关系副词引导的定

1、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why关系副词 when, where, why的含义相当于介词介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，when代替的先行词是表示时间的名词，在从句中做状语。 例如： July is the month when we have a lot of rain.(when=in which). There was a time when there were no radios, telephones or TV sets here.(when =dur

2、ing which) where代替的先行词是表示地点的名词，在从句中做状语。 Beijing is the place where I was born. (where=in which) The school where his sister works is a key school in JiangShu Province.(where =at which) Have you ever been to the house where Lu Xun once lived.(where=in which)Why代替的先行词是表示理由的名词（通常是the reason），在从句中做状语。 I

3、s this the reason why he refused our offer? (why=for which) The reason why Peter failed was his laziness.(why=for which)2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略， His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. He is unlikely to find the

4、place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. The reason that he missed the train was that he got up late. I dont like the way (that) he speaks to his mother.三、判断关系代词与关系副词方法三、判断关系代词与关系副词方法 一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 例如： This is the mountain vill

5、age where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） Ill never forget th

6、e days (which) I spent in the countryside. 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. I work in a business_almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C.where D. that 答案：例1C，本题考查定语从句中的关系词的选用问题。定语从句有主语和宾语，因此不需要关系代词。关系副词在句中做地点状语。本句意思为：我从事一种几乎人人都在等待好机会的工作。 例2.

7、Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held？ A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one 例2 A 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, th

8、at, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。五、介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。 3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day in which you jo

9、ined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 介词的选择往往受到上下文的制约。在结合语意的基础上，我们可以从下面几个角度判断该用什么介词。 1根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词的使用 This is the factory in which he works.(in the factory) This is the farm on which he works.(on the farm)2根据从句中谓语动词搭配的需要来确定介词的使用 The car on which he spent 240,000yuan

10、 is made in Shang Hai.(to spend money on sth.) The car for which he paid 240,000yuan is made in ShangHai.(to pay money for sth) 3根据从句句意的需要来确定介词的使用 Wang Hong, with whom I went to the concert yesterday evening, enjoyed herself very much.4根据主从句搭配关系的需要来确定句中介词的使用。 I dont know the student with whom Mary q

11、uarreled yesterday. (to quarrel with sb.) I dont know the thing about which they quarreled yesterday. (to quarrel about sth.)六不能构成“介词+ 关系代词”结构的情况在某些情况下，介词一般不能位于关系代词之前，而必须放在定语从句的句末。某些短语动词中的介词某些含有介词的短语动词，由于动词和介词的关系比较紧密，一般不将介词与动词拆开。，这类短语动词有：listen to, look at, depend on, take care of, look forward to, get rid of(错)This is the boy of whom sh