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1、论语英译Translation of Confucius The A nalects【论语原文选段之十二】 【论语原文选段之十三】 【论语原文选段之十四】 【论语原文选段之十五】 【论语原文选段之十六】 【论语原文选段之十七】 【论语原文选段之十八】 【论语原文选段之十九】论语的重要地位及其英译本【论语原文选段之一】【论语原文选段之二】【论语原文选段之三】【论语原文选段之四】【论语原文选段之五】【论语原文选段之六】【论语原文选段之七】【论语原文选段之八】【论语原文选段之九】【论语原文选段之十】【论语原文选段之十一的重要地位及其英译本学而时习之三省吾身和为贵三十而立身正令行三人行必有我师己所不欲

2、富贵、贫贱刚、毅、木、讷唯仁者能好人杀身成仁仁者乐山礼之本以礼让为国宽、敬、哀君子博学于文入则孝,出则弟父母在,不远游四种忧虑【论语原文选段之二十】 有益、有损之乐【论语原文选段之二十一 【论语原文选段之二十二 【论语原文选段之二十三 【论语原文选段之二十四 【论语原文选段之二十五 【论语原文选段之二十六 【论语原文选段之二十七 【论语原文选段之二十八 【论语原文选段之二十九 【论语原文选段之三十】 【论语原文选段之三十一 【论语原文选段之三十二 【论语原文选段之三十三 【论语原文选段之三十四 【论语原文选段之三十五 【论语原文选段之三十六 【论语原文选段之三十七 【论语原文选段之三十八 【论

3、语原文选段之三十九 【论语原文选段之四十】见贤思齐不患无位人无远虑,必有近忧自责与责人有过应改松柏后凋君子重义君子周而不比君子和而不同君子坦荡荡欲速则不达有教无类性相近,习相远学与思温故知新匹夫不可夺志知与不知讷于言,敏于行言与行人与言【论语原文选段之四十一】 学而不厌,诲人不倦见义不为,无勇也【译论专题】论语的重要地位及其英译本论语是中国传统文化宝库中一颗最绚丽夺目的明珠。早在距今两千四百多年前的春秋末年和战国初期,这颗明珠即已熠熠发光。论语 是一部记载孔子及其弟子言论的着作,后来成为儒家的最高经典,也是中国历史上最具权威性的文献典籍。论语篇幅不大,仅一万二千字,二十篇,但内容博大精深,且又

4、言简意赅,对中国古代思想和文化产生了巨大的影响。它所包含的思想,久久以来,潜移默化,已经渗透到中国人的血液之中。任何中国人,不论是汉民族,还是少数民族,不论是本土华人,还是移居海外的侨胞,都自觉或不自觉地受着它的影响。自宋朝起,就有 “半部 论语 治天下” 之说。早在 17 世纪, 论语便开始向欧洲传播,1687 年巴黎已出现论语的拉丁文本。在亚洲的儒家文化圈内,论语的某些内容成了经济活动的道德规范。因此论语已被译成各种文字。翻译古代经典着作,最大的问题是对原文的理解。孔子时代的古汉语,距现在久远,况且在这两千多年的时间里,曾出现过不同本子的论语,注解在一些地方也存在歧见,这就增加了理解的难度

5、。译者在翻译时必须在可能的解释中作出选择,译文力求忠实于原文,并设法保持原文简练的风格。西方许多汉学家都翻译过四书 或 论语。在早期众多英译本中,影响比较大的有英国汉学家詹姆斯莱格(James Legge)的译本,他本人起的中国名字叫理雅各(18141897) ,他把中国的四书、 五经译成英文,名为The ChineseClassics, 分 28 卷,于 1861 年至 1886年间出版,我国湖南出版社也于1992年出版了理雅各的汉英四书( 本章评析中简称理译 ) 。 较新的译本有The Analects of Confucius,由英国汉学家亚瑟威利( Arthur Waley )翻译,1

6、992 年在纽约出版,我国外语教学与研究出版社也于1998 年出版了威利的论语(简称 威译 ) 。还有托马斯柯立瑞(Thomas Cleary)于1992年在旧金山出版的 EssentialConfucius。美国在1951年还出版了着名诗人埃兹拉庞德(1885 1972)翻译的论语(Confucian Analects) 。在国内,早在一百多年前辜鸿铭先生就把论语翻译成英文。目前英译本较多,有研究型的,有普及型的,还有语录型的。本文所列举的翻译评析范例出自于以下版本:1. 王福林的论语详注及英译 ,世界图书出版公司1997年版(简称王译 ) ; 2. 赖波、夏玉和翻译的论语,华语教学出版社1

7、994 年版(简称赖译 ) ; 3. 潘富恩、温少霞的论语今译,齐鲁书社1993年版(简称潘译 ) ; 4. 丁往道编译的孔子语录一百则,中国对外翻译出版公司1999年版(简称丁译 ) 。国外英译本以理雅各和威利翻译的论语为翻译范例。关于对论语的现代汉语注释,国内外译者大多参考宋代朱熹的四书章句集注。理雅各1843 年起在香港任英华书院院长期间,受中国着名学者王韬的影响较大。威利在翻译中想尽力摆脱朱熹的影响,认为朱熹不是一个真正的学者,仅是一个福音派传教士,他只是用程朱理学来解释孔子,因此,有些强加于人。威利在论语英译本的前言中说,他要译出自己的版本,意在让欧洲读者了解论语作者们的初衷。因此,

8、我们可以这样说,理雅各和威利两位西方汉学家的译本是带有原创性的译本,富有新意。但并不是说,他们对孔子思想的理解就很到家。由于中西文化的差异,西方译者在理解和表达方面和中国学者之间还有不少差距。中国译者王福林除参考朱熹的集注外,还参阅了钱穆的论语新解;赖波以华语教学出版社蔡希勤先生的中文译注为依据;潘富恩等以杨伯峻的论语译注(中华书局 1980 年版)为基础,又让吴树平先生重新修订中文注释本,同时兼采理雅各、威利和Leonard A. Lyall 等国外学者的研究成果。丁往道则以杨伯峻先生的论语译注( 1980年版)为根据进行翻译。不同版本的翻译目的各不相同,其读者对象也各有所异,因此,都具有一

9、定的特色和长处。本章选了论语的一些段落,附以六种不同版本的译文,并列表比较六种译本对关键词的不同处理,以便让读者在对比分析中学习他们的经验,摸索典籍翻译的某些规律。参考文献:1 王福林 . 论语详注及英译. 上海 : 世界图书出版公司,19972 孔子着,Arthur Waley 译 . The Analects 论语 . 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,19983 杨伯峻,吴树平今译,潘富恩,温少霞英译. THE ANALECTS OFCONFUCIUSES今译.济南:齐鲁书社,20044 蔡希勤中文译注,赖波, 夏玉和英译. Analects of Confucius 论语 . 北京:华语教学

10、出版社,20035 丁往道编译. 孔子语录一百则. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,19996 郭着章,李庆生. 英汉互译实用教程. 武汉:武汉大学出版社,20037 崔永禄 . 文学翻译佳作对比赏析. 天津: 南开大学出版社,2003【 论语原文选段之一】子曰1: “学而时习之 2,不亦说乎3有朋自远方来4,不亦乐乎5人不知而不愠6,不亦君子乎7”【概述】这是论语 “学而篇第一”中的首篇。要译好古籍经典,关键的问题是吃透对原文的理解。文言文中既有实词,又有虚词,还有令人费解的文言句式。翻译工作者的任务是,在正确理解解释原文的基础上,首先要把原文译成浅显的现代汉语,然后再译成英文。此段中的关键词是

11、虚词“而”,实词“时”、 “习”、 “之”、 “说”、 “乐”、 “人”、“不知”、“不愠”、“君子”等,还有古汉语句式“不亦乎”。把握了对这些词的理解就抓住了全段的精髓。本段今译 :孔子说: “学了知识并且经常复习,不也是令人愉快的事吗有志同道合的人从远方来,不也是值得高兴的事吗别人不了解自己,但自己不恼怒,这不也是君子的风度吗”【翻译要点评析】1. “子曰” , “子”是古代人对男子的尊称,常写在姓的后面。这里称孔子为“子”而讳其名,是孔子的学生对孔子的尊称。直呼孔子为 Confucius 是符合西方传统的,西方对作者一般直呼其名,而不加表示职称、身份等的词语。王译、赖译、丁译用Confu

12、cius 显然是为了点明“子”指的是谁。而威译、潘译为了传达中文的含义,用了The Master 一词,表示“先师”之意,这就尽可能地保留了原文中的人际关系和文化特征,这样做虽然会使西方读者感到不习惯,但有利于他们了解原文的的内容、风格及原作者的意图。2. “学而时习之”, “学” :学习。此段中两个“而”都是连词,第一个“而”表递进关系,相当于“并且”and, 第二个“而”表转折关系, 相当于 “但是” 。 “时”: 经常 constantly; at due times; fromtime to time 。 “习” :复习,练习review and practise; repeat 。“

13、之”是代词,指学过的知识 what one has already learned 。3. “不亦说乎” “不亦乎”是古汉语中一种常用句式,表示 委婉的反问语气,相当于“不也是的吗”“说"(yue),同“悦丁意即“高兴、快乐”。此句译成Isn ' t it a pleasure for one to do 或 Is it not pleasant to do 4. “有朋自远方来”, “有朋” : 旧注曰: “同门曰朋。 ” 这里 “朋”当指 “弟子” 解, 王福林解作 “志同道合的人”。 多数译者译作friends,王译为 like-minded people, 比 fri

14、ends 有更深一层的意义,比较贴近原文。 “自远方来”有不同的译法:coming from distant quarters;come to one from afar; coming from faraway places 。5. “不亦乐乎” “乐” :快乐 delightful; pleasure; a delight;a joy6. “人不知而不愠”, “人” :别人 others; men 。 “人不知”中“知”字无宾语,解作“别人不了解自己”, “不欣赏自己”,译法有don t know; take no note of; one s merits are unrecognize

15、dby; fail to appreciate; is not properly understood 。“ 愠” ( yun) : 恼 怒 feel displeased; discomposure; take offence; feel no discontent 。7. “不亦君子乎”君子: 道德高尚,有修养的人。译法有: a manof complete virtue; a gentleman; a superior person (man)等。a man of complete virtue译出了“君子”一词的内涵。【 六种不同的译文】1. 理译 : The Master said:

16、 “ Is it not pleasant to learn witha constant perseverance and application Is it not delightfulto have friends coming from distant quarters Is it not a manof complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men maytake no note of him ”2. 威译 : The Master said, To learn and at due times to repeatwhat

17、 one has learnt, is that not after all a pleasure Thatfriends should come to one from afar, is this not after alldelightful To remain unsoured even though one s merits are unrecognized by others, is that not after all what is expected of a gentleman3. 王译 : Confucius said: “ Isn t it a pleasure for o

18、ne tolearn and then constantly review and practise what he has already learned Isn ' t it a pleasure for one to have like -minded people coming from faraway places If others don ' t know him, he doesn ' t feel displeased. Isn ' t it a superior person ' s bearing ”4. 赖译: Confucius

19、 said,“Is it not a pleasure after allto practice in due time what one has learnt Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afarIs it not a gentleman after all who will not take offence when others fail to appreciate him ”5. 潘译:The Master said, “Is it not pleasant to learn and to review

20、 constantly what one has learned Is it not delightful to have friends coming afar Is he not a superior man, who feels no discontent though others do not know him ”6. 丁译:Confucius said, “Is it not a pleasure to learn and practise from time to time what is learned Is it not a joy tosee a friend who ha

21、s come from a faraway place Is it not gentlemanly to have no resentment when one is not properly understood ”“子The MasterThe MasterConfuciusConfuciusThe MasterCor“时习”withaconstantperseveranceandapplicationto repeatconstantlyreview andpractisetopractisein due timeto reviewconstantlytofrotim“不亦说乎,Is i

22、t notpleasantIs that not after all a pleasureIsn ' t it apleasureIs it not apleasureIs it notpleasantIsple“自远方来”coming fromdistantquarterscome to onefrom afarcoming from faraway placescome fromafarcomingafarhasfrofarpla“乐”delightfuldelightfula pleasurea delightdelightfula“不知”take no noteofone

23、9; s merits are unrecognizeddon' tknowfailtoappreciatedo not knowispround“不愠”feelnodiscomposuretoremainunsoureddoesn' tfeeldispleasedwillnottakeoffencefeelnodiscontenthavres“君子”a man ofcompletevirtuea gentlemana superior, _person sbearingagentlemana superior manbeger【论语原文选段之二】曾子1日:“吾日三省吾身2:为

24、人谋而不忠乎3与朋友交而不信乎4传不习乎5”【概述】这是论语“学而篇第一”中的第四篇。本篇中的关键词是“三 省”、“谋”、“忠信”、“传”、“习这些都是实词。文言虚词主 要有“而”和“乎”,在选段之一的评析中已提到过。历来中外译者 争议比较大的,是对“三省”二字的理解,有人认为是“三次”;有人认为是“三个方面”;还有人认为是“再三”、“多次”,笔者认为“再 三”比较确切。本段今译:曾子说:“我每天都再三反身自己:为别人出主意有 不真心的情况吗与朋友交往有不讲信用的情况吗老师传授的知识复 习和练习了吗”【翻译要点评析】1. “曾子”:是孔子的学生,姓曾,名参。中国学者一般都译成 Zeng Zi,

25、 外国学者译为 The philosopher Tsang或 Master Tseng, 说 明其身份。2. “吾日三省吾身”,“吾”:我。“日”:每天。“三”:再三,古 汉语中,“三”和“九”常表示虚数,意即“多次”。丁往道理解为“三次” three times; 理雅各和威利理解为“三个方面”three points;而王福林、赖波、 潘富恩三人则理解为 “再三” ,“ 多次” several times;once and again 。笔者认为,后三位中国译者的理解比较确切。 “省” ( xing ) :检查;反省examine。 “吾身” :我自己myself 。3. “为人谋而不忠乎

26、”, “为人” :替别人for others 。 “谋”:出谋策划give counsels to others ,有人译为transact business;act on behalf of; help; work; do things等,在对“谋”字的理解程度上深浅不等。 “而”: 本段的两个 “而” 都是连词。 “忠”: 忠心,faithful; loyal; conscientious 均可。 “乎“:此段忠的三个“乎” 都是语气词,表示疑问语气,相当于“吗”。4. “与朋友交而不信乎”, “交” :交往 intercourse with; getalong with; in cont

27、acts with 。 “不信” :不守信用not sincere; nottrue to; insincere; not honest 。5. “传不习乎”, “传” :老师传授的知识instruction of myteacher; what myteacher taught me。 “习”:复习,练习review andpractise 。【 六种不同的译文】1. 理译: The philosopher Tsang said, “ I daily examine myself on three points: whether, in transacting businessfor oth

28、ers, I may have been not faithful; whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere; whether I may have not mastered and practised the instructionof my teacher.2. . 威译: Master Tseng said, Every day I examine myself on these three points: in acting on behalf of others, have I always

29、been loyal to their interests In intercourse with my friends,have I always been true to my word Have I failed to repeat the precepts that have been handed down to me3. 王译: Zengzi said, “ Several times each day I examine myself: HaveI been unfaithful in giving counsels to others Have I been insincere

30、 in getting along with my friends And have I reviewed and practised the teachings of my teacher ”4. 赖译: Zeng Zi (a disciple of Confucius) said, “ Every day I examine myself once and again: Have I tried my utmost to help others Have I been honest to my friends Have I diligently reviewed the instructi

31、ons from the Master ”5. 潘译: Zeng Zi said, “ I daily examine myself for several times: Have I been conscientious in working for others Have I been sincere in dealing with friends Have I reviewed what my teacher taught me ”6. 丁译: Zengzi said, “ I examine myself three times daily: Have I been faithful

32、in doing things for others Have I beentrustworthy in contacts with friends Have I reviewed and practised what my teacher has taught me ”【六种译本对关键词语译法之比较 】、译 本'、 原文理译威译王译赖译潘译“三threethreeseveralonceandseveral timestpointspointstimesagaintransactactongivehelpin working fori“谋”businessbehalf ofcounse

33、lsttofaithfulLoyal tofaithfultry myutmostconscientiousf“忠”toininintoindealingi“交”intercourseintercoursegettingwithwwithwithalongwithsincerebe true tosincerehonestSinceret“信”my wordinstructionpreceptsthethewhatmyM“传”ofmythat haveteachingsinstructionsteachertteacherbeen handedofmyfromthetaught metdown

34、 to meteacherMastermaster andrepeatreviewdiligentlyreviewr“习”practiseandreviewppractise【论语原文选段之三】有子1日:“礼之用2,和为贵3。先王之道4,斯为美5,小大由之6。有所不行7,知和而和8,不以礼节之9,亦不可行也10。”【概述】这是论语“学而篇第一”中的第十二篇。讲礼仪与和谐的关系。“和为贵”是中华民族数千年以来处理国与国之间、人与人之间关系的一条非常宝贵的行为准则。中华民族是礼仪之邦,“礼”的最早倡导者就是孔子。礼的初义是求神赐福的祭祀活动,随着社会的发 展,祭祀规模越来越大,祭祀方式越来越复杂,

35、这种典礼成了古代氏 族生活习俗的规范。再后来,礼便成了社会道德规范和行为准则。“礼” 规定了上下、尊卑、亲疏、长幼的等级秩序。“礼”体现了群体意志,“按礼行事”就是遵守社会道德的规范,就是“仁”的表现。此篇中, 翻译的难点是如何理解四个“之”,两个“为”,以及“礼”、“和”、“贵”、“斯”、“美”、“有所不行”等关键词。本段今译:有子说:“礼 的实行,以达到人们和谐相处为可贵。过去圣王治国之道的好处就在 这里,无论大事小事都以和谐为准。但是也有行不通的地方,只知道 要和谐,而一味地追求和谐,不用礼来节制,也是行不通的。 ”【翻译要点评析】1. “有子” :姓有名若,字子有,人尊称为有子,是孔子

36、的得意门生。中国译者都译为Youzi 或 You Zi, 而外国译者都译出有子的身份 The Philosopher You 或 Master Yu 。2. “礼之用”,礼:指社会道德规范和行为准则,对人际关系的各个方面都起到了规范调节作用。可译为the proprieties; therites; the ritual; rules of propriety 。 “之”: 本段中有四个 “之”,第一、二个 “之”是虚词结构助词,相当于“的” ,第三、四个“之” 是实词,指 “和”harmony。 “用”:运用,实施, practise ;theusages of; conduct; appl

37、y 均可。 “礼之用”可译为 in practising the rules of propriety 。3. “和为贵”, “和” :和谐,亦即“和谐的人际关系”。中外大部分译者都译成harmony, 只有理雅各译为appropriateness, 在理解上有点偏离原意。 “为”: 此段中有两个 “为”, 都是动词,意即 “是”。“贵” :可贵之处;值得称颂的,be prized, 可用强调句型译“和为贵” It is harmony that is prized 。4. “先王之道”, “先王” :古代帝王,指尧、舜、禹、汤、文王、武王等圣贤君主the former sage-kings

38、( sage” , 圣贤的) ,有人译作 the ancient kings, 不如前者确切。 “道”: 论语中“道”有多种意思,这里是指“治国之道”ways to rule one s country或 handing state affairs 。5. “斯为美”,斯:是代词,相当于“这”,指“和为贵”。 “美”:好, 有人根据字面意思译为beautiful; beauty 等, 不如 excellent; precious; excellent quality 好。6. “小大由之”, “小大” :大事小事,things small and great;important or unim

39、portant things; great or trivial均可。 “由”:依从; 根据 follow; according to 。 “之”: 这个原则this principle 。7. “有所不行”, “所不行”是名词性词组,作“有”的宾语。 “有所不行” 意即 “有行不通的地方”and yet it is not always successful;does not work 。8. “知和而和”,“知和”: 只知道要和谐for the sake of harmony。“而” 是连词, 表结果, 相当于 “因而” 。 可译为 If harmonyis sought for its

40、own sake 。9. “不亦礼节之”, “以” :介词,相当于“用”。 “节” :调节,节制 regulate; modulate 。 全 句 译 为 without regulating it by proprieties 。10. “亦不可行也”, “亦” :副词,相当于“也”, “不可行”:行不通 it won t do; does not work 。 “也” :语气词,表示终结的语气,可不译出。【 六种不同的译文】1. 理译: The philosopher Yousaid, “ In practisng the rules of propriety, appropriatene

41、ss is to be prized. In the ways prescribed by the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things small and great we follow them. Yet it is not tobe observed in all cases. If one, knowing how such appropriateness should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propr

42、iety, this likewise is not to be done. ”2. 威译: Master Yu said, In the usages of ritual it is harmony that is prized; the Way of the Former Kings from this got its beauty. Both small matters and great depend upon it. If things go amiss, he who knows the harmony will be able to attune them. But if har

43、mony itself is not modulated by ritual, things will still go amiss.3. 王译: Youzi said, “ The thing to be prized in applying the proprieties is to achieve the harmony among people. Among the ways the ancient kings adopted to rule their countries, this is excellent. They followed this principle in matt

44、ers small or great. And yet it is not always successful. For instance, it won t do to achieve the harmony only for the sake of harmony without regulating it by proprieties.”4. 赖译: You Zi said, “ In conducting the rites, seeking harmony is the most valuable principle. It was cherished by the ancient

45、sage kings in handling state affairs. Great or trivial, they did everything according to this principle. If harmony is sought for its own sake without regulating it by the rites,ll not work.however, the principle wi5. 潘译:You Zi said, “In practising the rules of propriety, it is harmony that is prize

46、d. This is what is so precious in the ways of the ancient kings. They followed this principle in things small and great. Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. To know how such harmony should be prized, yet manifest it without regulating it by the rules of propriety,is something which should not

47、 be done. ”6. 丁译: Youzi said, “The most valuable use of the ritesis to achieve harmony. In harmony lies the most beautiful of the ways of the former sage-kings. Whether they dealt with important or unimportant things, they started from harmony. But there maybe places where this principle does not wo

48、rk: pursuing harmony because one knows of it without regulating it with the rites is not feasible. ”【六种译本对关键词语译法之比较 】译木、 原文理译威译王译赖译潘译丁译“礼之Practise rule ofIn theApply theConductPractiseUse of用”proprietyusageproprietiestherules ofritesofritesproprietyritual“和AppropriatenessharmonyTo achievethe harmony

49、SeekingharmonyharmonyTo ach harmony“先王”Ancient kingsFormerKingsAncientkingsAncientsage kingsAncientkingsFormersage-ki“美”ExcellentqualityGot itsbeautyexcellentThe mostvaluablepreciousThebeautif“小大”Things small andgreatBoth small matters and greatMatters smallorgreatGreat ortrivialThingssmall andgreat

50、Importa or unimpor things“知和”KnowingappropriatenessKnow the harmonyFor the sakeof harmonyFor itsown sakeKnowharmonyBecauseknows o【论语原文选段之四】子日:“吾十有五而志于学1,三十而立2,四十而不惑3,五十而知天命4,六十而耳顺5,七十而从心所欲6,不逾矩7。”【概述】这是论语“为政篇第二”中的第四篇。本篇概括了孔子一生不断追求“仁”所达到的各种境界。中外思想家能象孔子这样简明扼要地总结毕生历程者,似甚罕见。后人常用此指人生的各个阶段。本篇翻译的难点是如何正确理解“

51、而立”、 “不惑” 、 “知天命”、 “耳顺” 、“从心所欲,不逾矩”等关键词。一百多年前辜鸿铭先生把“天命”译作the truth in religion ( 宗教的真谛) ,这种译法的实际效果等于把孔子当作宗教师祖向国外介绍,似乎不符合原意。本段今译:孔子说: “我十五岁立志学习;三十岁立身处世站稳了脚跟;四十岁时明白各种事理而不迷惑;五十岁时懂得天命;六十岁时对别人的话能辨别是非曲直;七十岁时能随心所欲而不越出规矩。”【翻译要点评析】1. “吾十有五而志于学”, “有”是连词,加在整数和零数之间。可不译出, “十有五”意即十五岁。 “而” :此段中的六个“而”都是连词,表示时间at。“志

52、”:立志。“于”:是介词,相当于“在方面” 。“ 志于学” set mymind on learning; madeup mymind to study 。2. “三十而立”,对于“立”,有两种理解,王福林认为孔子的本意是“立于礼”,即“一切按礼办事”故译成 acted on theproprieties 。而其他中外译者都理解为“在社会上立身出世站稳了脚跟” , 故有译文stood firm; planted myfeet firm upon the ground;have been well established 等。在当代中国人心目中对“而立之年”的理解都与后者相同。3. “ 四十而不

53、惑” “, 不惑” : 明白各种事理而不迷惑wasno longerperplexed; have understood manythings and have no longer been confused; had no doubts 。王福林先生则从孔子的“仁礼观”出发,认为 “不惑” 就是 “不惑于仁”, 亦即能辨明仁与不仁could makecleardistinction between benevolence ( 仁 慈 , 善 行 ) and non-benevolence ( 不仁 ) 。4. “五十而知天命”,王福林认为“天命”是客观必然性,是指道德修养中的一种很高的境界,

54、把“知天命”译为 I cameto know the existence of the heavenly principles 。赖波认为, “知天命” 就是“知道上天赋予自己的使命 I have known myheaven-sent duty 。其他的译者则把“天命”译作 the decree of Heaven; the will of Heaven 等。5. “六十而而顺”, “而顺” :对别人的话能辨别是非曲直havebeen able to distinguish right and wrong on other people swords。王福林贝U译为 the heavenly principles were not offensive to my ears 。6. “七十而从心所欲”, “从” :跟从,依从。 “所欲” :是“所字短语” ,意即“想要的事物”。 “从心所欲”意即“心里怎么想就怎么做 could do whatever I wished; could follow what my heart desired 。7. “不逾矩” , “逾” :逾越 go beyond; overstep 。 “矩” :规矩 norms; rules; what was right 。王福林解释为“天命的范围”theh

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