毕业论文格式要求--示例说明1(含封面、前五页、正文)

1、论文中，英文用Times New Roman字体，汉语用宋体，行距1.5倍。本页皆居中。Strategies and Skills for Promoting Listening Competence居中，Times New Roman三号，黑正体。如有副标题，用冒号将主、副标题隔开。题目中实词的首字母大写，虚词除三个音节以上的单词外都小写。以下Times New Roman小三号，斜体。A ThesisSubmitted for Obtaining the B.A. Degree from School of Foreign Languages, Hubei University of Ch

2、inese MedicineByZhang SanSupervisedByA/Prof. Deng Yali May 26, 2012I居中，Times New Roman，三号，正体。Signature首行右缩4字符，Times New Roman小四号，题目名用斜体，其它正体，行距1.5倍，两端对齐。The thesis Strategies and Skills for Promoting Listening Competence by Zhang San was reviewed and approved by A/Prof. Deng Yali on May 26, 2012.Sup

3、ervisor_(Signature)Acknowledgements此部分只是一个范本但切忌千篇一律！首行右缩4字符，Times New Roman，小四号正体，行距1.5倍，两端对齐。居中，Times New Roman，三号，正体。The paper was completed on May 26, 2012, and many people have helped with it. Here I would particularly like to acknowledge my respectable supervisor, A/Prof. Deng Yali, for the val

4、uable advice that she has given to me in the writing of this paper, in addition to what she has taught in her class on how to prepare and write the paper. I also want to acknowledge the teachers in Foreign Languages and Literature Department of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine who ha

5、ve provided me with rich information and given me great encouragement. Besides, my friends should also be acknowledged for their kind and generous help. 需要原创、真实性的致谢，不能照搬上述范文！英文摘要首行顶格，Times New Roman五号正体，行距1.5倍，两端对齐。Abstract: A number of people have frequently made the point that the total time and i

6、ndividual engagement in communication; approximately 9% of which is devoted to writing, 16%to reading,.Key words: promoting English listening; strategies; skillsAbstract和Key words黑体，五号正体。关键词应是3至5个名词，分号隔开。中文摘要首行顶格，宋体，五号字，行距1.5倍，两端对齐。摘要：据统计，听、说、读、写在人们的语言使用中各占的时间比重一般是听45%，说30%，读16%，写9%，。关键词: 英语听力的提高；策略

7、；技巧“摘要”和“关键词”黑体，五号正体。关键词应是3至5个名词，分号隔开。居中，Times New Roman，三号，正体。前三项与后面正文的目录间隔两行。Contents目录自动生成，其生成步骤：1、在正文中对各级标题根据级别设置章节目录：先选定一个标题，然后在“样式”中选定相应级别的“标题”。2、在目录页选定位置上生成论文目录：在“插入”中选“索引和目录”，再在其中选“目录”后确定即可。（注意：1、目录中的“Abstract” 和 “Acknowledgements”需要手工填写。2、如果生成的目录中的字体、字号等跟规定不符，只要将所有目录项目选中后作相应调整即可。）Acknowledg

8、ementsIAbstract in EnglishII Abstract in Chinese.III1.0 Introduction12.0 Literature Review23.0 Listening Comprehension Process23.1 The Stage of the Language Receiving33.2 The Stage of Comprehension33.3 The Stage of General Cognition34.0 Characteristics of the Listening Process34.1 Spontaneity34.2 Co

9、ntext44.3 Visual Clues44.4 Listeners Response44.5 Speakers Adjustment45.0 Common Listening Barriers45.1 Low Speed45.2 Shortage of Imagination and Ability45.3. Not Seizing the Main Points45.4 Lack of Background Information45.5 Lack of Coherent Remembering Ability46.0 The Ways to Improve College Engli

10、sh Listening46.1 Pronunciation56.2. Vocabulary56.3. Background Knowledge56.4 Notes56.5. Multi-media56.5.1 Issues about Traditional Listening Educational Model56.5.2 The Use of Modern Teaching Equipment56.5.3 Practice57.0 The Ways to Improve Your Listening Skills and Ability57.1. Listening67.1.1 List

11、en-really Listen-to One Person for One Day.67.1.2 Create a Receptive Listening Environment.67.1.3 Dont Talk When Im Interrupting.67.1.4 Dont Overdo It.67.1.5 Practice Mind-mapping.67.1.6 Be Alert to Your Body Language67.1.7 Abstain From Judging67.1.8 Listen With Empathy67.1.9 Be Sensitive to Emotion

12、al Deaf Spots67.1.10 Create and Use an Active-listening Attitude67.2 Speaking67.3 Reading77.4 Writing77.5 Tips for Being a Good Listener77.5.1 Pay Attention77.5.2 Show That You Are Listening77.5.3 Provide Feedback77.5.4 Defer Judgment77.5.5 Respond Appropriately78.0 Conclusion7Bibliography8Appendice

13、s10注意：1、目录的页码和正文分开的方法是：1) 在目录后面插入一个“分节符（下一页）”，例如在目录部分通过“插入页码格式，设置页码格式为I、II、III”，确定。2) 在正文部分：插入页码 格式设置格式为“1、2、3”，记得将下面的“续前节”改为“起始页码”输入数 字 1 即可。2、如果自动生成的目录部分都是大写字母，请全选整个目录，按右键，把“字体”栏目下的“小型大写字母”取消，然后把字体改为Times New Roman即可。3、Appendices可根据论文的需要取舍。6 标题左顶格，Times New Roman四号字，黑体正体。一级标题与段后间距1.5倍（下同）。正文排版两端对齐

14、。各级标题序号如1.0与后面的标题要点间空两格,中间无标点。以下同。1.0 IntroductionWith the numerous countries entry into WTO, the future world economy will realize the integration, and this also requests the language integration, namely in the worldwide scale, so an international language is needed, and English is such a kind of l

15、anguage. It is hard to improve ones English listening comprehension, though according to the foreign language study, 45% information is obtained from listening, 30% from speaking, 16% from reading, and 9% from writing. These data show that English listening plays an important role in English learnin

16、g. Moreover, the author knows from the investigation and study that many people already begin to use modern teaching device such as the broadcast, television, radio, cassette player, VCD, computer and other multimedia tools to train their listening ability. It is difficult to learn English listening

17、 for many students. 注意：所有一级标题用四号黑体; 一级标题与前段之间空一行，与后段间距1.5倍行距； 所有二级及以下标题用小四号（不黑体），与前段间距1.5行距; 所有正文内容用五号; 英文用Times New Roman，中文用宋体； 正文行距为1.5倍; 内注格式一般为(姓氏，年份：页码)。引言前若指出了作者，内注只需列出（时间：页码）。标点符号一定要用英文状态下的双引号，英文内容中其它标点也必须用英文状态下的相应符号。内注格式：(姓氏，年份：页码)。如果引用的是古代人的话，如孔子等，但编书的作者（或译者）是另一个人，如张先生等，内注中的时间为参阅版本的出版时间和页码

18、，如（张先生，1986：28），但后面的参考文献一般列为：原说话人+编者（译者）+书名（作品名）+文献标注+出版社地（期刊名及刊号）+出版时间+参考页码各级标题中实词和虚词三个音节以上的首字母大写。2.0 Literature Review3.0 Listening Comprehension Process内注格式：(姓氏，年份：页码)。二级以下标题与前段间距也为1.5倍行距左边距后缩2个字（下同）。Listening is a kind of complicated process, as Wallace (1992: 37-38) proposes, “it is not just a

19、question of interpreting the description of facts, phenomena, or behavior but of being aware of a range of different attitudes to them, even if we do not personally share those attitudes”. During listening, “each source of information contributing to a comprehensive reconstruction of the meaning of

20、the text” (Eskey, 1988:94). That is,.3.1 The Stage of the Language ReceivingThe stage of the language receiving is the first step of the listening comprehension. In this stage, listeners mainly identify some characters from objective languages pronunciation, syntax and meaning of a word, and then re

21、ceive as well as analyze this information. For example, .3.2 The Stage of Comprehension Comprehension is a complicated and multi-gradation process. It is not only a process that distinguishes pronunciation, word and sentence to comprehend the whole article, but also a process requests the coherence

22、in the beginning and the ending, think over and over again, and a deep understand. In this stage,.3.3 The Stage of General CognitionThe main task of this stage is to analyze, choose and arrange the information that heard and kept in the short-term memory, and then keep in the long-term memory, for a

23、ccumulating the knowledge in listening channel. At this time, because the listeners capacity of 4.0 Characteristics of the Listening ProcessFrom the previous section the listeners have seen that there is a great variety of situations where they need to listen to English. It is important to understan

24、d the characteristics or processes behind these listening situations so that the teachers can design appropriate activities to students develop effective listening strategies.Generally speaking, listening in real life has five characteristics, that is, Spontaneity, Context, Visual Clues, Listeners R

25、esponse and Speakers Adjustment. (Ur,1984:21-34)4.1 SpontaneityWhile some of the things that the listeners listen to be rehearsed, e.g. radio news, television news and shows, movies, theater, and some formal lectures,.4.2 ContextBoth the listener and the speaker in real life usually know the context

26、 of listening. In other words, .4.3 Visual CluesThe listeners can frequently see the person whom they are listening to. This means 4.4 Listeners ResponseMost of the listening in daily life allows the listener to respond to the speaker, such as.4.5 Speakers AdjustmentIn most cases, the speaker is tal

27、king directly to the listener, so he or she can adjust the way of .5.0 Common Listening BarriersListening as an important comprehensive skill is being paid attention to and grasped by more and more people. Simultaneously people deeply feel the difficulty in grasping this skill. According to investig

28、ation and research, the author discovered that the listener's difficulty mainly displayed in the following several aspects:5.1 Low SpeedThe author frequently hears that listeners complain about the listening speed excessively fast, the information flashed and 5.2 Shortage of Imagination and Abil

29、ityMajority listeners try their best to understand the whole article word by word, as soon as students meet difficulties in one word, .5.3. Not Seizing the Main PointsAs if some listener understood each sentence, but cannot speak out the real meaning of the whole text, because they are not good at g

30、aining the main points and .5.4 Lack of Background InformationWe often discover that when listener hear some familiar materials, it is easy for them to 5.5 Lack of Coherent Remembering AbilityThe listener can understand the word meaning, but cannot remember the contents after listening, when they li

31、sten to the following contents and then they forget the former contents, 6.0 The Ways to Improve College English ListeningIn a word, listening is the synthesis application ability of pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary.6.1 PronunciationEspecial the first step of listening comprehension is that acc

32、epts pronunciation information, therefore 引文来源：(姓氏and姓氏，年份：页码)At the same time, article, some pronoun, auxiliary, conjunction and some prepositions are generally not stressed in sentence from the spoken language grammar. A research indicates that there are 19 common words are weak-read on 90% occasi

33、ons in continuity conversation, such as: at, of, the, to, as, and, or, a, his, an, but, been, for, her, we, he, shall, was, them and so on（Dick and Baley,1991:21-26）.6.2. VocabularyObviously, to associate and infer positively through the word meaning is more advantageous in comprehending the real co

34、nnotation.6.3. Background KnowledgeEveryone can discover frequently, when listeners are familiar with background material, the listeners can understand it easily. On the contrary, regarding oneself non-familiar or completely strange content, achieving the similar degree is more 6.4 NotesThis is a ta

35、sk that requires the listener to take notes while listening. Usually, it is done with a guide of a table with heading given. 6.5. Multi-media6.5.1 Issues about Traditional Listening Educational ModelOver a long time, listen to the recording material - check the answer - listen to the recording mater

36、ial again. 6.5.2 The Use of Modern Teaching EquipmentPutting multimedia and electrical audio-visual equipment to use is an important way to reform teaching method and realize teachings modernization.6.5.3 PracticeListening is a skill requiring a lot of practice. It is right that paying attention to

37、listening skill, but once the skill separates from the practice, it just "be an armchair strategist". .7.0 The Ways to Improve Your Listening Skills and AbilityThe purpose of middle school English teaching is to improve the students' four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writ

38、ing, But this is not the final purpose. The final purpose is to lot let students be able to use the language.7.1. ListeningThe teachers often speak of the four skills- listening, speaking, reading and writing. 7.1.1 Listen-really Listen-to One Person for One Day. Choose one person you could relate t

39、o better. Commit to listening to them-not just hearing them-for one day. .7.1.2 Create a Receptive Listening Environment. Turn off the TV. Hold your calls. Put away your spread sheets and silence your computer. .7.1.3 Dont Talk When Im Interrupting. If someone else is interrupting, avoid the temptat

40、ion to reply in kind. It'll just raise the . 7.1.4 Dont Overdo It. Sometimes newcomers to the skill of listening can get carried away. They know they're supposed to have eye contact, . 7.1.5 Practice Mind-mapping. An excellent method for note taking is mind-mapping. . 7.1.6 Be Alert to Your

41、Body Language What you do with your eyes, face, hands, arms, legs, and posture sends out signals as to . 7.1.7 Abstain From Judging As someone once advised, Grow antennae, not horns. If you prejudge someone as shallow or .7.1.8 Listen With Empathy No matter how outrageous, inconsiderate, false, self

42、-centered, or pompous the person . 7.1.9 Be Sensitive to Emotional Deaf Spots Deaf spots are words that make your mind wander or go off on a mental tangent. They.7.1.10 Create and Use an Active-listening Attitude Learning to be an active listener is like learning to be an active jogger. It takes eff

43、ort. .7.2 SpeakingSpeaking can't be taught separately. It is often connected with listening. So we often speak of listening and speaking.7.3 ReadingReading is an important way of gaining information in foreign language learning,7.4 WritingWriting is one way of providing variety in classroom proc

44、edures. It provides a student with7.5 Tips for Being a Good Listener7.5.1 Pay Attention Give the speaker your undivided attention and acknowledge the message. Recognize that . 7.5.2 Show That You Are ListeningUse your own body language and gestures to convey your attention.7.5.3 Provide Feedback Our

45、 personal filters, assumptions, judgments, and beliefs can distort what we hear. .7.5.4 Defer Judgment Interrupting is a waste of time. It frustrates the speaker and limits full understanding of the message. . 7.5.5 Respond Appropriately Active listening is a model for respect and understanding. You

46、 are gaining information and.8.0 ConclusionIn brief, listening comprehension not only requests the listeners to have good language knowledge and non-language skill, but also needs the listener to transfer each language factor and the non-language factor as far as possible, such as pronunciation, syn

47、tax, word meaning, background knowledge, listening skill, individual experience and so on, of course, .参考文献另起一页。顶格Times New Roman，四号黑体，多倍行距1.25个值。英文书名、期刊名斜体。单作者时，先姓（全写）后名（缩写）。名也可全写，但前要保持后一致。需标明“文献类别，出版城市名，出版社、出版时间、页码”标点符号用英文状态下的标点符号。英文文献在前，中文文献随后。英文按姓氏的字母顺序、中文按拼音首字母顺序排列。Bibliography:1 序号与姓氏间空两格，第二行及下与第一行左对齐。Brown, D. Teaching by Principle: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy M. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2000: 27-29.英文期刊名斜体，文章名不斜体，期刊需标明“年份(第几期)：起止页码”。2 Con