现在完成时及过去完成时精讲精练(教师版)

1、现在完成时用法：动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。与一般过去时的区别：强调过去 一般过去式强调对现在的影响 -现在完成时。试比较I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）构成：肯定句： have / has done否定句： .have/has not done一般疑问句： Have/ Has . done .?Yes, . have/has.No, .have/has not.常用的时间状语有：already“已经 ”肯定句的中间和末尾处neve

2、r“从不 ”中间处ever“曾经 ”疑问句和肯定句的中间处just“刚刚 ”中间处yet“已经 ”、 “还 ”疑问句、否定句的末尾处 )或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.already 和 yet 区别 :I have already finished my homework.already 用在 _ ，位于 _。 “已经”Have you finished your homework yet?yet 用在 _ 和 _中，位于 _。“仍然，还，已经”B.for 与 since 区别 :for + 时间段since+ 时间点I have lived in Changchun_

3、 two years.I have been here_7 oclock.用 since 和 for 填空1. _ two years2._ two years ago3. _ last month4._ 19995._ yesterday6. _ 4 o clock7. _ 4 hours8._ an hour9. _ we were children10. _ lunch time11._ she left here12, _ she was very young13. _ she was a child14, _ more than twenty yearsHe has lived in

4、 Nanjing _ the year before last.I ve known him _ we were children.Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.She has been away from the city _ about ten years.It s about ten years _ she left the city.注意：表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：一次 once; 二次 : twice, 三次： three times , ever, never等时

5、间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。1/12三 . have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法区别（一） .have(has) been in 表示 “在某地呆多长时间 ”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the far

6、m have been here (there) / abroad（二） .have(has)been to表示 “曾经去过某地 ”，现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has) been to后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have been to Beijing three

7、 times. 我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。（三） .have(has) gone to意为 “到某地去了 ”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如： -Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop.汤姆在哪里？他到书店去Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克 .约翰逊到伦敦去了。练习I. 用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone

8、填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I m afraid he won t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place

9、?B: He _ there only once.II. 用 have/has been to/in,have gone to及 go 的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ have _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7)

10、 I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year?2/1214) _ they often _ skating in winter?

11、注意现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for 和 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替 。（就是说：有for 或 since 的句子里，一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）。例如：borrow keep, buy have, begin/start be on, die be dead, join be in/be a member of- ， come/arrive be here/in, come/get back be back, go/leave be away(from), marry be married(to),【练一练】在现在完成时中，在

12、与 _和_引导的表示一段时间的状语连用时，通常是用相应的动词来代替 _.例如：borrow _,buy _,begin/start _,die _,join _ ， come/arrive _come/get back _,go/leave _, marry _,练习The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ a pen for _ _.He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.He came

13、back two years ago.He _ _ for _ _.5） He arrived Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ Beijing for _ _. arrive at/in sw.get to/reach e/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.

14、I _ _ the USA since _ _.3)I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4)They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _. come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1)He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2)We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ to Fuzhou since _. become be1) I became a teacher

15、 in 2000.3/12I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2)The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed ，open be open1)The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2)The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ for six hours. get up be up， die be deadleave sw. be away from

16、 sw.fall asleep/get to sleep be asleepfinish/end be overmarry be married1)I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2)He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3)My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _for _ _.4)The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ for six hours.5)I got to sleep

17、 two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6)They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _. start/begin to do sth. do sthbegin. be on1)I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2)The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ for _ _. borrow keep， lose not have， buy have ， put on wearcatch/ge

18、t a cold have a，coldget to know know1)They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2)I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3)I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4)I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _. have/has gone to have been in1)He has gone to Be

19、ijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days. join the league/the Party/the army4/12 be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for

20、two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.巩固练习根据提示完成句子他的爷爷去世三年了。His grandfather _three years ago.His grandfather has_ _ _3 years.His grandfather has_ _ _ 3 years ago.2 你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？How long have you_the bike?3 我买这本故事书三年了。I _

21、this story book three years ago.I have _ this story book _three years ago.I have _this story book_three years.4.他参军十年了。He _the Army three years ago.He has_ _the Army _ _.He has _ a _ _the Army for 3 years.5. 玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。Mary _ to John ten years ago.Mary_ _ _ to John for ten years.6.我入团 2 年了。I _ _ _

22、two years ago.I _ _ a _ _ for two years.I _ _ a _ of _ _ for two years.I _ _ _ the _ for two years.7. The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _.8. I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.9. He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.10.He came back two years ago

23、.He _ _ _ for _ _.11.He arrived Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.改错Hurry up! They wait for us.5/12Are you remembering his name?I mliking the film very much.I ll be glad if it will snowsoon.Does she goes to school every day?I have seen Betty yesterdayI didn t see the headmaster for w

24、eeks.He s just gone out, isn t he?His grandpa has died for two weeks.根据提示完成句子他的爷爷去世三年了。His grandfather _three years ago.His grandfather has_ _ _3 years.His grandfather has_ _ _ 3 years ago.2 你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？How long have you_ the bike?3 我买这本故事书三年了。I _this story book three years ago.I have _ this story

25、 book _three years ago.I have _this story book_ three years.4.他参军十年了。He _the Army three years ago.He has_ _the Army _ _.He has _ a _ _the Army for 3 years.5. 玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。Mary _ to John ten years ago.Mary_ _ _ to John for ten years.汉译英1）这本字典我已买了三年了。2）他离开中国三年了。3）我认识他们五年了。4）他们已去了美国五年了。五单项选择（） 1、 Both h

26、is parents looksad . Maybethey _whats happened to him . .knew.have known.must know.will know（） 2、 Hehas_ beentoShanghai , has he ? .already.never.ever . still（） 4、 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . . iswriting.waswriting.wrote.has written（） 5、 Our country_ a lot so far . Yes .

27、 I hope it will be even _ . . haschanged ; well.changed ; good . haschanged ; better.changed ; better（） 6、 Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied. are ; studying6/12（） 7、 We _ XiaoLi since she was alittlegirl . . know. had known. haveknown.

28、knew（） 8、 Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . .will see.haveseen.saw.see（） 9、 Thesefarmershavebeen totheUnitedStates . Really ? When _ there ? . willtheygo .didtheygo .dotheygo.havetheygone（） 10、 _ you _ yourhomeworkyet ? Yes . I _itamomentago . .Did ; do ; finished .Have ; done ; finish

29、ed . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish（） 11、 Hisfather _ thePartysince 1978 . .joined .has joined.was in . has been in（） 12、 Do you know him well ?Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . .were. have been . have become . have made（）13、How long have you_ here ? About two months . .been

30、.e. arrived()14、Hurryup! Theplay _ fortenminutes . .hasbegun.had begun .hasbeenon.began()15、 It_ tenyears sinceheleftthearmy . .is.has .will.was()16、 MissGreenisntintheoffice . she_to the library . .has gone. went .willgoD.hasbeen() 17、Myparents _Shandongfortenyears . . have been in. have be

31、en to . have gone to. havebeen（） 18、The students have cleaned the classroom,?A. so theyB. don t theyC. have theyD. haven t they（） 19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since heto China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived（） 20、 His unclefor more than 9 yea

32、rs.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university过去完成时一【含义】过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是 “过去的过去 ”。 如:He asked if you had written to Peter. 他问你是否给 Peter写信了。二【结构】基本形式 :had + 过去分词。如 :We had reached the top of the hill before midnight.7/12在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。否定

33、形式 :had + not + 过去分词。如 :They hadn t finished the work when we got there.我们到那儿时 ,他们还没有完成工作。一般疑问句形式 :had 提到句首 ,回答用 Yes, 主语 + had. / No, 主语 + hadnt如.: Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗 ? Yes, he had. (No, he hadn 是的,他t.)告诉了。 (不 ,他没有。 ) . 被动语态形式： had + been + 过去分词。如：When I got

34、 there, the windows had been broken.当我到那儿时，窗户已经被打破了。三【用法】用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。如:My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 爸爸问我是否读完那本书了。用在 “after / before / when +过去时态从句 ”或有 “by+过去时间 ”的句子中。如 : Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home.在我回到家前 ,妈妈已经把饭做好了。和由 for 或 since 引导的、表示一段时

35、间的短语或从句连用。如:He had worked in that factory for five years before he moved here.他搬到这儿前已经在那个厂子工作了五年。与一般过去时： 和一般过去时都可指动作发生在过去， 但强调动作相对于过去某一时刻已经完成； 而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间或过去经常性、 习惯性动作， 需要特别注意的是： 当动作附带 yesterday、 last year等过去时间状语时，应用一般过去时态。请区别：By the end of last year, I had visited seven different cities.截止

36、到去年年底，我已经参观过七个不同的城市了。We learned another English song last month.上个月我们学了另一首英文歌曲。与现在完成时： 现在完成时表示动作相对于现在已经完成， 其标准对照时间点为现在； 而表示动作相对于过去某一时刻前已完成，其标准对照时间点为过去。试比较：I have been there twice. 我去过那儿两次。I had been there twice before I went to school.在我上学前，我去过那儿两次。练习从下面各题所给的四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。()1. Did you see Mr. Smith

37、when you were in France? No, when I _ France, he _ to China.A. had arrived, had goneB. arrived to, wentC. got to, had goneD. had got to, would go()2. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party.A. left, had arrivedB. left, arrivedC. had left, had arrivedD. had left, arrived

38、()3. We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year.A. had learnedB. have learnedC. learnedD. will have learned()4. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a gooddrink.A. had enjoyedB. was enjoyingC. has enjoyedD. had been enjoying8/12()5. Cathe

39、rine _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.A. has writtenB. was writtenC. had writtenD. is writing用所给动词的正确形式填空。Mary _ already _(try) the dress on before she bought it.I was surprised to find that all my classmates _(go) to the lab when I _(get) to the classroom.When she _ (finish) her

40、 work in the office, Mrs. Smith left.Mr. Feng _(teach) Unit 16 by the end of last week.Mr. Smith _(live) in Europe for fifteen years before he _(go) to Australia.Key1-5 CDAACII. 1. had; tried2. had gone; got 3. had finished4.had taught5. had lived;完成时态专练He _（ turn）off the light. We can leave now.By

41、the time we got to the cinema, the film _（begin） .She _（finish ） her homework before I left school.My mother _（be） a teacher since 2003.He told us that he（give）the book to his brother.I _（ wash） all the clothes. So I can have a rest.They _（stay）in China for a long time.My father _（arrive） home befor

42、e nine o clock last night.Keyhas turned2. had began 3. had finished4. has been 5. had given6. have washed 7. have stayed 8.had arrived现在完成时与一般过去时专项练习每日一句 God helps those who help themselves.Review单项选择题1.Mother _ me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had made have triedB. madehave triedC. has made triedD. madetried2 “ He _to draw horses already” .“ When _ he ? ” “ Last year“A. learned hasB. learned didC. has learned hasD. has learned did3.Tom _up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there !A. has gotis B. has climbedw