英语语法直接引语与间接引语

1、英语语法英语语法 一字不改地引用或复述别人的一字不改地引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分就叫直接引语；话，被引用或复述的部分就叫直接引语；直接引语必须都放在引号中，其位置直接引语必须都放在引号中，其位置常在句尾或句首。常在句尾或句首。用自己的话转述别人的话；被转述的部分用自己的话转述别人的话；被转述的部分就叫间接引语；间接引语不必用括号，一就叫间接引语；间接引语不必用括号，一般用宾语从句或复合宾语表达法。般用宾语从句或复合宾语表达法。 原封不动引用别人的原话原封不动引用别人的原话,原话在引号中。原话在引号中。“Take off your boots,” he said.“I dont kn

2、ow where your bike is,” said the Arab.“Im sorry,” the professor said to the class, “but none of you watchedcarefully enough.”用自己的话用自己的话转述转述别人所说的内容。通常别人所说的内容。通常以以宾语从句宾语从句的形式出现。当直接引语变的形式出现。当直接引语变为间接引语时，有关的为间接引语时，有关的人称、语序、时人称、语序、时态、代词、时间状语、地点状语、和少态、代词、时间状语、地点状语、和少数动词数动词都要作相应的都要作相应的改变改变。时时态态的的变变化化直接引语直接

3、引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时或不变过去完成时或不变过去将来时过去将来时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 过去进行时过去进行时过去（完成）进行时过去（完成）进行时 过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时将来进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时过去将来进行时代词代词时间时间状语状语地点地点状语状语少数少数动词动词直直 接接间间 接接thistheseherenowcomebringcanmaymustthatthos

4、etherethengotakecouldmighthad to 直直 接接 间间 接接three years agothree years beforelast yearthe year beforelast weekthe week beforethis yearthat yearnext weekthe next weeknext yearthe following yeartodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowThe next daythe following day时时间间状状语语陈述句：陈述句：引语前用引语前用that引导引导,有时

5、也可以不用。有时也可以不用。He said, “I opened the window this morning.”He said that he opened the window that morning.My sister said, “We have cleaned the floor.”My sister said that they had cleaned the floor.The manager said to me, “You must go there next week.”The manager told me that I had to go there the nex

6、t week.The girl said, “I can do my homework myself.”The girl said that she could do her homework herself.如直接引语是客观真理，如直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。变为间接引语时，时态不变。The teacher said in class, “The moon moves around the earth.”The teacher said in class that the moon moves around the earth.陈述句陈述句 直接引语变间接引语的结构：直接引

7、语变间接引语的结构：A said thatA told B thatThe girl said that she could do her homework herself.The manager told me that I had to go there the next week.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：变为间接引语后，要用变为间接引语后，要用陈述语序陈述语序（主语主语先写先写）用）用if 或或whether引导。时态等作引导。时态等作相应相应变化变化。He asked , “Can you hear me?”He asked if/whether I could hear him.Th

8、e teacher asked, “Have you read this book, Bob?”The teacher asked Bob if/whether he had read that book.She said to me, “Will you go there with me?”She asked me if/whether I would go there with her.She asked, “Did you see the film yesterday, Peter?”She asked Peter if/whether he had seen the film the

9、day before.“Are you leaving today or tomorrow?” Joan asked Kate.Joan asked Kate if/whether she was leaving that day or the next day.一般疑问句一般疑问句 直接引语变间接引语的结构：直接引语变间接引语的结构：A asked if/whetherA asked B if whetherHe asked if/whether I could hear him.The teacher asked Bob if/whether he had read that book.特

10、殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：变为间接引语后，变为间接引语后，仍仍用用原来原来的的疑问词引疑问词引导导，用，用陈述陈述语序。时态等作相应语序。时态等作相应变化变化。When did they build this bridge?” she asked.She asked when they built that bridge.The teacher asked her, “Why did you come late?”The teacher asked her why she came late.Robert asked Alice, “Where is my dictionary?”Robert a

11、sked Alice where his dictionary was.Mrs. Bill asked him, “Which book do you like best?”Mrs. Bill asked him which book he liked best.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 直接引语变间接引语的结构：直接引语变间接引语的结构：A asked +原句疑问词原句疑问词A asked B +原句疑问词原句疑问词She asked when they built that bridge.Mrs. Bill asked him which book he liked best.祈使句：祈使句：

12、改为间接引语后，就成了以改为间接引语后，就成了以不定式短语不定式短语形式出现的形式出现的宾语补足语宾语补足语（动词常是（动词常是ask/tell/order/advise/warn /remind等）。等）。He said to the girl, “Do it at once.”He told the girl to do it at once.Mrs. Hill said, “ please sing at our party, Mary.”Mrs. Hill asked Mary to sing at their party.She said to me, “Dont smoke in

13、the classroom.”She told me not to smoke in the classroom.He said, “Lets go fishing tomorrow.”He suggested going fishing the next day.祈使句直接引语变间接引语的结构祈使句直接引语变间接引语的结构 (sb to do sth)(sb to do sth)：A told B (not) to doA asked B (not) to doHe told the girl to do it at once.Mrs. Hill asked Mary to sing at their party.二）祈使句改间接引语后是二）祈使句改间接引语后是 sb (not) to do sth 结构结构 注意以下几点注意以下几点1.said/said to要变成要变成 asked/told/ order等可跟不定式作宾补的动词。等可跟不定式作宾补的动词。2.呼语变宾语，呼语变宾语，please要去掉要去掉.强调动作或状态现在仍然如此时，强调动作或状态现