医药-临床-护理江南大学-图谱解析ppt课件

1、Introduction Spectroscopy the cornerstone of the organic chemistry of the second half of the twentieth century. Using spectroscopic techniques to solve structural problems.Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), in 1930sInfrared spectroscopy (IR), in 1940 functionalityMass spectrometry (MS), in 1950s molecul

2、ar formulaNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), in 1950s Molecular skeletonThe pace of progress in structure determination1960s, the advent of the Varian Associates A-60 spectrometer proton NMR1970s, the development of the FT instrument carbon-13 NMR (CMR)1990s, two-dimensional (2D) NMR, a

3、daughter of the computer revolution UV to detect conjugated systems, the promotion of electrons from the ground state to the excited state IR to detect and identify the vibrations of molecules, especially the characteristic vibrations of the double and triple bonds present in many functional groups

4、NMR to detect changes in the alignment of nuclear magnets in strong magnetic fields, such nuclei as 1H, 13C, 15N, 19F, P31 etc.MS to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of organic ionsWhere UV, IR, NMR rely on the selective absorption of electromagnetic radiationSpectroscopic methodsX-ray diffraction t

5、o pinpoint centres of high electron density (i.e. the atoms)Microwave absorption to measure molecular rotationsElectron spin resonance to detect unpaired electrons and measure the distribution of electron density in radicalsOptical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism to measure the change in

6、rotatory power of molecules, be related to the absolute configuration of moleculesOther regions of the electromagnetic spectrumThe measurement of pKs, reaction rates, and dipole moments, also can be used for structure determination. more specialized than the four spectroscopic methodsOther physical

7、methods附：常用光谱分析法分类光谱分析法 波长区域 波数区域, cm-1 跃迁类型 射线发射 0.005-1.4 核 X 射线吸收，发射，荧光，衍射 0.1-100 内层电子 真空紫外吸收 10-180 nm 1106 to 5104 价电子 紫外-可见吸收，发射，荧光 180-780 nm 5104 to 1.3104 价电子 红外吸收，拉曼散射 0.78-300 m 1.3104 to 3.3101 分子振动/转动 微波吸收 0.75-3.75 mm 13-27 分子转动 电子自旋共振 3 cm 0.33 电子在磁场中的自旋 核磁共振 0.6-10 m 1.710-2 to 1103 核在磁场中的自旋 Reference 波谱分析法波谱分析法沈淑娟沈淑娟 华东化工学院出版社华东化工学院出版社有机结构分析有机结构分析伍越寰伍越寰 中国科学技术大学出版社中国科学技术大学出版社光谱解析法