、血管、纤维组织Oncology Source: uterine smooth muscle, endometrial stromal, vascular,fibrous tissues病理分类：子宫平滑肌肉瘤、子宫内膜间质肉瘤、混合型同源mullerian肉瘤、混合型异源mullerian肉瘤Pathological classification: uterine leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromalsarcoma, homol

53、ogous mixed mullerian sarcoma, mixed mullerianheterologous sarcoma子宫肉瘤的临床特征子宫肉瘤的临床特征Clinical Characters of Uterine Sarcoma2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospital临床表现Clinical manifestationsnnnn最常见症状不规则阴道出血Common symptoms- irregular vaginal bleeding肿瘤生长过快、过度膨胀或瘤内出血坏死Excessive tumor growth, exces

54、sive swelling or bleeding andnecrosis腹痛及肿瘤的压迫症状Symptoms of oppression and pain触及腹部包块Palpable abdominal mass2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalnn生长方式：多数为弥漫性生长，与肌层分界不清，无包膜Growth : the majority of them having diffuse growth with unclearboundaries between muscular and tumor and without envelope扩散方式：直接侵犯、淋巴转移、血行转移Spreading: direct invasion,lymphatic metastasis, hematogenousmetastasis2009-8-7Liaoning Cancer Institute andHospitalnnnn子宫肉瘤的MRI表现无特异性No specific findings on MRI of uterine sarcoma子宫肉瘤较之其它肿瘤，体积一般较大Compared with other tumors, generally having