直接引语和间接引语

1、Section Grammar直接引语和间接引语语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟He said to me，“You are wrong.”He told me that I was wrong.“Are you a soldier？”he asked.He asked if/whether I was a soldier.He asked，“Where are you going to get off，John？”He asked John where he was going to get off.“Make sure the door is closed，”the teach

2、er said to me.The teacher told me to make sure the door was closed.“I will come and，see you again this evening，Tom，”she said.She told Tom that she would go and see him again that evening.“I will come here again today，”she said.She said that she'd go there again that day.1.若直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，要用连词t

3、hat来引导宾语从句；直接引语中的人称、时态等都要作相应的变化，如句。2.若直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词if或whether来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，如句。3.若直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，需用原来的疑问词来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，如句。4.若直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，需改用“动词宾语不定式”结构，其中的动词通常是表示“命令、建议、请求”的动词，如句。5.直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词和动词要做相应变化，如句。6.直接引语变间接引语时，地点状语和时间状语要做相应变化，如句。语 法 精 要 点 拨一、基本概念

4、引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，叫作直接引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号的叫作间接引语。直接引语变为间接引语时，需在时态形式、人称代词、指示代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语以及语序等方面做相应的变化。“I like singing，”she said.(直接引语)She said she liked singing.(间接引语)她说她喜欢唱歌。“Don't touch anything，”he said.(直接引语)He told us not to touch anything.(间接引语)他告诉我们不要碰任何东西。二、直接引语变为间接引

5、语时各种句式的转换1引述陈述句时，用连词that引导(that在口语中常被省略。)，主句动词主要用say，tell，repeat，answer，reply，explain，announce，declare.think等。He said，“I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。He said，“I've left my book in your room.”He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书忘在我房间里了。2引述一般疑问句

6、或附加疑问句时，通常用whether或if引导，而引述选择疑问句时，一般只能用whether引导。原句中的谓语动词said要改为asked，语序用陈述句语序。He asked，“Are you sure your mother will come？”He asked me whether/if I was sure my mother would come.他问我是否确信我妈妈会来。He asked，“They live in groups，don't they？”He asked whether/if they lived in groups.他问它们是否是群居。He asked，“

7、Are you a teacher or a student？”He asked me whether I was a teacher or a student.他问我是老师还是学生。巧学助记一般疑问句变间接引语“口诀”if/whether接引语，陈述语序莫忘记；人称、时态和状语，变化需用陈述句。即时训练1句型转换(每空一词)The doctor said，“You should eat more vegetables.”The doctor told me that I should eat more vegetables.She said，“Do you like watching the

8、 advertisements on TV？”She asked me if/whether I like watching the advertisements on TV.She said，“You have seen the film，haven't you？”She wondered if/whether I had seen the film.3引述特殊疑问句时，用原句中的疑问词作为间接引语的连接词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)，语序用陈述句语序。“Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad？”Bill asked.Bill as

9、ked where I had found the ads for jobs abroad.比尔问我是在哪儿找到有关到国外工作的广告的。“What are you doing now？”Mom asked.Mom asked what I was doing then.妈妈问我当时在做什么。巧学助记直接引语为疑问句时，将其变为间接引语要遵循“一改、二换、三变化、四连词”的原则。一改：指改变语序；二换：即换said为asked；三变化：指人称、时态、状语变化；四连词：即直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语中应用whether/if引导；直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原来的疑问词引导。4引述祈使

10、句通常用“动词宾语不定式”结构。如果祈使句为否定句，要在不定式的前面加上not。引述表示命令的祈使句，常用动词order，tell，warn；引述表示请求的祈使句常用动词ask，beg；引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句常用动词advise等。He said，“Please come here again tomorrow.”He asked me to go there again the next day.他让我第二天再到那儿去。He said，“Do have a look yourself first.”He advised me to have a look myself first.他建议

11、我自己先看一看。He said，“Don't make so much noise，boys.”He told the boys not to make so much noise.他叫那些男孩不要弄出那么多的噪音。巧学助记祈使句变间接引语，遵循“一改、二变、三加、四去”原则：一改：said(to)改为asked或told二变：said to的宾语变成asked等的宾语三加：即在动词原形前加to，使其成为动词不定式四去：去掉please即时训练2句型转换(每空一词)He asked，“Who cured you of your toothache？”He asked me who ha

12、d cured me of my toothache.He asked me，“What do you do on weekends？”He asked me what I did on weekends.The teacher said to the boy，“Open the door，please！”The teacher told the boy to open the door.His father said to him，“Don't leave the window open when you are out.”His father told him not to lea

13、ve the window open when he was out.三、直接引语变成间接引语时要特别注意几个变化1人称的变化人称变化记忆口诀：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”一随主：引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。She said，“I'm a senior partner in a law firm.”She said that she was a senior partner in a law firm.她说她是法律事务所的资深合伙人。二随宾：引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。He said to Lily，“You must make

14、 good use of the chance.”He told Lily that she must make good use of the chance.他对李莉说必须好好利用这次机会。第三人称不更新：引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变。She said to me，“They want to purchase a new car.”She told me that they wanted to purchase a new car.她对我说他们想买一辆新车。2时态的变化直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态形式不变。但是如果引述动词为过去

15、时形式，间接引语中的动词时态形式一般按下列规律变化：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时The teacher said，“You are doing OK.”The teacher said that we were doing OK.老师说我们做得不错。He said，“I have written a novel.”He said that he had written a novel.他说他已经写完了一篇小说。即时训练3把下列句子变为间接引语，注意人称和时态变化He said，“She

16、will come here to have a long holiday.”He said that she would go there to have a long holiday.She said to me，“You play basketball better than me.”She told me that I played basketball better than her.“I bought this pair of shoes for my father.”Kate said.Kate said she had bought that pair of shoes for

17、 her father.He said，“I saw the film yesterday.”He said that he had seen the film the day before.She said，“I have seen the film.It is good.”She said that she had seen the film，and that it was good.Peter said，“I'm busy today.”Peter said that he was busy that day.3指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 在直接引语中在间接引语中指

18、示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis week/month，etc.that week/month，etc.yesterdaythe day before last week/month，etc.the week/month，etc.beforetwo weeks/months，etc.agotwo weeks/months，etc.beforetomorrowthe next daynext week/month，etc.the next week/month，etc.地点状语herethere方

19、向动词comegobringtake“I will come and help you tomorrow，Mary.”she said.She told Mary that she would go and help her the next day.她告诉玛丽第二天她会去帮她。“I'll come and see you again this evening，Tom.”he said.He told Tom(that)he would go and see him again that evening.他告诉汤姆他那晚要再去看他。即时训练4将下列句子变为间接引语，注意指示代词、物主代

20、词和时间状语的变化He said，“I am living with my cousin.”He said that he was living with his cousin.Mr Green asked，“Jack，have you passed the exam yesterday？”Mr Green asked Jack whether he had passed the exam the day before.The old man said，“I like to talk with these young men.”The old man said that he liked to

21、 talk with those young men.4语序变化直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问语序变为陈述语序，并且需把谓语动词say或say to sb.变为ask或ask sb.。“Are all ads playing tricks on us？”I asked her.I asked her whether/if all ads were playing tricks on us.我问她是否所有的广告都欺骗我们。The teacher asked the boy，“How many pages have you read today？”The teacher asked th

22、e boy how many pages he had read that day.老师问那个男孩那天读了多少页。四、直接引语变成间接引语时，时态保持不变的几种情况如果引述动词为过去式时，间接引语中动词的形式则在下列情况下不用变化：1直接引语是客观真理、格言、谚语。He said，“I'm a boy，not a girl.”He said that he is a boy，not a girl.他说他是男孩，不是女孩。2直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jane said，“Mary，where were you going when I met you on the bus？”Jan

23、e asked Mary where she was going when she met her on the bus.简在公交车上碰见玛丽时，问她要去哪里。3直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。John said，“I was born on June 8，2019.”John said he was born on June 8，2019.约翰说他出生于2019年6月8日。4直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语时，时态不变。He said，“I have breakfast at seven every morning.”H

24、e said he has breakfast at seven every morning.他说他每天早晨七点吃早饭。即时训练5把下列各句改为间接引语(每空一词)“Light travels much faster than sound.”my father told me.My father told me that light travels much faster than sound.The teacher said，“where there is a will，there is a way.”The teacher said that where there is a will，t

25、here is a way.He said，“I was born in 1986.”He said that he was born in 1986.“When did you come here？”she asked.She asked me when I went there语 法 应 用 落 实.语境填词根据语境在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1The man asked me whether I could lend him some money or not.2Jane asked her father why he was late for the party

26、that day.3His father told him not to leave (not leave) the door open. 【导学号：52352019】4The teacher said that light travels (travel)faster than sound.5She told me that the meeting would be held (hold)in her office in half an hour.6The woman told us that she had been(be) to many countries already.7The boy said that when the teacher came in，he was reading (read)