同等学力保过C 翻译讲义

1、同等学力保过C 翻译讲义I. 考试要求1. 大纲要求 第五部分 翻译本部分包括英译汉和汉译英两节，共20分，每节10分。考试时间为30分钟。要求译文意思准确，文字通顺。A节为英译汉。本节设三种题型，每次考试设其中的一种题型。题型一：要求考生翻译5个单句，总长度为80100个英文单词。题型二：要求考生翻译一个段落，段落长度为80100个英文单词。题型三：在一个较长的段落中，有5个带有下划线的句子，要求考生翻译这5个句子。5个句子的总长度为80100个英文单词。B节为汉译英。本节设两种题型，每次考试设其中的一种题型。题型一：要求考生翻译5个单句，总长度为100120个汉字。题型二：要求考生翻译一个

2、段落，段落长度为100120个汉字。2. 材料特点英译汉汉译英10环境：生态系统119；5社会：全球化对中国的影响110；209健康：三手烟97；4教育：亲子教育113；508科技：网络94；5经济：能源危机98；207心理学：测量99；5社会：能源危机118；206环境：野生动物97；5社会：中国水资源111；205科技：电子通讯98；5社会：中国老龄化127；204文化：艺术作用86；4文化：中国艺术131；403-经济、社会：奥运会127；302-经济：中国经济特点120；4II. 英译汉 1. 步骤： 1) 找断点：介词、连词、标点符号转折：conj. : although thoug

3、h while = whereas even if = even though + S Vprep: despite in spite of instead of + N./PRON./DOING.Rather thanMore. Than.e.g.: A is more difficult than B e.g.: he is more lucky than clever.However因果： conj. Because, as, since, in that, now thatS V, because S V.Prep.: because of, due to, owing to Conj

4、.: so that, so + adj./adv. that S VS V, so that S V.Prep.:条件：if, unless = if not , provided that, providing that . Supposing that , given that Prep.: given.But that S V 要不是 but for + n./pron./doing并列和递进：andPrep.: besides, apart from, as well as, in addition to, .总分：n. such as A B C DSuch n as A B C

5、DSuch energy as sun, wind, and tide For example从句引导词 5 Wthat 2) 找主谓 S | VTips：a. be:à | am is are was were b. 情态V + do canmanage to do = can dofail to do = cant dohave to had better + doc. have has hadd. do does did attemptthey | attempt their attempt 3) 逻辑关系 4) 组织语言e.g. 1. I | let bird out of

6、his cage, you | see, this morning, and he |s disappeared. 我让鸟出他的笼子，你知道，今天早上，并且他不见了是这样的，今天早上，我把小鸟放出笼子，然后他不见了Tips：递进A And B adj. and adj. V1, V2 and V3S V, S V and S V._e.g. 2. Although the object (of the annual performance review) | is to improve performance, it | often has the opposite result.年度表现评估

7、 尽管年度绩效评估的目标是改善工作表现，但是它经常起反作用。So. ThatI was so tired that I fell asleep.我太累了，所以睡着了TIPS: n./pron. ( )It： 放在句首 1. it 形式主语 to do./ that.e.g.: it is natural that parents love their children.2. it is/was + 强调部分 + that who which e.g.: it is only recently that people realize the importance of forests. 3. 无

8、主代词 it is sunny today. 4.代替前文提过的东西I love my cell-phone, but I fail to find it. It is lost._e.g. 3. It | is a very common belief that the problems (of the population explosion) | are caused 【mainly】 by poor people (living in poor countries) (who | do not know enough to limit their reproduction).It is

9、 a very common belief that S V.人们普遍认为，人口爆炸的问题主要由 (生活在贫困国家的) 贫困人口造成, (他们对限制他们的生育了解不足的)。Tips: 长定语的翻译方法e.g.: Do you know the lady (who lives in the next door)? à . 的.分译法，拆译法A decide B A make a decision B人们普遍认为，问题 人口爆炸 被造成主要 被 穷人 生活在 穷国 谁不知道足够限制 他们的再生产。_e.g. 4: With much of the country given over t

10、o market gardening and the intensive cultivation of flowers, planners | have also come up with designs for floating greenhouses (designed) so that the water （beneath them） | irrigates the plants and controls the temperature inside.由于国家的大部分用于市场园艺业和花卉的集约耕种，计划者 也已经（为漂浮温室 设计）提出设计,以便温室下面的水浇灌植物并且控制室内温度。Ti

11、ps: so that用法so that 可用来引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句, 区别如下:引导目的状语从句时: 从句部分多出现情态动词 so that S V情态动词e.g.: it | ought to be our business to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people of other lands. 引导结果状语从句: 不出现上述情况e.g.: make prisoners more angry, more hostile, so that t

12、hey will increase the level of their criminal behaviour. _2. 基本知识1) 词汇2) 句型3) 逻辑关系转折: but, although, though, whereas, while, whether. or.despite, in spite of, instead of, however, nevertheless, fortunately, unfortunately.因果: because, since, as, in that, now that, since, owing to, due to, because of,

13、 for some reasons of.therefore, thus, for, so that.因，so that 果果，because 因条件: if, unless, provided, supposed, but that, given that but for . 并列or递进: and, and then, an soas well as, besides.as well, even, furthermore, whats more总分: such.as, first, second, third. last. in short, above all._III. 汉译英1. 断

14、句2. 句型五大基本句型：S V PS VS V OS V Oi OdS V O C名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句3. 语序e.g. 1 机器人不可能像人类一样思考。e.g. 2 我会告诉他们，在草地上睡觉并不脏。e.g. 3 你浪费越多的时间，你就越容易浪费更多的时间。IV. 复习建议：1. 以历年考题为主要的复习资料，包括翻译、阅读、完型。2. 英译汉注重长难句划分；汉译英注意背固定句型。V. 练习1. E C A 1) Anything (that you | find out O about the prospective employer) | can be used to your

15、 advantage during the interview to show that you | have bothered to master some facts (about the people (who you hope to work for O).Tips: 如果主语部分有从句：定语从句，主语从句，同位语从句，到第二个谓语动词之前结束2)There is little likelihood that a panel of five wants to go through the process of all shaking hands with you in turn.3)

16、It is true to say that the more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas and, as a rule, the better we like those people themselves.4) Watched over by guards with guns, they raised their legs in unison and made their way to the edge of the highway, Interstate 65.5) What they

17、 will do is make prisoners more angry, more hostile, so that when they get out of prison, they will increase the level of their criminal behaviour.6) When it comes to Oxford and Cambridge being elitist because of the number of private school pupils they accept, professor Stone of Oxford University a

18、rgues that there is a simple fact he and his associates cannot ignore7) The stars which we see glittering in the sky on a dark and cloudless night are almost certainly the suns of other solar systems more or less like our own, but they are so far away in space that it is unlikely that we shall ever

19、get to know very much about them.8) The circumstances under which different people live make a great difference between the way in which they live and the way in which we live, and it ought to be our business to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people

20、of other lands.9)In a sense, men of this kind begin not so much with a musical theme as with a completed composition.10) They hope to develop an early warning system that can be used to forecast earthquakes so that lives can be saved.KEY TO E-C A1)你所了解的新雇主的任何有关情况对你都有利，在面试中可以为你所用；它表明你为将要司职的雇主下了功夫，掌握一

21、些情况。2)如果是五人面试组，一般不会逐个与你握手，所以，没人与你握手也不必感到不安。3) 可以肯定地说，对别人了解越多，就能更好地理解他们的思想，而且作为常理，我们就越发喜欢他们。4) 在持枪卫兵的监视下，这些囚犯迈着一致的步伐朝州际65号高速公路走去。5) 用惩罚和用惩罚进行威胁会使罪犯更恼怒，更敌对，结果当他们出狱后，他们会变本加厉地进行犯罪活动。6) 当谈到牛津大学和剑桥大学因录取私立学校学生数量之多而成为一流大学时，牛津大学的斯顿教授说，他和他的同事们不能忽视这样一个简单的事实。7) 在晴朗的夜空中我们看到的闪烁恒星，基本上都是其他太阳系的太阳，与我们的太阳很相似，但它们与我们相距十

22、分遥远，要想详细了解它们是不可能的。8) 不同人群的生活环境使我们的生活方式与他们的有着很大不同，我们的任务是应该了解那些不同的环境，以便更好地了解异国的人民。9) 从某种意义上说，这类作曲家与其说是从某一音乐主题开始创作，倒不如说一开始他们就有一个完整的作品。10) 他们希望开发一套早期报警系统来预报地震，挽救生命。B1) The decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, indeed, some suggest that

23、 the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, hut since uncertainty

24、 is always there, risk accompanies decisions. Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious2) Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life and that a certain amount each day is essential for maintaining equilibrium. Daydreaming, science

25、 has discovered, is an effective relaxation technique. But its beneficial effects go beyond this. Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth, powers of concentration, and the ability to interact and communicate with others.In an experiment with schoolchildren

26、in New York, Dr. Joan Freyberg observed improved concentration: "There was less running around, more happy feelings, more talking and playing in the group, and more attention paid to detail."3) Nowadays, with the rapid economic development, 今天，伴随着经济的快速发展there grows enormous pressure in the

27、 supply of energy, 能源供应方面存在着巨大的压力which is to a certain extent related with the present economic and social development stage (of our country). 这在一定程度上与我国当前的经济和社会发展阶段有关。However, no matter which stage we are in, if we are consuming too much energy.we | will be definitely punished, and face the problem

28、s (of energy shortage, environment pollution and ecological damage etc.), Tips: 语法: 状语从句的省略:Robots | are beginning to be seen, 【although they are to a less degree】, in other industries. although to a less degree. 当从句的主语为人称代词,谓语有be动词的时候, 可以将人称代词和be动词掉.即状语从句的省略.Robots are beginning to be seen, althoug

29、h they are to a less degree, in other industries.e.g.: the quality of life |, especially as it is seen by the individual, is meaningful.When _ (confronted) with the same problem, sales managers tend to see sales problem, and production managers tent to see production problem.Confront A with BA be co

30、nfronted with BA be faced with BA face B4) A survey (made recently) | indicates that most of buildings (in China, no matter for office or residential purpose), all | consume more electricity, heat and water resources compared to that of foreign countries. 最近做的一项调查表明Compare A to B 把A和B做比较A be compare

31、d to B Tips: 分词短语做状语 having hadWhen he | had lunch, Jack sneezed.When he | had lunch, Jack sneezed.Having lunch, Jack sneezed.Jack sneezed, Having lunch.Jack, Having lunch, sneezed. Tips:Prep. 的翻译 à V I come to china at a special time.我在一个特殊的时间来的中国。我来中国，恰逢一个特殊的时刻。Protect sb. From doing.from sth

32、.保护某人远离For instance, energy consumption (for Beijing residents) | is three times as much as that of the families (in north German) under the similar weather conditions.比较级1. as adj./adv. as 同级2. adj/adv +er than 比较级3. adj/adv. +est 最高级A is three times as much as BA 是B的三个A和B一样多他的脸黑像煤一样His face is as

33、black as coal他的脸比煤还黑他的脸更黑比煤His face is more black than coal.His face is the most black of/among/in the whole class. China | is an energy shortage country, therefore we Chinese | should save (economize) resources so as to=in order to ensure the sustainable development for Chinese economy.ensure 使动ena

34、ble sb. To do sth.Encourage sb. To do sth.Enclose entitle sb. To do sth.à sb. Be entitled to do sthThe senior over 70 in Beijing are entitled to get public transport tool freely.dis- disabled discourage KEY B1) 决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。管理者所做的一切几乎都与决策有关，事实上，有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。虽然决策者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可

35、能会发生的情况。管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测，并使偶然性尽可能少地发生。但因为总是存在着未知情况，所以决策往往伴随着风险。有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重，但有时就会不堪设想。2) 最近的研究表明，白日做梦是日常生活的一部分，人们每天必须有一定量的白日梦来维持平衡。科学发现，白日做梦是一种有效的放松方法。但它的好处绝不止于此。实验证明，白日做梦对于智力的增长，注意力的集中，对与别人交往与交流的能力都起着十分重要的作用。在纽约对在校生做的实验中，琼弗雷伯格教授对儿童注意力的改善状况进行了观察：“他们不再像过去那样到处乱跑，有更加愉快的感觉，在一起说话也多了，也更愿意玩了，对细节也更加注意

36、了。”3) 当前我国经济发展迅速，能源供应的压力较大，这跟我国当前经济和社会发展所处的阶段不无关系。但是，不管我们处于哪个发展阶段，如果消耗能源过多，就会因此受到惩罚，面临能源匮乏、环境污染和生态破坏等困境。4) 最近一项调查表明，中国的大部分建筑 不论是办公楼还是居民楼 所消耗的电、热和水等资源比发达国家的同类建筑要多。例如，北京居民家庭平均消耗的能源是气候类似的德国北部家庭的三倍，中国是资源短缺的国家，我们必须节约资源，才能使我国的经济持续发展。2. C-EA1) 要学就努力学，要玩就痛痛快快地玩。这是一句古谚，但意义深远。2) 好的课程表必须有一定的弹性，这样遇到紧急情况时能应付自如。3

37、) 你的注意力有可能迅速转移，所以似乎你可以同时注意到几个概念。4) 生气的人忘记伤痛，害怕的人没有快乐，紧张或焦虑不安的人会对鸡毛蒜皮的事大动肝火。5) 常常等到有充足的自尊心后，人们才认识到真正的问题。6) 成功的育儿之道始于让孩子知道，他们属于这个家庭，他们受到宠爱没有别的原因，就因为他们自身的存在。7) 当然也有证据表明：人们的动 机在克服干扰影响方面起着重要作用，而且人与人在个人的持续注意时间上也有相当大的差异。8) 没有健康的自尊心，他们处理问题时，不是把问题谈出来，而是用行动把问题表现出来，或者是采取退缩和对自己和他人保持冷漠的态度。9) 在过去100年的历届总统竞选中，人们都试

38、图打破这一旧的制度，但这一体制还是在种种非难中幸存了下来。10) 如果某些动物心理学家的分析是正确的话，那么一条狗真正地接受了它的家庭，就想当然地认为这个家庭是它所归属的一群狗。KEY C-EA1)Study hard and play hard is an old proverb, but it still makes sense.2) A good schedule must have a little give so that special projects can be taken care of properly.3) It is possible for your attenti

39、on to shift so rapidly that it seems that you attend to several concepts at once.4) The angry man forgets the pain of injury, the fearful man finds it difficult to enjoy pleasure and the tense or anxious person may react violently to the smallest of matters.5) It is not until energies are back to no

40、rmal that the real problem is recognized.6) Successful parenting begins by communicating to children that they belong, and are loved for no other reason than just because they exist.7) There is evidence, of course, that motivation plays an important role in overcoming the effects of distractors and

41、that there are considerable differences in individual spans of attention.8) Without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems rather than talking them out or by withdrawing and remaining indifferent toward themselves and others.9) Attempts to break up this old system have been made

42、in every presidential election in the past one hundred years, but the system has survived all assaults.10) If certain animal psychologists are right, a dog adopts his family in a most literal way taking it for granted that the family is the band of dogs he belongs to.B1) 选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。决策

43、本身就是一个选择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。例如，学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到制约，这些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。2) 直到最近人们还认为白日梦要么是浪费时间，要么是神经病的先兆，习惯性白日梦被看作是不适应环境的表现，或者是对现实生活和责任的一种逃避。人们相信习惯性的白日梦最终会拉开人与社会的距离，降低人们处理实际问题的能力，充其量，白日梦只不过被看作是对生活中真实事物的一种补偿。3) 所谓“三手烟”是指在香烟被熄灭的数小时甚至几天后，仍残留于地毯、衣服和其他物品上的烟雾等污染物。一项研究表明，很多人，尤其是烟民，并

44、不知道“三手烟”会危害人体健康。在参与调查的1500名受访者（烟民及非烟民）中，大部分都知道“二手烟”对健康的危害。但是当被问及是否同意“昨天有人抽过烟的屋子里的空气会危害人们的健康”时，只有65%的非烟民和43%的烟民认同该说法。4) 工程师们正在开发一种新型的网络接入技术，这种技术能够快速地传输众多的数据。快到可能使网上冲浪者都感到惊奇。这种技术将打开一条通道，通过这条通道，数据传输速度要比现行的速度快上千倍。如果一切按计划进行，所有人将很快享受到无比快速的数据传输速度。这可能有助于解决因特网传输快速增长的问题。这项技术需要一些新的软件和与个人电脑相连的光纤。但除此外，无须改动基础设施。K

45、EY C-EB1) Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. Decision making is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of choice. For example, a student may be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree. For managers, every decision has constraints, which exist at all levels of the organization.2) Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic t