高考英语完形填空解题技巧1

1、2021/3/912021/3/924.4.大多富有大多富有积极的教育意义积极的教育意义，给人以人生，给人以人生的的启迪启迪或是充满了生活情趣；或是充满了生活情趣；2021/3/936考查单词以实词(v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.)为主，虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%，其中又以动、名、形为主。7.以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系，才能正确判断和选择。2021/3/94 没有严格遵循答题步骤没有严格遵循答题步骤: :很多考生一拿到很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急

2、于选择答案，不认真分析完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，通篇文章，单纯求快单纯求快，忽略语篇理解忽略语篇理解，只，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多? ?切记切记: :一定要用一定要用2-32-3分钟时间分钟时间先进行先进行缺词缺词阅读阅读, ,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空手逐个填空. .2021/3/9

3、52. 2. 不注意不注意积累积累答题技巧答题技巧: : a.a.忽略文章忽略文章首句首句的提示作用；的提示作用； b.b.忽略文章中忽略文章中上下文之间的照应上下文之间的照应关系关系; ; c.c.遇到长句不注意遇到长句不注意分析句子结构分析句子结构, ,在在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择选择. .2021/3/96 3 3. .时间安排不当时间安排不当: :在几个选项上在几个选项上过分纠过分纠缠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。的题来不及做。切记切记: :正确的做法是正确的做法是由易到难由易到难，先做会做，先做

4、会做 的，再考虑较难的。的，再考虑较难的。强烈推荐强烈推荐：如尚有几题题目不确定可将某：如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的题的可能的两项填入空格可能的两项填入空格, , 然后快速地整然后快速地整句整段地默读句整段地默读, , 选择某一项习惯或短语或选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的动宾搭配读起来较流畅的. .2021/3/972021/3/98细读文章的第一句话细读文章的第一句话 高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句完整的。该句往往就是主题句（Topic Topic SentenceSentence），这就为我们理解文章的内），这就为

5、我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个在联系提供了一个“窗口窗口”，它的句意，它的句意往往为往往为全文提供中心信息全文提供中心信息，能直接概括，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。全文大意、揭示主题。 充分重视首句的标示作用，利用它为充分重视首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利争取开局胜利。2021/3/99 对于对于叙事，描述类叙事，描述类文章。短文的文章。短文的首句首句，往往点明故事发生的往往点明故事发生的人物人物(who),时间时间（when），地点），地点(where)，和事件，和事件(what)等背景等背景情况。例：情况。例：

6、It was a busy morning，about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital . 2010全国卷（全国卷（I）2021/3/910 对于对于论述文，首句表明了论述的论述文，首句表明了论述的主题主题。起到揭示主题的作用。例如：。起到揭示主题的作用。例如： A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 . . 2010全国卷

7、（全国卷（II）2021/3/911解题方法：解题方法：总的原则总的原则: : “先完意，后完形先完意，后完形”。八字方针：八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。上下求索，瞻前顾后。三步曲：三步曲：读读填填读读2021/3/912三步答题三步答题Step1Skip(跳读跳读) the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence ( (首句首句) ). . It helps us to k

8、now the topic of the whole passage. .( (完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）2021/3/913Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.(在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案的方法选择最佳答案)2021/3/914Four methods(四种常用的方法四种常用的方法)：1、context (上下文语境上下文语境)2、word distinctions

9、or collocations (词语辨析和固定搭配词语辨析和固定搭配)3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息利用文章中的信息-原词复现、近义词和原词复现、近义词和反义词等反义词等)4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常识文化背景和常识)2021/3/915Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查） 2021/3/916 Tips:1. the tense and

10、the voice，the accord between subject and predicate (时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致)2. grammar and collocations (语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)3. the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4. the meaning of the whole passage (整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下整

11、体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理文的衔接是否合理)2021/3/917词汇题词汇题高考完形填空高考完形填空考什么？考什么？篇章结构篇章结构(语境语境) 句际关系句际关系2021/3/9181.复现复现词汇题词汇题2021/3/919 1.( 2010北京卷北京卷)Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 37 . She wanted to know how I thought She believed I had opinions, so I began to .37. A.opinion B.impression C.information D.i

12、ntentionopinions语境语境-原词重现原词重现2021/3/9202. (2010陕西卷）陕西卷） I had some 28 in my pocker, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 29（ only） use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. 28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs语境语境-同义词、近义词复现同义词、近义词复现2021/3/9212021/3/9223

13、. （2010全国全国I) The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area, 37(telling) him it would be at least 40 minutes 38(before) someone would be able to see him . 36 A. breath B. test C. seat D. break语境语境-固定搭配固定搭配take a 362021/3/923 3. 3.根据词汇的根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义意义及用法辨析词义2021/3/924 4.(2010江苏卷江苏卷) My father 36 m

14、e to her with these words:“I would like you to meet the fellow who is 36.A.rushed B.sent C.carried D.introduced 5.(2010全国全国I）The happiest people dont 53(necessarily ) have the best of everything；they just 54 the best of everything they have . 54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try语境语境-词义辨析词义辨析36 me tojust

15、 54 the best of语境语境-词义辨析词义辨析2021/3/925 4. 4.根据生活常识根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行选择及文化背景知识进行选择2021/3/9266. I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Cassie. 39 the butter-cream gave me an idea. A. Spreading B. Boiling C. Baking D. Holding生活常识生活常识2021/3/9271.1.语法手段语法手段2.2.逻辑手段逻辑手段句际关系句际关系1.1.语法手段语法手段2021/3

16、/9288.（2010 陕西卷）陕西卷） I then 32（realized ） I had no right to place myself above 33 just because he was busking. 33. A. it B. all C. him D. them语法语法-指代指代2021/3/9299.（2010天津卷）天津卷） “ As a policeman,I saw 27 there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 28(impact) on the kids. ” 2

17、7. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether 语法语法-句型句型2021/3/930 逻辑手段逻辑手段2.2.逻辑手段逻辑手段让步关系让步关系转折关系转折关系因果关系因果关系解释关系解释关系顺序关系顺序关系并列关系并列关系2021/3/931 10.（2010江苏卷江苏卷) Then she looked at my father and replied,“You are 40(wrong). This is not the worst boy at all, 41 the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet（释

18、放的途径）（释放的途径）for his enthusiasm.” 41. A.but B.so C.and D.or语境语境-转折关系、搭配转折关系、搭配 the smartest2021/3/932 11.（2010湖南卷湖南卷) Bean is a white dog, quite handsome and very 38 . 38. A. smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy语境语境-同类并列关系同类并列关系2021/3/933 12.（2010安徽卷安徽卷) First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand,

19、 . Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen should make a thick, dark line. 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally语境语境-顺序关系顺序关系2021/3/934小结：完型填空考查内容小结：完型填空考查内容 原词复现原词复现同义同义.近义复近义复现现 指指 代代 句句 型型 并列关系并列关系 转折关系转折关系 让步关让步关系系 解释关系解释关系语法项目语法项目 顺序关系顺序关系 因果关系因果关系词汇手段词汇手段语法手段语法手段逻辑手段逻辑手段

20、语篇信息语篇信息（语境理解）（语境理解）2021/3/935Problem solving strategies注意注意上下文语境上下文语境（context)了解常识背景了解常识背景（common sense）掌握习惯搭配掌握习惯搭配（phrases & idioms）运用词义辨析运用词义辨析 （comparison）运用语法分析运用语法分析（grammar analysis)运用逻辑分析运用逻辑分析 (logical analysis )运用排除法运用排除法 （exclusive method ）解题过程中应做到解题过程中应做到2021/3/936实实 战战 演演 练练2021/3/937

21、Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarrel. 细读首句，找出相关信息细读首句，找出相关信息1.叙事文叙事文 故事发生的故事发生的时间，人物、时间，人物、事件等背景事件等背景情况。情况。2021/3/938Key to the cloze test 41-45: DCCDB 36-40: DACBA46-50: ACBAD51-55: DDCBA2021/3/939 Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarrel. Green said, Clear

22、ly I am the most important. I am the sign of life and hope. I was chosen for grass, trees and leaves. Without me, all animals would 36 . Blue interrupted, You only think about the 37 , but consider the sky and the sea. 38 the water that is the basis of life and drawn up by the clouds from the deep s

23、eaWithout my peace, you would all be 39 . Yellow chuckled （笑道）（笑道）, You are all so serious. I bring laughter, fun, and _40_ into the world 36.A.stay B.leave C.go out D.die 37. A.earth B.moon C.star D.sun 38A.That is B.I am C.It is D.This is 39A.anything B.nothing C.something D.Everything40A.warmth B

24、.sadness C.depression D.anxiety语境语境-词义词义语境语境-转折转折.对比对比.排除排除语法语法-强调句强调句语境语境-词义词义语境语境-同类并列同类并列2021/3/940 Orange started next to blow her trumpet, I am the color of health and strength. I may be 41 , but I am precious for I serve the needs of human life. When I fill the sky 42 , my beauty is so strikin

25、g that no one gives another 43 to any of you.” Red could stand it 44 and he shouted out, I am the ruler of all of you. I am the color of danger and of bravery. I am willing to 45 truth. I am also the color of passion and of love.41.A.usual B.normal C.common D.scarce42A.at midnight B.at noon or at ni

26、ght C.at sunrise or sunset D.during the day 43A.gift B.honor C.thought D.respect 44A.for more B.any more C.very much D.no longer45A.turn to B.fight for C.help with D.bend over语境语境-转折对比转折对比语境语境-常识常识语境语境-搭配搭配语境语境-搭配搭配语境语境-词义词义gives another43 tocould stand it 442021/3/941 Then came Purple and Indigo （深

27、蓝）（深蓝）. The colors went on boasting, each convinced of his or her own _46_. Their quarreling became louder and louder. Suddenly there was a startling flash of bright lightening thunder. Rain started to pour down _47_. The colors crouched(蜷缩蜷缩) down _48_, drawing close to one another for comfort. In the midst of the clamor （叫（叫嚷）嚷）, rain began to speak, “You foolish colors, fighting 49 yourselves, each trying to dominate（支配）（支配） 50 . 46A.superiority B.disadvantages C.inferi