生理学英文分章题库

1、精品文档英文题第六章（ 06. 3.17） . choise question1. Which of the followingdescriptionsaboutthe generalcharacteristicsof smoothmuscle of alimentary tract is wrong? EA. Its excitability of the smooth muscle of the gut is low.B. It has autorhythmicity.C. It has tonic contraction.D. It has high extensibility.E. I

2、t is not sensitive to stretch, chemical, cold, and warm stimulation.2. Which of the following descriptions about the tonic contraction of smooth muscle of alimentary tract is wrong? EA. It is a common movement type of stomach and small intestine.B. To keeps the stomach and the intestine in their nor

3、mal shape and location.C. To maintains a given pressure in alimentary tract lumenD. To provides an adequate background for other forms of movementE. When tonic contraction become weak, the absorption of gastrointestinal tract increases.3. The rhythm of the spontaneous contraction of gastrointestinal

4、 smooth muscle is determined mainly by AA. the rhythm of the slow wave.B. the level of the resting membrane potential. C. the frequency of the action potential.D. the amplitude of the action potential.E. the level of activity of the sympathetic nerve.4. Which of the following descriptions about the

5、slow wave of smooth muscle of alimentary tract is wrong? EA. It is the spontaneous depolarization and repolarrization B. It originate in the Cajal cell.C. After the nerves innervating the gut are cut, the slow wave still persist. D. It may be the pacemaker potential for smooth muscle.E. It cause dir

6、ectly the smooth muscle to contrat.5. Functionalbase of the autorhythmicityofthe smooth muscle ofgastrointestinaltract is CA. The action potential.B. The resting membrane potentialC. The basic electrical rhythm (BER).D. The tonic contraction.E. the smooth muscle spontaneous contraction.6. The cause

7、initiating slow wave is AA. A slow undulation of the activity of the Na+-K+ pump.B. A spontaneous depolarization and repolarization of cell membraneC. Na+-Ca2+ exchange.D. I k progressively attenuate decrementE. Ca2+ inflow。1 欢迎下载精品文档7.Ionicbaseoftherisingphaseofactionpotentialinsmoothmuscleofgastro

8、intestinal tract is AA. inflow of Ca2+ and small amount ofB. Na+ inflowC. Ca2+ inflowB. K+ outflowD. Cl- outflowE. Cl- inflow8. Which of the following descriptions about the innervation of digestive organs is correct ? CA. Postganglionic fiber terminals of sympathetic nerve release acetylcholine (Ac

9、h) B. All postganglionic fiber terminals of parasympathetic nerve release Ach C. After the external innervation of the gut are cut, the short reflexes may be completed.D. Activityof sympatheticnerve increasesthe movement ofgastrointestinaltract.E. Activity of parasympathetic nerve inhibits the secre

10、tion of digestive glands.9. Which of the following descriptions about enteric nervous system is wrong ? E A. The number of neurons in this intrinsic nervous system is almost equal to the number in spinal cord.B. It contains sensory neurons, motor neurons and intermediate neurons. C. It can complete

11、a short reflex without the external innervation.D. It regulates the movement and glands secretion of gastrointestinal tract. E. It is not affected by the external innervation.10. Which of the following is not the function of HCl ? EA. To activate the pepsinogenB. To kill bacteriaC. To stimulate the

12、upper small intestinal mucosa to release secretinD. To promote absorption of the ferrum and calcium in the upper small intestinal. E. To promotes vitamin B12 to be absorbed11. Which of the following descriptions about the secretion of the gastric acid is wrong? EA. It is secreted by the parietal cel

13、ls.B. The intracellular H+ is transported by proton pump into the canaliculus lumen.C. The omeprazole (奥美拉唑 ) inhibits strongly the secretion of gastric acid.D. When one H+ is secreted, one HCO3- enters blood.E. HCl in gastric lumen do not affect the gastric secretion.12. The location where the vita

14、min B12 to be absorbed is C A. StomachB. DuodenumC. Terminal ileumD. JejunumE. Large intestine13. The substance that activates the pepsinogen into pepsin is B A. Enterokinase。2 欢迎下载精品文档B. HCl and pepsinC. HistamineD. TrypsinE. Chymotryosin14. Which of the following is not the function of gastrin D A

15、. To promote the parietal cell to secrete HClB. To promote the pancreatic acini to secrete digestive enzyme C. To promote the liver to secrete the bileD. To promote the absorption of fat acidE. To have the trophic action to gastrointestinal mucosa15. Which of the following inhibits the G cells from

16、releasing gastrin B A. The intragastric food stretches gastric wall.B. The pH in the gastric antrum is below 1.5C. The intragastrioc peptones and the proteoses and peptides increaseD. The activity of vagus nerve increasesE. The short reflex caused by stretch of food to the wall of gastric antrum16.

17、The transport manner by which the parietal cells secrete H+ is A A. Primary active transportB. Second active transport C. Facilitated diffusionD. Simple diffusion E. Exocytosis17.AfterblockingtheMreceptorsbytheatropine,thechangeofthegastrointestinal tract isA. The secretion of digestive glands incre

18、ases. EB. The slow waves loseC. The tonic contraction losesD. The peristalsis losesE. The tonic contraction and peristalsis weaken18. Which of following substances do not increase the gastric secretion E A. GastrinB. Histamine C. acetylcholineD. Activity of vagus nerve E. Somatostatin19. Which of fo

19、llowing substance do not inhibit gastric secretion EA. SomatostatinB. SecretinC. ProstaglandinsD. H2 receptor antagonist,E. Protein foods20. Which of the followingdescriptionsabout the cephalicphase of gastricsecretionis wrong? AA. It is pure nervous regulation.。3 欢迎下载精品文档B. It involves conditioned

20、reflex and unconditioned reflex.C. M receptors antagonists decrease gastric secretion in this phase.D. It can eliminated by cutting bilateral vagus nervesE. The secretion has high acidity, contains a copious amount of pepsin.21. Which of the following descriptions about the gastric phase of gastric

21、secretion is wrong?A. It is initiated mainly by the distention of food on gastric wall.B. It involves the vagus-vagus long reflexC. It It involves the short reflex of enteric nervous system.D. It do not involves the release and function of the gastrinE. The secretion has a low acidity, but its pepsi

22、n content is higher than that in the cephalic phase22. One of mechanism by which HCl inhibit is CA. Intragastric HCl promotes G cells to release gastrin.B. Intragastric HCl inhibits D cells from releasing somatostatin.C. Intraintestinal HCl causes S cells secrete scretinD. Intraintestinal HCl inhibi

23、ts duodenal mucosa from secreting bulbogastrone.E. HCl inhibits directly the parietal cells.23. Movement type peculiar to stomach is B A. Tonic contractionB. Receptive relaxationC. Migrating motor complex D. PeristalsisE. Mass movement24. Aftercuttingthe bilateralvagus nerves,the gastricreceptiverel

24、axationwillAA. LoseB. WeakenC. StrengthenD. No changeE. Weaken or strengthen25. Which of the following descriptions about the gastric peristalsis is wrong E A. It is a cooperating movement of the longitudinal muscle and circular muscle B. It is one of the motivity of gastric emptingC. It begin in th

25、e mid portion of the body of the stomach. D. It is about 3 times per minute.E. It does not partake in mixing, and grinding the stomach contents.26. Which of thefollowingdescriptionsaboutthe migratingmotorcomplex iswrongAA. It is movement type peculiar to small intestine.B. It occurs on fasting perio

26、dC. It propagates from the stomach to the terminal ileumD. In humans, the MMC repeats every 75 to 90 minutesE. It inhibits the migration of colonic bacteria into the small terminal ileum。4 欢迎下载精品文档27. Which of the following inhibits the gastric empting D A. The long vagus-vagus reflexB. The locally

27、short reflexC. AcetylcholineD. The enterogastric reflexE. Histamine28. Which of the following promotes the gastric empting A A. The increased intragastric food volumeB. The stimulation of HCl to the duodenal mucosaC. The increased fatty content of the chyme in duodenumD. The increased osmotic pressu

28、re of the chyme in duodenum E. Secretin and gastric inhibitory peptide29. Which of the following descriptions about the gastric empting is wrong EA. Five minutes after the food enters stomach, the stomach begins to empty.B. Its direct drivingforce is the pressure differencebetween the stomach and th

29、eduodenum.C. Its motivity is the peristalsis and gastric tonic contractionD. The gastricemptyingrateof fatisthe lowest.thatof saccharideis the fastest,E. Acetylcholine inhibits gastric empting30. The most important digestive juice in human is B A. Gastric juiceB. Pancreatic juice C. BileD. Small int

30、estinal juiceE. Large intestinal juice31. The most potent stimulus for secretin release from S cells in upper small intestinal mucosa AA. HClB. Protein digestive products C. Fatty acidD. SaccharidesE. Efferent impulses of vagus nerve32. The most potent stimulus for CCK release from D cellsin upper s

31、mall intestinalmucosa BA. HClB. Protein digestive productsC. SaccharidesD. SaccharidesE. Efferent impulses of vagus nerve33. Factor causing the pancreas to secrete a large amount ofbicarbonate and wateris AA. SecretinB. GastrinC. Acetylcholine。5 欢迎下载精品文档D. CCKE. Histamine34. The most important facto

32、r resulting in secretion of pancreatic enzymes is BA. SomatostatinB. CCKC. SecretinD. GastrinE. Activity of vagus nerves35. Type of movement peculiar to the small intestine is E A. Tonic contractionB. Receptive relaxationC. Migrating motor complex D. PeristalsisE. Segmentation movement38. Main mecha

33、nism by which the acidic chyme in the duodenum causes pancreases to secrete large amount of bicarbonate and water is AA. Small intestinal mucosa releases secretin B. Small intestinal mucosa releases CCK C. Small intestinal mucosa releases gastrinD. Vagus-vagus reflex - gastropancreatic reflex E. Ant

34、ral- pancreatic reflex37. Main mechanism by which the proteoses and peptones in the duodenum causes pancreases to secrete large amount of pancreatic enzyme is BA. Small intestinal mucosa releases secretinB. Small intestinal mucosa releases CCKC. Small intestinal mucosa releases gastrinD. Activity of

35、 vagus nerves increasesE. Activity of sympathetic nerves increases38. Characteristic of pancreatic secretion caused by the activity of vagus nerves and gastrin is AA. Small volume but rich in enzymes. B. Large volume and rich in enzymes C. Large volume but poor in enzymes D. Small volume and poor in

36、 enzymes E. It can not be blocked by atropine39.Which ofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutsegmentationmovement ofsmallintestine the is wrong EA. It is caused by the distention of chyme to small intestinal wall.B. It move the intestinal content forth and back over short distanceC. It promote absorption of

37、 the digestive productsD. It promote the return of blood and lymphE. It does not relate to the enteric nervous system40. Which of the following descriptions about the function of bile is wrong E A. There is no any digestive enzyme in the bile.。6 欢迎下载精品文档B. Function of bile in digestion of food is ac

38、complished mainly by the bile salts.C. Cholates promote the absorption of liposoluble vitamin。D. Cholates help in the absorption of fatty acid.E. Cholates promote cholesterol deposition. .Define following word1.DigestionDigestionreferto process by whichthe differentfoodsin thealimentarytract are res

39、olved into small molecular components.2.Mechanical digestion. The contractile activity of muscle of alimentary tractgrinds food, mixes it with the digestive juice, and propels the luminal contentsfromproximaltodistalalimentarytract,whichiscalledthemechanicaldigestion.3.ChemicaldigestionThe processby

40、 which variousspecialenzymes containedinthedigestive juice breakdown foodstuffs into simple and absorbable forms4.AbsorptionThe process thatthedigestedfoods,water,electrolytes,and vitaminsare transported across the gastrointestinal tract mucosa into blood and lymph iscalled the absorption.5.Basicele

41、ctricrhythm(BER)Usually,thesmoothmuscleofalimentarytractdepolarizes and repolarizes spontaneously and slowly in a cyclic fashion; thiselectric activity is called slow wave or basic electrical rhythm (BER).6.Gastrointestinal hormone or gut hormone The various hormones secreted by theendocrinecellsint

42、hegastrointestinalmucosa arecollectivelycalledthegastrointestinalhormone orguthormone. Allthegastrointestinalhormones arethepeptide.7.Brain-gutpeptide:Many peptidecalledthegastrointestinalhormones are alsothetransmitter of neurons in certain regions of central nervous system; these doubledistributin

43、g peptides are collectively called the brain-gut peptide.8.Mucus bicarbonatebarrierThe layerofinsolublemucusandbicarbonateconstructsa barrierprotectingthestomachmucosa frominjuryby the gastricjuiceand food, which is called mucus-bicarbonate barrier.9.Cephalicphase ofgastricsecretionWhenfoodisbeing e

44、aten,thesensoryreceptorsactivatingthe reflex of gastric secretion are locatedon the head, this is calledcephalic phase of gastric secretion.10.Gastric phase of gastric secretion After entering the stomach, food stimulatesthemechanicaland chemicalreceptorsin thestomach wall,thuscausingcontinuouslygas

45、tric secretion, which is called gastric phase of gastric secretion.11.ReceptiverelaxationDuringchewing and swallowingfood,the stimulationoffoodtothereceptorsinmouth,pharynx,and esophagus causesreflexlythe smooth muscleinthefundusand body of stomach torelax,which is calledthereceptiverelaxation.12. P

46、eristalsis Peristalsis is wave-like propulsive movement carried out by acooperatingmovementofthelongitudinalmuscleandcircularmuscleinthealimentary tract.13. Migrating motor complexm During fasting (or in interdigestive period, or innondigestiveperiod),thestomach and smallintestineexhibita periodical

47、movementthatischaracterizedby strongpropulsivecontractionand havinglongerquiescentperiod, which is called migrating motor complex (MMC).。7 欢迎下载精品文档14.EnterogastricreflexAfterenteringtheduodenum,HCl, fat,high osmoticpressure, and the distention of the chyme stimulate a variety of receptors in theduod

48、enum and thus reflexlyinhibitsgastricmotility,gastricsecretion,and gastricemptying, which is called enterogastric reflex.15.Entero-hepatic circulation of bile salts About 90 to 94 per cent of bile saltsemptied into duodenum are reabsorbed by the terminal ileum, are then returned byportal veinto live

49、r,where they are removed from bloodand re-secretedinto bile;this process is called entero-hepatic circulation of bile salts16.Segmentation movement When a portion of the small intestine becomes distendedwithchyme,thestretchofthe intestinalwallelicitsa rhythmicalcontractionandrelaxation of localized

50、circular muscles spaced at intervals along the intestine,which is called segmentation contraction or segmentation movement.17.Peristalticrush The intenseirritationofthesmallintestinalmucosa can causeboth powerful and rapid peristalsis, called the peristaltic rush.18.Mass movement Mass movement is a

51、colonic peristalsis propelling rapidly long distance. .Answer following question1. Describe the composition, and function of gastric juice(1) Hydrochloric acid (gastric acid) HCl in stomach activates the pepsinogen into pepsin and provide a favorable acidic environment for the optimal activity of th

52、is enzyme. It kills bacteria that enter the digestive tract with food. After entering the small intestine, it stimulate the upper small intestinalmucosa to releasesecretinand cholecystokinin,which in turncause pancreaticjuice,pancreatic enzyme, and bile to be secreted. It lowers pH in small intestine, thus pro