句子成分及简单句型

1、句子成分及六种简单句1. 1. 主语主语: : 句子说明的人或事物。The sunThe sun rises in the east.（名词） HeHe likes dancing. （代词）Twenty yearsTwenty years is a short time in history.(数词)SeeingSeeing is believing.（动名词） To seeTo see is to believe.（不定式） What he needWhat he needs is a book. （主语从句）ItIt is important to learn English wellt

2、o learn English well.（It形主，不定式作真主）2. 2. 谓语谓语: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We studystudy English. （行为动词） He isis asleep. （系动词） He runsruns very fast.（行为动词）3. 3. 表语表语: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teachera teacher. .（名词） He is talltall.（形容词）Five and five is tenten. .（数词）To see is to believeto believe.（不定式）The pi

3、cture is on the wallon the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lostgone / missing / lost.（分词） That is why he was late for schoolwhy he was late for school.（表语从句）She looks beautifulbeautiful in red. （形容词）常见的系动词还有: sound, look, smell, taste, feel，get/turn，become，seem如： The sound soundssounds stra

4、nge. Now I feelfeel tired. Tom lookslooks thin. The food tastestastes good . The food smellssmells delicious. Trees turnturn green in spring. That seemsseems (to be) difficult for you . The weather is gettingis getting warmer and warmer. 4. 4. 宾语宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾。（在行为动词后） I like ChinaChina. （名词） He hat

5、es youyou. （代词） I spend an houran hour doing my homework every day .（数词） Did you write down what he saidwhat he said? （宾从） I enjoy workingworking with you.（动名词） I hope to see to see you again.（不定式）2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾（在介词后）Are you afraid of the snakethe snake? Look at the deskthe desk! There is a cat

6、 under itit . We improve our spoken English by reading.reading.3） 双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave meme a booka book yesterday.= Pass the penthe pen to meme. = My mother bought a bikea bike for meme. = Send a photoa photo to meme.=He gave a booka book to meme yesterdayPass meme the penthe pen.My mother bou

7、ght meme a bikea bike.Send meme a photoa photo. .5. 5. 宾补宾补( (宾语补足语宾语补足语)：对宾语的补充。We elected him monitor. （名词） I found it difficult to learn maths well.（形容词）We will make them happy. （形容词） Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词）Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式） His father t

8、ells him to do the housework every day.（带to不定式）6. 6. 定语定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。He is a lazylazy boy.（形容词） He is ourour friend. （代词）Mr. Cai is a ChineseChinese teacher.（名词） We got the thirdthird prize. （数词） The woman with a baby in her armswith a baby in her arms is my sister. (介短) You should do everyt

9、hing that I dothat I do.（定从） The man over thereover there is my friend.(副词) The boys playing footballplaying football are in Class 2. （现在分词）I have an idea to do it wellto do it well. . （不定式） The trees planted last yearplanted last year are growing well now.（过去分词）7. 7. 状语状语：用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或句子。 表示时间、地

10、点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 I will go there tomorrowtomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting in the meeting room. room. I like apples very muchvery much. He studies hard to learn English wellto learn English well. (时间)(地点)( 程度 )(目的)He goes to school by bikeby bike. They can go to school because

11、 of the Hope because of the Hope ProjectProject. . Though he is youngThough he is young, he can do it well. If you study hardIf you study hard, you will pass the exam. He didnt study hard so that he failed in so that he failed in the examthe exam. (方式) (原因)(让步) ( 条件) (结果) 8. 8. 同位语同位语. 与句中的某一成分,常常是名

12、词或代词,是同一意思, 可互相替换.We Chinese are very friendly.My good friend Tom is a good student.1. 1. 主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词 She came He laughed. 2. 2. 主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 She likes English. I like apples.3. 3. 主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 She is happy That sounds good.4. 4. 主语谓语主语谓语间宾间宾 直宾直宾/ /直宾直宾+ +介词介词+ +间宾。间宾。She gave John a

13、book She bought a book for me.5. 5. 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.6. There be + 6. There be + 主语主语+ +其他。其他。There are many students in the classroom.请指出下列各句属于简单句中的那种基本句型：1. You can write down the new words. .2. Can you see some boys playing on

14、 the playground? .3. The school bus didnt come. .4. There are five books on the desk. .5. The bread smells delicious. .6. Our English teacher showed us all CDs. .主语+谓语+宾语 。主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 。主语+谓语。There be +主语+其他 。主语+系动词+表语。主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 。7. David is a good student. .8. It came out as a book in 2012. .9. David wrote a