定语从句 (2)

1、 初四定语从句复习小结定语从句也是复合句的一种，修饰主句中的某个名词或代词。一、定义1.定义：在复合句中，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的句子（从句）叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词（名词或代词）叫先行词。2.关系词：1）引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 2）关系词的种类：a.关系代词：that, which, who（宾格whom, 所有格whose）.b.关系副词：when,where,why.c.位置和作用：定语从句作定语，放在先行词的后面。既关系词（关系代词或关系副词）放在先行词和定语从句之间。起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。（下列的例子中，方框代表先行词，涂黑代表关系词，划线部分代表定语

2、从句）如：The girl who is standing on the stage is my sister. 正站在台上的那个女孩是我的妹妹。（关系代词who在句中作主语，可省略）I cant find the book (that) I bought yesterday. 我找不到我昨天买的那本书。（关系代词that在句中作宾语，可省略）Madam Curie was a great scientist whose name is known all over the world. 居里夫人是一位全世界闻名的伟大科学家。（关系词whose引导定语从句，其在从句中作名词name的定语）二、

3、用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1.that: that指物，有时指人。 在从句中做主语或宾语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。2.which: which指物，不指人。 在从句中做主语或宾语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。如：His father works in a factory which makes TV set.(作主语， 指物)The books (thatwhich) they bought were written by me.(作宾语，可省略)The coat（thatwhich）I put on the desk is black.(作宾语，可省略)*注意*：1.which 与

4、that 指物可互相代替，但that比which更常见， 尤其在口语中。但要注意that可用来指人，而which则不能指人。2只能用that，不能用which引导的定语从句：（以下几条中考的考点不多，但对阅读理解/完型填空题型有助有益）1）定语从句所修饰的词，同时又被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的关系词只能用that引导：如：This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.2) 定语从句所修饰的词，同时又被序数词修饰时，定语从句的关系词只能用that引导：eg: The children like the second l

5、esson that is about “The Foodball March”.3）定语从句所修饰的词，同时又被 the only , the very 或the same 修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导：eg:1）.It is the only word (that) I know in the passage. 2) This is the same bicycle (that) I lost.4) 定语从句修饰的词，同时又被不定代词修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。如： all, any, no, every, little, many 或much 等。eg: Here is a

6、ll the money (that) I have.5). 定语从句修饰词为everything,something,anything,nothing,all, none,much,little,few等不定代词时，定语从句的关系词只能用that引导。但something前有the时，定语从句由which引导。如：Here is something (that) I will tell you. I want everything (that) I want.6) 定语从句修饰的词中同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，定语从句的关系词只能用that引导： 如：I can remember wel

7、l the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room .7).定语从句修饰的词为one, ones时，定语从句的关系词用that引导： 如：Is it the one (that) you want? 8) 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which来提问时， 为了避免重复，用that引导定语从句：如：Who is the girl that won the first place?3. who: who指人（that除指人外也指物）在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语可省略，作主语不能省略。如：The girl who often helps

8、me with my English is from England.(作主语，不可省略) The teacher who spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office. (作主语，不可省略) The boy (whothat) I like isnt here now. (作宾语，可省略)*注意*who或that指人时可互相代替，但下列情况下只能用who，不能用that引导的定语从句：1） 先行词是one , ones , anyone时，定语从句只能用who引导2） 先行词为those时，定语从句只能用who引导。

9、3） There be 句型开头。*另注*whom指人，是who的宾格形式，在句中只作宾语，其前没有介词时，也可用who替换使用，也可省略。如：Who is the teacher (that/who/whom) Yanzhen is talking to? (作宾语，可省略) Who is the teacher to whom Yanzhen is talking? (作宾语，介词to提到whom前，whom在此处不可省略)4.whose: whose指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，不可省略。eg: The building whose windows face to the south

10、 is our school. (作定语，不可省略)（二）关系副词：1.when (时间) 2. where（地点）3. why (原因) （关系副词用法较简单-略）定语从句基础部分小结、基本结构：(一) 定语从句作主句中宾语/表语的定语：1. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（n/pron）+······+ 关系词+主语+谓语（系动词）+······.2. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 (n/pron) +······ +

11、关系词+主语+谓语（系动词）+······. 主句 + 定语从句 (二) 定语从句作主句中主语的定语： 主语 + 关系词+主语+谓语/系动词······ + 谓语/系动词+······. 主语 + 定语从句+谓语/系动词······ + 谓语/系动词······. 二、关系词：（一）关系代词： 1.

12、 that：that- 1）人 2）物 -1）主语 2）宾语（略） 2. who: who - 人 -1）主语 2）宾语3.whom: whom - 人 - 宾语：1）who/whom 都可2）但作介词的宾语，就是介词后必用 whom4.which: which -物- 1）主语 2）宾语5.whose: whose -1) 人 2）物 -定语 + n (二) 关系副词：1. when: when -时间 -（时间）定语从句2. where: where - 地点- （地点）定语从句3. why: why - 原因 -（原因）定语从句（较少用）巩固练习 I 用适当的关系词填空 1. The m

13、an _ I saw in the street yesterday is Toms father.2. The students _ dont work hard will pass the exam.3. Is there anything _ you want to say now?4. This is the only book _ I wangt read for my child .5. The first present _ my parents gave me was a model plane.6. The bridge _ is being built will be th

14、e most beautiful in the city.7. I dont want to work with a man _ hair is so long.8. These are the trees _ were planted last year.9. The car _ he is using is made in China.10. Is this the musician _ you like best?II 单项选择：( )1.The girl _ could sing well went to Europe. A. who B, whose C, whom D, which

15、( )2.We prefer music which _ great lyrics. A, have B, has C, had D, is( )3. She lves in a house _ windows face south . A, that B, who C, which D, whose( )4. Who is the man _ talked with you just now? A, who B, that C, whom D, whose( )5. Look at the boy and his dog _ are coming this way. A. who B. wh

16、ich C. that D. whom( )6. This is the biggest ship _ Ive ever seen. A. who B. whom C. That D. whose ( )7. Look at the girl _ name is Susan. A. who B. whose C. whom D. That( )8. That was all the money _ I had. A. which B. that C. whom D. whose( )9. This is the man _ last night. A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw C. which I saw D. who I saw him( )10. They talked about things and persons _ they remembered in the school. A. who B. which C. that D. whatIII 将下列句子组成一个带有定语从句的复合句：1. The boy is To