高中英语必修人教新课标UnitFirst aid 知识点总结

1、高中英语必修5（人教新课标）Unit 5 First aid知识点总结一、重点词汇 aid 原文再现 First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill 急救是给予那些突然发病的人的帮助基本用法 n. 帮助，与help相近 He was too busy to come to my aid. 他太忙了，不能来帮我。知识拓展 相关短语 in aid of 为帮助do/give/offer first aid 进行急救 be a great aid to/for 对有极大的帮助 相关句型/结构

2、aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事fall ill原文再现 First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill 急救是给予那些突然发病的人的帮助基本用法 fall ill意为“生病了”，其中fall为连系动词。知识拓展-相关短语 fall silent 沉默下来 fall asleep 睡着，入睡 fall down/over 跌倒，绊倒fall off 脱落，脱离 injury 原文再现 Often the illness or injury is not serious

3、, 通常这种疾病或伤势并不严重基本用法 n. 损伤；伤口，伤害（名词复数: injuries）知识拓展其他词性 injury v. 受伤，伤害 词义辨析 hurt/injure/wound/cut variety 原文再现 You can get burned by a variety of things: 你可能会因为各种原因被烫伤：基本用法 n. 不同种类，多种式样；变化；多样化；多变性（名词复数:varieties） We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化。知识拓展 其他词性 adj. various 各种各样的；多姿多彩的 adv. va

4、riously 以各种方式；不同地 vi. vary 不同；变化；变更 相关短语 a (wide/great/large) variety of. 各种各样的. varieties of . 各种各样的. squeeze 原文再现 squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again 把它们挤出来并反复涂在烫伤处基本用法 v. 压，挤，捏知识拓展 其他含义v. squeeze 压出，榨出，挤出 She squeezed the water out of the sponge. 她把海绵里的水挤了出来

5、。 v. squeeze 挤入，挤过；塞，常用于squeeze+n.+adv./prep结构中。如： Is the car full or can I squeeze in? 汽车坐满了吗？我还能挤进来吗？ 相关短语squeeze out 挤出；榨出 squeeze in/into 挤进 over and over again 原文再现 squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again 把它们挤出来并反复涂在烫伤处基本用法 over and over again意为“再三，反复”。知识拓展-相关

6、短语 over again 再一遍，重新 all over 到处，浑身，全部结束 in place 原文再现 Hold the bandage in place with tape. 用胶布把绷带固定。基本用法 in place意为“适当；在合适的位置”。 一旦所有的椅子都摆放好了，我们就可以让人们进来了。知识拓展-相关短语from place to place 处处 give place to 让位于 in place of (=take the place of) 代替 out of place 不合适，不恰当 honour 原文再现 Seventeen-year-old teenager

7、, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night .17岁的青年约翰詹森昨晚在救生员颁奖大会上领奖.基本用法 n/v 荣誉；给.荣誉 in honour of . 向.表示敬意 be honoured for 因.收到尊敬 have the honour of doing sth 荣幸做. do sb the/an honour 给某人带来荣誉 a number of 原文再现 He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages 他立即向周围很多人要绷

8、带(创可贴)基本用法 a number of意为“许多，大量的”。知识拓展 同义短语 a quantity of + n(可数名词复数或不可数名词) 许多quantities of+n. (可数名词复数或不可数名词) 许多 词义辨析 a number of/the number of treat 原文再现 John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slades hands. 约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。基本用法 v. 对待；看待。常用于如下结构中： treat sb. well/badly 对待某人好/不好

9、 treat sb. with respect/kindness 尊重某人/友好待人 treat sb. like/as 像对待某人知识拓展 其他含义 v. treat 医治，治疗，常用结构有： treat sb. for 治疗某人的 treat sb. with sth. 用某物治疗某人相关单词 n. treatment 治疗，疗法；处理；对待 apply 原文再现 He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived. 他使劲地摁住伤口，使血流得慢些，

10、一直等到警察和救护车的到来。基本用法 v 应用，运用 ；申请，请求；贴，涂，敷；适用 apply .to. 应用 apply (to sb) for sth (向某人)申请某物apply sth to. 将某物涂在.上 apply oneself/ones mindsto 致力于，专心于 I will apply for the position tomorrow. 我明天要申请这个职位。 We should apply theory to practice. 我们应该把应用于实际。知识拓展-相关单词 n. application 应用；申请 make a difference 原文再现 It

11、 shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. 这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要作用。基本用法 make a/some/much/a lot of/ some/little/no difference (to sb) 对某人有（一些/很多/没有）意义/区别/影响 It doesnt make any difference to me whether you go or stay. 你的去留对我没有什么影响。 My father really make a bid difference to me. 我爸爸对我有很

12、大的影响。二、重点句型 So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. 因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重. 基本用法 句中as 引导的非限制性定语从句 1. 与such，the same 连用，as在从句中作主语，宾语或标语。 He is not the same man as he used to be. 他不再是从前的样子了。 Such people as you describe cant be found anywhere. 你所描述的这样的人是任何地方都找不到的。 2

13、. as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词往往为一个句子。 The football team won the game, as we had expected. 正如我们所预料的那样，这支足球队赢了比赛。 3. as 与which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为一个句子或一个词，有时可以互换，但在句首或 在句尾中作插入语时只能用as。 The man is from Shanghai, as/which we know from his accent. 这个人来自上海，这一点我们可以从他的口音中听出来。 Mary, as we had expected, passed the drivin

14、g test. 玛丽，正如我们所预料的那样，通过了驾驶考试。 As is known to us, this is the most successful film this year. 我们都知道，这是今年最成功的一部电影。 Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned. 根据皮肤烧伤的层次而分别叫做一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤.基本用法 句中depending on which layers of the skin are burn

15、ed为现在分词短语作伴随状语。现在分词或分词短 语作状语时，可以表 示时间，原因，结果，伴随状况等。如: In the old days, he went from door to door, begging for food. 在旧社会，他挨家挨户要饭。 （伴随状语） It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the country. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。（结果状语） Hearing their teachers voice, the pupils stopped talking at once. 一听到他们老师的声音，学生们立

16、即停止了讲话。（时间） Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help. 因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助于老师。 .but there are times when giving first aid quickly can save lives. 但也有些其他的时候，如果给予及时的急救便可挽救生命. 基本用法 句中，when引导的是定语从句，先行词为times， 从句的主语是giving first aid，是动名词做主语。 John was studying

17、 in his room when he heard screaming. 约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到尖叫声. 基本用法 句中when作连词，表示“正在那时（突然）”（=and then; and just then; and at that time). 通常和正 在发生的或即将发生的动作连用： was/were doing.when. was/were about to do. when. on the point of doing .when. 正在做.时，（另外一件事发生了） had just done. when. 刚做了某事，.(另外一件事发生了) It was Johns qu

18、ick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slades life. 正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命. 基本用法此句为强调句型，强调了主语Johns quick action and knowledge of first aid。英语常用的强调结构是 It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that).。一般说来,被强调部分指人时,用who; 指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。去掉it is和who/that，剩下的句子仍是一个有完整成分的句子。三、重点语法 省略句 定义 为了使讲

19、话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。基本用法 1.状语从句中的省略用法 如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式(am/is/are/was/were)，可同时省略 从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 (1). when，while引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.(2) if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treat

20、ed, waste will do no harm to the environment. Ill not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. (3) though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is)

21、sick or well, she is always cheerful. No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time. (注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式) (4) as if，as though引导的方式状语从句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to le

22、ave.(as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作) (5) than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法： 当不同的主语进行比较时，一般省略从句中的谓语;当从句中的主语与谓语(be动词除外)和主句中的主语与谓语 相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。 He is taller than his brother (is).I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him. (6) 以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/a

23、re。 If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any. 2. 定语从句中的省略用法关系词的省略 关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略; in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。The man (th

24、at/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa. I dont like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl. 3. 虚拟语气中if及should的省略(1) 当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。 If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. (2) Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中，谓语动词 常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. 4. 不定式符号to的省略 (1) 感官动词see，hear