2017初一英语名词讲解及练习

1、名词一、名词分类：名词分为 普通名词 和专有名词普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如 boy, house, insect, tiger等；物质名词，如 air, snow, bread, rice 等； 抽象名词，如 glory, honesty, failure, education 等。专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如 Cheng Du, China, Obama, China Central Television 等。名词的两大考点：数与格二、名词的数1 .普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词（1）可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词个体名词：表示个

2、体的人或事物名称的词。如： teacher, student, boy, book, bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。A.单数表示个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加a或an。如 a book （一本书）、an apple （一个苹果）、an orange （一个橘子）等。B.复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pencils （两枝铅笔）、three weeks （三周）等。 集合名词： 表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people, family, class, furniture复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。规则名词复数形式的构成

3、同形复数形式的构成方法例词大多数名词在词尾加-s。（在清辅首后读s,在浊辅首 及兀首后读z。）cat catsbook-booksdog-dogs bag bagsboy- boys以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词在词尾加-es,读作iz。glass glasses match matches以辅苜子母+y结 尾的名词把y变成i,加-es,读作izcitycities但专启名词例外，直接在 y后加-s,读作zCanadianCanadiansAmericanAmericans以辅音字母 +o结 尾的名词一般直接加-es读作z;tomatotomatoespotatopotatoes某些词例外

4、，加-skilo-kilos, piano pianos, photo photos以兀音字母+o结尾 的名词直接加-s,但读作zzoo zoosradioradios以f或fe结尾的名 词有的直接加 -s,读作zroof roofs大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es读作zleafleaveswifewivesknife knives yourself-yourselves不规则名词复数形式的构成复数形式的构成特点例词通过改变词内元音字母manmen footfeettoothteeth mouse mice （老鼠）通过在词尾加-en或-renoxoxen （牛） childchildre

5、n单复数形式相同a sheeptwo sheepa deer two deer （鹿）a Chinese two Chinese （中国人）注意事项：只能用于复数形式的名词有：clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks单数名词用于复数含义 ：people, public, police特殊名词的讲解：(1)people作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。There .are five people in my family. 我家有五 口人。There are fifty-six peoples i

6、n our country.我们国家有56个民族。clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。例： My favorite clothes are pants.pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。例： Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is_mine.集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数；指成员时，谓语用复数。His family is a large family. 指整体

7、His family like animals. 指成员有的名词单复数意思不同：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类,paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作 works作品，工厂,glass 玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜,orange桔子水 oranges橙子，light光线lights灯，people人peoples民族，time时间times时代,次数，chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡例：hair和fruit通常作单数，表示总体。My hair is black.我的头发是黑色的。I like fruit .It' s goodfo的ou果，水果对你的身体有好

8、处。但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits.他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。Exercise:)在后面力口 s。 如：cat-cats bag-bags day-days fathers, books, Americans1、 Some are flying kites near the river.A. childB. boyC. boysD. childs二）x, sh, ch, s, tch 后力口 es。女口： class- c

9、lasses match-matches boxboxes dish dishes boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes1. There are many（fox） in the picture.2. The has two.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch三）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, story-stories1. Their（dictionar

10、y） look new.以元音字母加y结尾的直接加so （元音是字母a,e,i,o,u）如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以。结尾（没有生命的）加s （外来词）。如： photos, zoos ,pianos, radios,（有生命的）力口 es：如：tomatoes 西红柿，potatoes 马铃薯 1、We need some more. Can you go and get some, please?A. potatoB. potatosC. potatoes D.potatoe2. There are lots of in

11、 the basket on the table.A. tomatosB. tomatoC. tomatoesD. tomatoss3. Let's take（photo）, OK?4. I have lots of（tomato） here.五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves1、Please remember to give the horse some tree.A. leafsB. leavesC. l

12、eafD.leave2、Twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accident.A.person;life B.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;life3. The（leaf） on the tree turn-yellow.六） 单复数相同（不变的） 有： fish, sheep, deer鹿子,Chinese, Japanese, Germen1、-Are there any on the farm?-Yes, there are some.A. horseB. duckC. chickenD. sh

13、eep2、There are a lot of down there but hardly any.A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples3. Can you see nine in the picture?A. sheepB. dogC. pigD. horse4. There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, GermenB. Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese, GermansD. Japaneses, Germ

14、ans5. How many（sheep） are there on the hill?七） 般只有复数， 没有单数的有：people, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks1. There are five（people ） in his family.2、There are a lot of down there but hardly any.A. sheeps, peopleB.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples3、Twelve were hurt, but no w

15、ere lost in that accident.A.person;life B.people;lives C.peoples;lives D.persons;life八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察，class班，同学，family家，家庭成员 九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, Looker-on Lookers-onabout the accident.C. standers-byD. standers-bys1、The police investigated thoseA

16、. stander-byB. stander-bys但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。1、All the如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachersin the hospital got a rise last month.a.women doctors c.woman doctorsb. women doctord.woman doctorwould come to the village.A.woman-doctorsB.women doctorC.women doctorsD.woman doc

17、tors3. They are(woman) doctors.十) 特殊形式的有：man-men, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmenwoman-women, child-children, foot-feet, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth1、OneA. toothof Mike ' s was hurt in the accident yesterday.B.feetC.handD.ear2、The little baby has two already.A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. te

18、eths3. The cat caught twoA. mouses last night.B. miceC. mouseD. mices4. The JapaneseA. womanwill not leave China until she finishes her study.B. womenC. manD. men5. The boy often brushes hisA. toothB. toothsbefore he goes to bed.C. teethD. teeths6. The deer has four.A. footB. feetC. feetsD. foots7.

19、The baby has only two(tooth) now.(2)不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词物质名词:表示无法分为个体的名词。如： coffee, hair, juice, water, rice抽象名词:表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如:health, happiness, help可数名词不可数名词注意事项：1 .不可数名词没有复数变化，不能与a/an或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little 等词。如 ;some water/ apple juice/ milk2 .当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数，+量词

20、+Of+名词 来表述。用量词修饰时，首先要注意量词的单复数;然后要注意名词是否可数，不可数时用单数，可数时用复数，如：one bag of rice.one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice .ten kilos of apples.Exercise:1、They are thirsty. Will you please give them?A. some bottles of watersB. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of waterD. some bottle of waters2、There is some o

21、n the plate（盘子）.A. cakesB. meatC. potatoD. pears3、Please pass me.A. two glass of waterB. two glasses of watersC. two glasses of waterD. two glass water4、This table is made of.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D.glass5、 Mr. Smith always has to tell us.A. some good pieces of newsB. some pieces

22、of good newsC. some good piece of newsD. some piece of good news6、Generally there are television programs for children on Saturday.A.littleB. muchC.a large number ofD.a large amount of对量词的提问句型对可数名词的数量提问用how many;对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much ,但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如：I would like two apples. f How

23、 many apples would you like?I want some bread. f How much bread do you want?I want three glasses of water.How many glasses of water do you want ? 询问价格用 How much , 如：How much is the coat? How much are the coats?二.名词的所有格所有格的构成：1.有生命的名词2.无生命的名词有生命的名词（1） 一般单数名词后加's.如： my brother's book, Jack'

24、;s cat, the girl's pen（2）以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加如：the girls' dormitory , a teachers' college 注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加's.如：women's clothes.（3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加's,如： Tom and Peter's room汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）（4）如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加's.如：Tom's and Peter's rooms汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）无

25、生命名词：无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of珞词”的结构来表示。如：the windows of the room（房间的窗户）a picture of the horse（一张马的照片）写出下列名词的复数形式：名词习题1. house 4. orange 7. brush 10. city 13. class 16. dictionary 19. match 22. German 25. kilo 28. Chinese 31. leaf 34. tooth 37. knife 40. child 2. it 5. bag 8. family 11. box 14. factory 17.

26、watch 20. man 23. tomato 26. human 29. shelf 32. American 35. wife 38. sheep 41.tooth 3. zoo 6. exercise 9. bus 12. baby 15. glass 18. woman 21. this24. policeman 27. potato 30. Japanese 33. life 36. foot 39. half 42.mouth二选择填空：1. I want to buy A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of ink C. two bottle

27、 of inksD. two bottles of inks2. They don t have to_d_otoday.A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework3. There are three and seven in the picture.A. cows, sheepsB. cows, sheepC. cow, sheepD. much homeworksD. cow, sheeps4. June 1 is .A. children s day B. children 5. room is next to their pa

28、rentsA. Kate s and Joan sB. Kate 6. Miss Green is a friend of .A. Mary s mother s B. Mary 7. Sheep white and milk A. is, areB. are, is8. I ikde lto have a glass of milk and _ A. two breadsC. two pieces of breads Day C. Children s DayD. Children s days and Joan C. Kate and Joanmother C. Mary mother a

29、lso white.C. is, issD. Kate and JoanD. mother s of MaryD. are, areB. two pieces of breadsD. two piece of bread9. Many _A. womanare singing over there.B. womenC. girlD. child10. He bought .A. two pairs of shoesC. two pairs of shoe11. Mr. White has three .A. childB. childrenB. two pair of shoes D. two

30、 pair of shoeC. childsD. childrens12. -Are these ? - No, they arenA.sheep, cows B. sheep, cowt. They re C. sheeps, cow13. There are many in the fridge.A. fishB. fruitC. eggs14. - Whose room is this? - It s .A. Li MingB. Li Ming sC. Li Mings15. Here are for you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoes16. Here

31、 are some birthday cards with our bestC. three tomatos for her.D. sheeps, cowsD. breadD. Li Mings D. some tomatoA. wishB. hopeC. wishesD. hopes17. I always go to thatA. shopto buy food on Sunday.B. parkC. zooD. garden18.room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and Lily's C. Lucy ' s

32、and LilyD. Lucy ' s alnidy '19. Mum, I ' m quite thirsty. Please give meA. two orangeB. two bottle of orangesC. two bottles of orange20. 10. The cat caught twoD. two bottles of orangesA. mousesB. micelast night.C. mouseD. mices21. I met somein the park and talked with them the other day.

33、A.Janpaneses22. There are twoB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. EnglishA. shelf23. There are sevenA. years24. My father is aA. teacherin the room.B. shelfsC. shelfesD. shelvesin a week.B. monthsC. daysD. minutes.He works in a hospital.B. doctorC. farmerD. writer25. - Excuse me, are you? - Yes, Im fromA. Japan

34、, Japanese B. China, ChineseC. England, English26. They arejackets.27. What color iscoat.A. LucyA. Peter ' sD. American, AmericaB. Lucy 'B. Peter '28. These arebooks.A. teachersB. teachers '29. They areice creamsA. children 'B. children ' s30. This isbag.A. Tom and PeterB.Tom

35、' s and Peter31. Where areA. the schools studentsB. students ofthe school32. Those arebags.A. driversB. drivers '33.This bag isA.Mary' s and Tom ' s B. Mary and Tom34.A. Mary ' 35.Howfathers are coming.s and Kate 'BsMary are these books? A.'s and Kate C. Mary and Kate many B. much36. This pair of pantsblue. I likevery much.A. is, itB. are, themC. is, themD. are, it37.Howglasses of water do you want?A. manyB. much38. This isA. Mike and Jim's bikeB. Mike's and Ji