2012年职称英语考试：理工类高频词汇辨析大全

1、2012年职称英语考试：理工类高频词汇辨析大全（一）中华考试网()  【大 中 小】   2011年11月2日 -1.just，fairjust合乎情理的fair事情公平的2.frank，honest，sincerefrank坦城的honest诚实的sincere真诚的3.admire，respectadmire羡慕respect尊敬4.alter。change，transformalter(局部)发生变化change(整体)发生变化transform(物质本质/性质)发生变化5.cure.healcure治愈疾病heal治愈伤口6.damage，des

2、troydamage(部分)破坏/损坏destroy(彻底地)毁坏7.decrease，deducedecrease在数量和程度上减少deduce在尺寸或速度上减少8.assure，ensure，insure assure使(人)相信，放心，保证ensure确保，保证insure保险9.1ater.1ately，latterlater稍后，以后lately近来，最近latter(多指两者中的)后者10.adjacent和adjloining这些词都有next to“紧挨”的意思。adiacent"毗邻的，邻近的”，但它们可能并不相互直接接触。adioining和contiguous指

3、相互接触，通常之间有一个edge或boundary。11.advise和adviceadvise"劝告”(动词);advice"劝告”(名词)。12affect和effect12affect和effectaffect"影响”vt.，它的第二个意思是“假装”，Though she attectes indifference,I Knew She was really very upseteffect n.“结果”，“效力”。vt.“产生”，“导致”，它比“to cause，t0 bring out'更为正式。His aim was to effect a r

4、adical change in the party structure.13.all ready和alreadyall ready意思是"COBpletely prepared'already'已经”。He had already had his hmeh.14.altogether和all togetheraltogether(in total)“总共”，all together意思是“in a group'。如：We put the sheep all together in one field.这两个词还可以分开。We put all the shee

5、p together in one field.15.besides和besidebesides意思是“in addition to”“加之，还有，另外”;而beside“在旁边”，“在一侧”。Duncan is the tall man standing beside my father.站在我爸爸旁边的高个子男子是邓肯。16.coherence和cohesioncoherence"统一,一致性”;cohesion"结合力，团结”，The cohesion 0r molecules分子的结合力。pare with和 compare tocompare with'和

6、比起来”compare to"好比”。He compared the moon to a silver plate.他把月亮比成一个大银盘。18.impel和compelimpel"推动，驱使，激励”。impel sb.t0 do sth.激励某人做某事;compel"强迫，胁迫，迫使”。compel sb.to oneg will强迫人服从自己。plement和complimentcomplement"补足(物)，补全”，“补足语”。compliment"恭维话，赞辞，敬意”;Your presence is a great complime

7、nt.承蒙光临，不胜荣幸。20.continual和continuouscontinual"连续，继续”;“频繁的”;continual bouts 0f toothache一阵接一阵的牙痛。(这中间可能有停顿或间断。)continuous"连续”(指从不间断的);we've had three weeks 0f continuous rain.我们这里连续三周下雨不停。21.might和could might表明“possibility'。could应该用来表明"permission".Mum said we could(might)g

8、0 t0 the football match.22.council和counselcouncil"议事机构”，委员会a cabinet council内阁会议。counsel"商议，劝告”;follow sb.'s counsel close牢记某人忠告。23.economical和economiceconomic"经济学的，经济上的”an economic survey of Scotland苏格兰经济调查;an economic block.ade经济封锁;economical"节俭的，经济的”;He's had t0 learn

9、to be more economical now that his only e is a small pension.24.historical和historichistorical"有关历史的"，“历史的”，the historical period历史阶段;historical personage历史人物。historic“历史上有名的，有历史意义的”，historic town历史名城。25.infer和implyinfer"猜想，臆测”，“推断”;infer a motive from an effect从效果推知动机。imply“含有的意思”;Do

10、you realize what his words imply?你理解他说话的含意吗?I do not imply that you are wrong.我的意思不是说你错了。26.intense和ense“激烈的，强烈的”，“紧张的”an intense light强烈的灯光;intense heat酷热;an intense life奋发图强的生活。intensive“加强的，集中的”;“深入细致的，彻底的”;an intensive bombardment密集炮击;an intensive study彻底的研究;an intensive reading精读(o

11、pp.Extensive reading泛读)。27.apt和prone它们都具有“tending to 0r in the habit of¨的意思，但是prone只用于人。Elderly people are prone t0 falls，often because of arthritic joints or dizziness.28.100se和loseloose"松的，宽的”。lose"丢失”;lose oneg balance失去平衡，跌倒;lose oneg head被搞糊涂。29.magical和magic它们都和magic有关系，但是magica

12、l也有"wonderful，entrancing'的意思。30.masterly和masterfulmasterly(showing great skill or the skill 0f a master)“熟练的;名家的”。Masterful(showing power or authority)“主人派头的，专横的”;Youi'e so strong and masterful2012年职称英语考试：理工类C级概括大意题(1)中华考试网()  【大 中 小】   2011年10月9日 -Science Fiction 1

13、Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore， some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.2 I

14、t is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature， but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society， a theme which is still often found in modern stories.3 Most

15、of the classics of science fiction， however， have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells， to mention just two well-known authors， have been translated into many languages.4 Modern science fiction writers don't write about men from Mars or

16、space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones.5 In an age wher

17、e science fact frequently overtakes science fiction， the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going， however， may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably fac

18、e as it tries to master its new technology.1 Paragraph 2_.2 Paragraph 3_.3 Paragraph 4_.4 Paragraph 5_.A Popularity of Science FictionB A Fairly New DevelopmentC Classics of Science FictionD Difficulty in Keeping ahead of Scientific AdventureE Origins of Science FictionF Themes of Modern Science Fic

19、tion5 Some form of ideal society is_.6 Books written by J. Verne are_.7 People enjoy_.8 Works of modern science fiction have_.A a recurrent(反复出现的) themeB concerned with the problems that we have to solve in the futureC reading books of science fictionD political implications(涵义)E a current themeF re

20、ad worldwide2012年职称英语考试：理工类C级概括大意题(2)中华考试网()  【大 中 小】   2011年10月9日 -Nice Name But She's So Deadly 1 More than a million people in the United States were told to leave their homes over the weekend as Hurricane (飓风) Dennis headed to the Gulf coast， after killing at least 15 peo

21、ple in the Caribbean Sea.2 If you read the news often enough， you may notice that all hurricanes are given names. Why is that? Remember， there can be more than one hurricane operating at one time. Without naming them， we could get confused about which storm we're talking about.3 For hundreds of

22、years， hurricanes in the Caribbean were named after the particular religious day on which they occurred. One Australian meteorologist (气象学家) began giving women's names to tropical storms at the end of the 19t" century. In 1953， the US National Weather Service， which is responsible for track

23、ing hurricanes and issuing warnings， began using female names for storms. By 1979， both women and men's names were being used. One name for each letter of the alphabet (字母表) is selected， except for Q， U and Z.4 So who decides which names are used each year? The World Meteorological Organization

24、uses six lists in rotation， so each list is reused every six years.5 Here's a list of the 2005 Atlantic hurricanes， according to the US National Hurricane Centre： Arlene， Bret， Cindy， Dennis， Emily， Franklin， Gert， Harvey， Irene， Jose， Katrina， Lee， Maria， Nate， Ophelia， Philippe， Rita， Stan， Ta

25、mmy， Vince， Wilma.1 Paragraph 12 Paragraph 23 Paragraph 34 Paragraph 4A Reason for naming hurricanesB Warning of an approaching hurricaneC Deadly womenD History of naming hurricanesE Organization responsible for naming hurricanesF Ways to track hurricanes5 Over a million people were warned not6 The

26、responsibility of the US National Weather Service is7 Hurricanes are given names8 At the end of the 19th century， women's names startedA to track hurricanes and issue WarningsB to avoid confusionC to stay at homeD to be given to tropical stormsE to make predictionsF to kill at least 15 people参考答

27、案:1. B2. A3. D4. E 5. C6. A7. B8. D参考答案:1. E2. C3. F4. D 5. A6. F7. C8. D2012年职称英语考试：理工类C级概括大意题(3)中华考试网()  【大 中 小】   2011年10月9日 -阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第1-4题 要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题 要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Even Intelligent People Can Fail1 The striking thing

28、about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light， take a photograph， watch TV， search the Web， jet across the Pacific Ocean， talk on a cell-phone (手机)。 The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂)

29、of wrong turns.2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison's success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey， US. He did that on October 22， 1879， and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard

30、alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan， even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on， on September 4， 1882.3 "Many of life's failures，" the supreme innov

31、ator said， "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879， Edison had worked out no fewer than 3，000 theories about electric light， but in only two cases did his experiments work.4 No one likes failure， but the

32、smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz， the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc， attributes some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is： "You only fail when you quit."5 Over two centuries， the most common quality of the inno

33、vators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney， the founder of Disneyland， was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1.50 to

34、get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.6 Failure is harder to bear in today's open， accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and t

35、he media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time， a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen's company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually， it wasn't

36、. After four years of losses， Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.1 Paragraph 22 Paragraph 33 Paragraph 44 Paragraph 5A Importance of learning from failureB Quality shared by most innovatorsC Edison's innovationD Edison's comment on fai

37、lureE Contributions made by innovatorsF Miseries endured by innovators5 People often didn't realize how close they were to success when6 Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model T car，7 Walt Disney was once so poor that8 The media demand thatA he developed 3，000 theoriesB he couldn't

38、 afford to buy a pair of shoesC he found himself an unsuccessful manD they quittedE an innovation should work immediatelyF failure is the mother of success参考答案:1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. E2012年职称英语考试：理工类C级概括大意题(4)中华考试网()  【大 中 小】   2011年10月9日 -60th Annlversary Ceremony

39、 in Moscow 1 With thousands of soldiers and war veterans parading across Moscow's Red Square and fighter jets screaming overhead， Russia celebrated the 60th anniversary of defeating Nazi Germany. More than 50 world leaders， including China's President Hu Jintao， attended the ceremony.2 Speak

40、ing at the start of the parade， Russia's President Vladimir Putin praised all those who fought for freedom and independence. "The war shows that resorting to force to solve problems will result in tragedy for the world， so a peaceful order should be safeguarded (护卫) based on security， justi

41、ce and cultural exchange，" Putin said. "Faced with the real threat of terrorism today， we must remain faithful to the memory of our fathers. It is our duty to defend a world order based on security and justice and on a new culture of relations among nations that will not allow a repeat of

42、any war， neither 'cold' nor 'hot'，" he continued.3 The Second World War is perhaps the most catastrophic (灾难性的) event that mankind has ever suffered. The war affected 80 per cent of the world's people at that time， from 61 countries， and claimed 55 million lives.4 After the

43、celebration， President Hu said that peace， development and cooperation were the future. "China will unswervingly (坚定地) follow the road of peace and development and will make a joint effort with all nations to contribute to safeguarding world peace and promoting development，" he said.5 Germ

44、an Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder asked Russia for forgiveness for the suffering Germany inflicted (造成) during the Second World War in an article in Sunday's Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper. "Today we ask forgiveness for the suffering inflicted upon the Russian people and other peoples at the

45、hands of Germans and in the name of Germans，" Schroeder said.6 President Hu and the other leaders also joined a wreath (花圈) laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers on Monday.1 Paragraph 22 Paragraph 33 Paragraph 44 Paragraph 5A Pacific warB Gloomy worldC Putin's commemorating sp

46、eechD China's determinationE Schroeder's plea for forgivenessF World's worst disaster5 Russia celebrated6 World War Two deprived7 China pledges herself to follow8 The world leaders finally attendedA an opening ceremonyB 61 countriesC a wreath laying ceremonyD the 60th anniversary of its

47、victory over Nazi GermanyE the road of peace and developmentF 55 million people of their lives参考答案:1. C2. F3. D4. E 5. D6. F7. E8. C2012年职称英语考试：理工类C级概括大意题(5)中华考试网()  【大 中 小】   2011年10月9日 -Messages from the Media 1 The weather forecast， a story about the candidates in an election，

48、 and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media. A communication medium， of which the plural (复数的) form is media， is a means of communicating a message. Examples of media are television， radio， newspapers and books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called

49、 mass media.2 It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements， for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages， even though they are sometimes an

50、noying. They help us compare and evaluate products.3 Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think， for a moment， about how you learn about local news and events. Do you depend on other people or the media? What about international news? What is the most important sou

51、rce of information for you? People who are asked this question usually answer， "Television."4 Think of all the messages you received today. Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast， or maybe you read advertisements on billboards (露天广告牌 on your way to school. Did you listen to a weathe

52、r forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning? Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication-a book.5 We use the information we get from radio， television， newspapers， and other media to make decisions and form opinions. That is why the mass me

53、dia are so important. Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote， consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money， and international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about questions of war and peace.1 Paragraph 2 .2 Paragraph 33 Paragraph

54、44 Paragraph 5A Importance of Classroom LearningB Television A Rich Source of InformationC Advertisements as Important Messages from the Mass MediaD Various Messages One May Receive Each DayE Media Means to Communicate MessagesF Importance of the Mass Media5 Each day we get a lot of messages from6 T

55、elevision， radio and books are all important media of7 For most people television is the most important8 The mass media are important to us because they shapeA sports newsB our decisions and opinionsC mass communicationD our messagesE source of informationF the mass media参考答案:1. C2. B3. D4. F 5. F6.

56、 C7. E8. B2012年职称英语考试：理工类C级概括大意题(6)中华考试网()  【大 中 小】   2011年10月9日 -Keeping Cut Flowers 1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house， few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.2 An important thi

57、ng to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example， studies have shown that cut carnations (康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12 than when kept at 26。 Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects， such as bees， for pollination (授粉)。 After that， they quickly dry