高中英语 Unit22 Environmental Protection Language Awareness导学案 北师大版选修8

1、Unit22 Environmental Protection Language AwarenessUnit22 Environmental Protection Language AwarenessLearning Aims:（学习目标）1.掌握情态动词+have done的用法。2.so that 引导的目的状语从句.3.动词主动形式表示被动含义的用法.（重难点）Step1:Revision(知识回顾)被动语态的基本构成。Step2: Check preview（检查预习）Step3:LeadIn(导入)Turn to page 15.Step4:Self-study and Cooper

2、ation（自主学习与合作探究）1.Read the following sentences and pay attention to the underlined part.(1)Many people thought that permission wouldn't be given，and some thought the project should never have been allowed.(P15)许多人认为不会得到许可，也有一些人认为这项工程本来就不该被允许。归纳拓展：“情态动词have done”结构：must have done用于肯定句，表示“(过去)一定做了

3、某事”。can't have done表示“不可能做了某事”，用于对过去的否定情况把握较大的推测。could have done表示“本能做某事(而实际上没做)”。might have done a表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”；b.表示责备、惋惜之情，意为“本可以做某事(而事实上没做)”。needn't have done表示“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。例句：You must have seen the film Les Choristes.你肯定看过电影放牛班的春天。Mr.Smith can't have gone t

4、o Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才在图书馆看见他了。He could have passed the exam，but he was too careless.本来他能够通过考试的，但是他太粗心了。You may have read about it in the newspapers.你可能已经在报上看过这个消息了。You needn't have told me the news.I have already known it.你本不必告诉我这个消息的，我已经知道了。（2）The fa

5、bric is going to be suspended above the river so that the work of art can be seen from both above and below.(P15)这种织物将被悬在河的正上方，这样一来，这件艺术品从上方和下方就都能看到了。so that引导目的状语从句：从句中常含有can/could，may/might等情态动词，从句和主句不用逗号隔开，此时so that可用in order that替换(in order that可位于句首，而so that不能)so that引导结果状语从句：从句可用逗号与主句隔开，从句中一般没

6、有情态动词My old father began to study the computer at the age of sixty so that(in order that)he might keep up with the times.我的老父亲60岁时开始学电脑，以便跟上时代。She had not planned her time well，so that she did not finish her homework on time.她没把时间安排好，所以她没按时完成家庭作业。2语法：主动形式表被动含义（1）某些系动词如：feel, look, smell, taste, soun

7、d等后接形容词时；某些实义动词如：cut, read, sell, wear，write等带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等含义时，均用主动形式表示被动意义。This kind of tea tastes good.这种茶尝起来味道不错。The books sell well.这些书很畅销。The shop opens from 9 am. to 10 pm.这家商店从上午九点到晚上十点营业。（2）need, require, want等后接动词的主动形式表示被动含义。The car needs repairing. =The car needs to be repa

8、ired. 这辆车需要修理。These babies require looking after carefully.这些婴儿需要细心照料。The plants want watering.这些植物需要浇水。（3）在某些表语形容词如：easy, difficult, hard, worth, dangerous, heavy, impossible, comfortable等后作状语的不定式和主语有动宾关系时，常用主动形式表示被动含义。He is easy to get along with.他很好相处。The question is very difficult to answer.这个问题

9、很难回答。（4）在“主谓宾to do”句型中，不定式作定语修饰宾语，同时句子主语与不定式动作为主谓关系时，用主动形式表示被动含义。Today we have many exercises to do.今天我们有许多练习要做。In the past, they didn't have enough food to eat.过去，他们没有足够的食物吃。Please lend me a pen to write with.请借给我一支钢笔用。I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。

10、注意：如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)（5）在there be句型中，主语后的不定式可用主动形式表示被动意义。There are some problems to solve.有些问题要解决。（6）某些固定词组、句型或用法如be to blame, be to let, be to seek, add up to, take place, turn out, catch on, consi

11、st of, come out, remain to do等可用主动形式表示被动含义。He is to blame.他应该受责备。The house is to let.此房出租。（7）形容词worth后接动名词时，该动名词要用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。There's never anything worth watching on TV. 电视上从来没有值得看的节目。（8） 在tooto do 结构中，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如：The text is too difficult to underst

12、and. 这篇课文难以理解。Step5：Showing and explaining(展示与点评)Explain some difficulties.学生在黑板上写下情态动词+have done 结构。Step6: Doing exercises（课堂检测）一单项填空1.Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He _ too much at the party last night.Acould drinkBshould drink Cwould have drunk Dmust have drunk2I missed the first part of the fil

13、m.It was really a pity.You_home half an hour earlier.Ashould have left Bmust have left Cshould leave Dmust leave3So what is the procedure?All the applicants_before a final decision is made by the authority.Ainterview Bare interviewing Care interviewed Dare being interviewed4Visitors_not to touch the

14、 exhibits.Awill request Brequest Care requesting Dare requested5Mum，is the pair of gloves_mine?Yes.You have to wear another pair.Awashing Bhave washed Chaving washed Dbeing washed6Much attention must_to the development of science and technology.Apay Bto pay Cbe paid Dto be paid7. I want _my hair cut

15、, because it wants _. Ahaving; cuttingBto have; cutting Cto have; to cut Dhaving; to cut 8. This machine is very easy _. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. Aoperating Bto be operating Coperated Dto operate 9. I think it is your parents who_for your spoiled son. Aare to blame Bare going to

16、 blame Care to be blamed Dshould blame 10This kind of wool shirt _ soft and _ well. Ais felt; sells Bfeels; sells Cis felt; is sold Dfeels; is sold 11As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area _. Aneed repairing Bneeds to repair Cneeds repairing Dneed to repair 二完成句子1.

17、她本可以取得巨大进步的，但她太懒了。_，but she was too lazy.2.他不必那么急的。全速驾驶之后，他早到了半个小时。_After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour earlier.3大多数室内盆栽植物需要定期浇水。Most house plants require_regularly.4.You_ here earlier. 你本该早些来。 三句型转换I'll speak slowly in order that you can understand me.I'll speak slowly _It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.It is fine wea