高中同位语从句精讲和练习题

1、同位语从句讲解是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从旬、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词（短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词（短语）加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。详细信息一个内叫或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1 .名词作同位语MrWang,mychild'steacher,w川bevisitingusonTuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2 .短语作同位语1,

2、theoldestgirlinthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3 .直接引语作同位语Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4 .句子作同位语ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。

3、同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子，就是同位语从句，这种用法比较"固定”一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words（消息）,possibility等。I'vecomefromMr.Wingwithamessagethathewon'tbeableto

4、seeyouthisafternoon.我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where等。（注：if,which不能引导同位语从句。）Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必须回答他是否同意这样个问题。四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。同位语从句-引导词同位语从句的引导词

5、、引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。1 .连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.你认为不动月而筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语）【注意11在某些名词（如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.有一项建议是布朗应该离队

6、。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。HegabbedhissuitcaseandgavetheimpressionhewasboardingtheTokyoplane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2 .连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）Thequestionwhetherweshouldcallinaspecialistwasansweredbythefamilydoctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。【注意】whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。其它引导词引导的同位语从句

7、连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which引导同位语从句1） .Ihavenoideawhatsizeshoesshewears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）2） .Ihavenoideawhichwineisbestit'samatterofpersonaltaste.我不知道哪种洒最好，这是个人口味的问题。（which作定语）3） .Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.（who作主语）4.连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词when,where,how,whyWehaventyetsettledthequ

8、estionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。同位语从句-相关语法一、同位语从句在句中的位置1 .一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。I'vecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewon'tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2 .有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别

9、的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。Thethoughtcametoherthatmaybeshehadleftthedooropenwhenshelefthome.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪儿听说我不能来？三、同位语从句的语气在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构

10、，句中的should可以省略。Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe（should）usethecomputer.老师给我们提出了些如何使用电脑的建议。四、同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea,situationthought,fact,evidence,belief,doubt,fear,hope,question,theory,news,order,ability等等。HowdidthecheatsexplainthefactthattheEmperordidn'tfeelthenewclothesinhim?皇帝觉得身上并

11、没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的？代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些皿或短语动词后作宾语-同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.幸亏你,我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+beM语”结构。Youmustsetoitthatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.（二Youmustseetoit,andItisthatthechildrendon'tcatchcol

12、d.）你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。同位语从句-语法区别与定语从句的的语法区别：1 .意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。（news的内容就是thathewillcome,故that引导的是同位语从句）Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。（that从句是限制thenews的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个ne

13、ws而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句）2 .引导词的不同what,how,if,whatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3 .引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例thathetoldus中的that就充当told的宾语。4 .被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope,wish,idea,news,fact,promise,opinion,suggestion,truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和wher

14、e引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它彳门引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词thereason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：1 havenoideawhentheywillcome.我不知道他们什么时候来。（同位语从句）I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedthere.我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。（定语从句）同位语从句-特殊形式1.间隔同位语从句同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开。Awarmthoughtsuddenlyca

15、metomethatImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。Shemadearequestthatthedoctor（should）besentforatonce.她请求立即请医生来。简析：suggestion,order,request,proposal,requirement,commandadvice,proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句

16、时，从句中的谓语动词要用“（should+）动词原形”的形式，其中should一词可省略。3.短语及固定句式后的同位语从句IwillcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。简析：短语Oncondition,onsupposition,ontheground（s）,ontheunderstanding,withtheexception,inspiteofthefact,ontheassumption及句式Therebe+nodoubt（hope,chance,possibility,）后的that从句为同位语从句。练习一.单选1. Hiss

17、uccesswasbecauseofhehadbeenworkinghard.A.thatB.thefactwhichfactthatfact2."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idon'tknow."A. fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB. fromwhatcityshecomeC. whatcitydoesshecomefromD. whatcityshecomesfrommakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever4. The

18、reasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwasanewjob.A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot5. Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for6. Henrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy.A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdoneso7. HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow.A. howheisgettingalon

19、gB. howishegettingalongC. whatheisgettingalongD. whatishegettingalong8. Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever9. Heaskedmewithme.A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis10. Iamsurehesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.oftha

20、tD.thatwhat11. Whenandwhyhecamehereyet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbeewonderhowmuch.A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts13.Maryissomeonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidforisnoreasonfordismissingher.A. Becauseshewasafewminu

21、teslateB. OwingtoafewminuteslateC. ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD. Beingafewminuteslate15. Theycametotheconclusionbyacomputer.A. thatnotallthingscanbedoneB. becauseofnotallthingsbedoneC. beingnotallthingscanbedoneD. becausenotallthingscanbedone16. Whytheexplosionoccurredwasthelaboratoryattendanth

22、adbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that17. Idon'tdoubthe'llcome.A.thatBifC.whatD.whether18. "Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang""Well,IforgetIwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit19. Outputisnowsixtimesitwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB

23、.whichC.whatD.ofwhich20. Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshe'salwayssaved.A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearnssurprisedmemostwassuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That.whatB.What.thatC.That.whichD

24、.What.which22. Wegavehimhelpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this23. Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimandyouhavetoldhim.A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat24. ExcusemewouldyoupleasetellmeA. whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB. whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldC. whenisthesportsmeettobeginD. whenthesportsmeetist

25、otakeplace25. DoyouhappentoknowA. whatsizeshoeshewearsB. howbigshoeshewearsC. whatisthesizeofhisshoesD. whatnumbershoesarehis26. Thisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts.A. howyouhaveobservedB. howwhatyouhaveobservedC. thatyouhaveobservedD. howthatyouhaveobserved27. WheredoyouthinkA.hashegoneB.ha

26、shebeenC.he'sgoneD.washe28. DoyouknowA. howmanypopulationsthereareintheworldB. howmuchpopulationthereisintheworldC. howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD. whatthepopulationoftheworldis29. WouldyougoandseeoutsideA.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeen30. Thesubjec

27、tof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."isA.whatB.interestingC.WhatisinterestingD.IIthinkheisCharles.A. WhodoyouthinkheisB. DoyouthinkwhoheisC. WhomdoyouthinkheisD. Doyouthinkwhoheis32. Hedidn'tknowwhichroom.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein33. Thelittleboyateh

28、ismothergavehim.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat34. Thecityisnolonger.A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe35. Myparentsusedtheyhadtogetanewcarforme.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhatwegoswimmingeverydayusalotofgood.A.If.doB.That.doC.If.doesD.That.doeswastheideathewifethoughtofA.What

29、.thatB.That.whatC.How.whyD.Why.howdidhetellhiswifehewishedtodoA.That.whatB.What.thatC.Where.whichD.Which.whereofthemenheldtheviewthebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat40 .Ihavenoideaornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which41 ."Doyouknow""Hisfatheris

30、adoctor."A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfatherC.whathisfatherisD.whohisfatheris42. IsthiswemeteachothertwoyearsagoA.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereD.placewhich43. ItBobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthatallknowthetruththereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.A.whe

31、reB.whereverC.thatD.thatwherever45. Theydiscussedtheycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothers'help.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether46. Sheasked.A. whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupB. whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupC. whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingD. whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing47. -MayIborrowthering-Youcantakeyouli

32、ke.A.nomatterwhatB.whichC.whicheverD.that48. Hesaidthathewasfondof.A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautiful49. Heinsistedthatheingoodhealthandtoworkthere.A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,send50. DoyouknowheexpectswillgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose51. It'

33、suncertaintheexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how52. Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterdayitwasaholiday.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butforistodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.WhicheverishardB.NomatterwhatishardC.WhatishardD.Allwhatishardtheboydidn'ttakemedicinemade

34、hismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which55. Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestionforawalkinthepark.A.wegoB.wewillgoC.shouldwegoD.thatwegowecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,whatyoudon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether58. Youcan'timagine

35、whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcitedwe'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where60hereallymeansishedisagreeswithus.A.WhatthatB.ThatwhatC.WhythatD.Ifwhatgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythe

36、Partycommittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.Thathousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.Whatwon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.Thiscomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whethermistakesmustcorre

37、ctthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybodywillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.Howdayslater,wordcameourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.whereproblemiswillgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.wholooksitweregoingtorain.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.likeishelik

38、estheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.howisLuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.whythoughtstrangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.whatfactshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.howI'mconsideringnowthemoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.wasyoutellmeA. whoisthatgentlemanB. th

39、atgentlemaniswhoC. whothatgentlemanisD. whomisthatgentlemantheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who78. Itiswellknownapersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.A.thatwhat,when,andhowB.thatC.whatD.how79. Theenergyismakesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such80. Jackwass

40、oontoldhedidwasnotnecessary.A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhat81. WeshouldthinkcarefullyaboutMr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.X82. CanyoupointouttworadiosarethebestA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether83. Youwilleasilyknowvideorecorders（录相机）arethesame.A.whatthoseB.thatofthoseC.thatallofD.whichofthose84

41、. youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesn'tmatter.A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When85. IaskedherinEnglishshewas,andshetoldmeshewasanactress.A.whothatB.whoXC.whatXD.howthat86. ShetookitforgrantedI'dbebackhomeanhourago.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when87. Wethinkitpossiblethelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvetheh

42、ousingproblem.A.forB.thatC.whenD.how88. Nowthereisadangerthegroundmayfallin（沉下）undertheheavytraffic.A.whetherB.ifC.XD.that89. AtthattimeIhadnoideaIcouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathow90. LastSundayhepromisedtoday,buthehasn'tappearedyet.A.thathewouldcomeB.thathewillcomeC.hew

43、illcometoseemeD.whetherhewouldcome91. LastSundayhemadeapromisehewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.A.ifB.thatC.thatifD.whether92. DoyouhaveanyideaA. whenMissSmithwillarriveB. whenwillMissSmitharriveC. howwillMissSmitharriveD. whyhasn'tMissSmitharrived93. Ihavealmostforgotten.A.howMr.Taylor'slikeB

44、.whatMr.Taylor'sfaceislikeC.whatMr.Taylor'sfaceisD.whichMr.Taylor'sfaceislike94. Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin,but.A. howyougetthatyougiveB. whichyougotwhatyougiveC. whatyougetwhatyougiveD. whatdoyougetwhatdoyougive95. DoyouknowA.whatisthisusedforB.whatthisisusedforC.whichthisisusedD.thatthi

45、sisusedfor96. surprisedmemostwas.A. ThatthatshespokeJapanesesowellB. WhathowcouldshespeakJapanesesowellC. What-thatshespokeJapanesesowellD. ThatwhyshecouldspeakJapanesesowell97. istodance.A.ThatinterestsMaryreallyB.WhichreallyinterestsMary.C.WhatreallyinterestsMaryD.WhatreallyinterestMary98. Weweregreatlyamusedby.A.whatyouhavetoldusB.whichyouhadtoldusC.whatyoutoldusD.thaty