高精度的车身检具--三坐标测量机外文翻译

1、Thehighaccuracyautomobilebodyexamineshas-ThreecoordinatesmeasuringenginesTheautomobilebodyexaminationisintheautomobileindustryaboutthesparepartexaminationimportantpart,thisexaminationdirectlyisrelatingtheentirevehicleoutwardappearanceandthequalityThreecoordinatesmeasuringenginesgenerallyhavethehigha

2、ccuracy,thehighvelocity,theverygoodflexibility,theverystrongdataprocessingandadaptthesceneenvironmentability,isinparticularrichthesoftwarefunctionwhich,unceasinglyexpands,atpresentmoreandmoreapplicationsinautomobilebodyexamination.TheautomobilebodyexaminescharacteristicAutomobilebodyinprocessingandi

3、ncraftassemblyprocess,becauseeachkindofhostobjectivefactorcanhavevariouserror,besidesoperatoritselfskillandexperienceandsoonsubjectivefactorinfluence,butalsohassomebecausexaminationmethoditselfcreatesinfluence.Sometwokindofquitetypicalsituations:First,theautomobilebodyanditscompositioneachkindofspar

4、epartmostlyfortheplatework,theworkpiecerigidityisgenerallyworse,Alsoonautomobilebodysurfaceeachkindofholeandtherelativesizearebeenattheearthgravityinfluencethestrainedcondition,iftheusetraditionsurveywayandthejigmethodoftenareunabletothiskindofnaturedistortiontosurveyandtheappraisal,evenifsurveyanda

5、ppraisal,alsocanappearabiggerdeviation.Itstwo,theautomobilebodyisthemulti-kindsofworkinafactoryjobassemblysystem,isverydifficultavoidswhenthesingleunitexaminationtohavethedeviation.Inviewofthefactthattheabovereason,therequestwhichexaminestotheautomobilebodymainlyhas:Locatesreasonably;Theholeexaminat

6、ioncontainstwocontents:Aperturesize,holeposition;Contourinspection:Becausethiskindofcomponentsoutlinegenerallyassumesthefreecurvedsurface,notcharacteristicandsoonrule,needstoadoptthemanykindsofwaysaccordingtothespecialdetails;Drawsalinethewayinspectionworkpieceoutline,thesituationissimilarwiththeins

7、pectionhole;Treatsmeasuredthecomponentsneedtoclamp.Thetraditionexamineshasgenerallyonlyaimsataparameterexamination,aremanyisthemanualoperation,theworkingefficiencyisnothigh.Moreover,thetraditionexamineshasandtheexaminationhasmanyinsufficiencieswiththejig,doesnothavemonitorsontheproductionlinetomovet

8、hesituationability,thereforeintheautomobilebodyandsooninthelarge-scaleweldmentexaminationandthesurveyapplication,thetraditionexamineshashasgraduallylostthedominantposition,displacesisthehighaccuracythreecoordinatesmeasuringengine.Threecoordinatesmeasuringenginesinautomobilebodyexaminationapplication

9、Threecoordinatesmeasuringenginesarethroughpokeheadinthesystemandtheworkpiecerelativemigration,surveystheworkpiecetableflourdimsumthreedimensionalcoordinatesthemeasurementsystem.Besidesthemeasuringenginemainbodypart,thesystemalsoincludesthetransportation,theattireclampsandsoontoassistthelink,andmusti

10、nsurveysoftwareunderthecoordinationtobeabletocompletetherequestthesurveyduty.Threecoordinatesmeasuringenginesgenerallyhavethehighaccuracy,thehighvelocity,theverygoodflexibility,theverystrongdataprocessingandadaptthesceneenvironmentability,isinparticularrichthesoftwarefunctionwhich,unceasinglyexpands

11、,alltheseenabledCMMtoplaytheincreasinglymajorroleintheautomobilebodyqualitycontrol.Especiallyintodaypassengervehicleproductionworkshop,threecoordinatesmeasuringengineshasusedontheproductionline,butisnottheuseinisfarawaythescenethesurveyin.Inthepressingpartproductionworkshop,usestheproportionwhichthr

12、eecoordinatesmeasuringenginesexaminestocrossonehalf,somelarge-scalecomplexworkpiecesareexaminedtheproportiontobehigher.Theweldmentcertainlyisnoteachkindallneedstocarryontheexamination,butinmustreceivetheseautomobilebodieswhichcontrolsalwaystobecome,usesthreecoordinatesmeasuringenginestocarryontheins

13、pectiontheproportioneventoachieve2/3.Usesinthreecoordinatemeasurementsystemwhichintheproductionprocessexaminestobecomethetechnologicalprocessinfactaconstituent.ThreecoordinatesmeasuringenginestypeandcharacteristicAtpresent,intheworldprovidesthespecializedexaminationplanfortheautomobileprofessionauto

14、mobilebodyexaminationthemostwell-knownfactoryfamilybelongingstobeItalianDEACorporation,andinimpetusautomobilebodyresearchandwhiteautomobilebodythesizeexaminationaspecthasmadetheprominentcontribution.Theapplicationcharacteristicexamineswhichinviewoftheautomobilebody,DEAdevelopedadaptedtheautomobileto

15、examineeachlinkeachkindofdesign,addedaimsatthesoftwarefunctionwhichtheplateworkcharacteristicestablished,Canfortheautomobilebodydevelopment,thetrialmanufacturing,thepart/sub-assembly/alwaysbecometheexamination,theon-lineexaminationaswellasthequalitycontrolprovidesthesafeguard.Thecommonlyusedthreecoo

16、rdinatesmeasuringenginemainlyhasthehorizontalarmmeasuringengine,thebasculebridgetypemeasuringengineandfixestheDragonGatemeasuringengine.Horizontalarmmeasuringenginedividesthedoublehorizontalarmandthelisthorizontalarmtwokinds,mainlyusesintotheautomobilebodyandthelarge-scaleplateworksurvey,alsoobserva

17、blecentersmall.Thebasculebridgetypemeasuringengineprecisionishigher,mainlyusesintotheshapecomplexthinwallworkpiece,Speciallyissuitabletoisproducingthescenecarriesontheon-linesurveytothemiddleandsmallscalepressingpartandtheweldment.FixestheDragonGatemeasuringenginetheprecisiontobehigherthanthehorizon

18、talarmmeasuringengine,mainlyusesinliketheaviation,theautomobileandsoonthetallandslendersurvey.Theexaminationusestheflexiblejigaccordingtosurveystherequest,formulateseachkindoflocalizationandclampstheplan,meetsmustmanufacturesomejigs,thenaccordingtotheexistingplan,inthreecoordinatesmeasuringengineswo

19、rkfloor,locatestheseandtheclampbuilds,establishesbehindthesurveycoordinatesysteminthisfoundationtobepossibletosurvey.Thistraditionalprocedureexistencedeliverycyclelong,thedeficientflexibility,thechangeexpensehigh,thestorageexpenseisbigandsoontheshortcoming.Themodernizationlarge-scale,themulti-variet

20、iesautomobileproductionrequestflexiblejigsystemmayuseinanymeasuringengine(bracketorverticalarm);Moreoveritdoesnotneedandtheexaminationsupposeshasspecialelectricalandthesoftwarejoint.Thiskindofjigsystemmaintenanceconvenient,theuseissimple.Thecommonlyusedflexiblejigsystemhastwokinds,thefirstkindisthep

21、rogrammablecolumnpromotion,thesecondkindismechanicaltypemodulejoiningtogether.Alsohasinthefirstkindentireisautomaticandthemanualdivision,butthesecondkindalsohasthedifferentstructuralstyle.TheentireautomaticflexibleattireclampsthesystemEntireautomaticflexibleattireclampsthesystemtakeDEAtheproductionF

22、IVE(likechart3)asanexample,itsmainbodypartisgroupofcircularcylinders,insufficientcompressedair,ifturnsontheairvalve,thebasenamelyformstheaircushion,thecolumnphysicalabilitylivelilymovesintheplatform,alsohighlyvariables,theheightofliftbiggestonekindis500mm;Thepeakmatchesthestandardizedstrut,withbyloa

23、dbearingworkpiece.Undertheshut-downcondition,thesecircularcylindersneatlysettocoordinatesmeasuringengineplatformbehind.Thissystemwhenmovement,consummatessoftwareandtheautomaticoperationfunctionwiththeaidofFIVEmovesonebyonethecircularcylindertoplatforminsomeestablishesinadvancetheposition;Afterthecir

24、cularcylinderaccordingtoisdefiniteX,Y,theZcoordinatesstopssupposesthefixedpointintheplatform,measuredamanipulatorstartsupwardly,namelyalongtheZaxismigration,promotesthecolumninvivopistontothestipulationaltitude;Procedurebeforehandestablisheswhichthroughtheexecution,X,Y,theZcoordinatesonhaveestablish

25、edinthecoordinatesmeasuringenginesurveyspace.Solongasinviewofthedifferentworkpieceestablishmentcorrespondingprocedure,theFIVEsystemcansatisfyeachkindofworkpiecethestrut,theattireclampstherequest,hasdemonstratedtheenormousflexibility,namelyflexibility.ThemanualflexibleattireclampsthesystemTheFIVEauto

26、maticsystemsalsohavetheobviousinsufficiency,oneistheuserinvestmentbig,twoisalthoughtheoperatingprocessforentireisautomatic,buttheworkingefficiencyisnotcertainlyhigh.Inrecentyearspromotedthemanualflexibleattiretoclampthesystem,wassimilartotheFIVEsystem,accordingtowasmeasuredtheworkpiecethedifferentsi

27、tuationfirstestablishedthecorrespondingprocedure,Themeasuringenginemeasuredgraduallyenters,theoperatorthenartificiallymovesthecircularcylindertomeasuredunder,themanualpromotiontoaimsatsurveyontoassignthepositionagain,theninstallsthemodularstrutcartridge,thiskindofsystemcomparedtoentireautomaticjigsy

28、stemworkingefficiencyhigh,theefficiencyisalsogood.OnservosystemandsoonyummytreatsOnyummytreatssystemincludingconveyerbelt,axlevehicleandpowerdepartmentclassification.Installsontheyummytreatssysteminmeasuringenginearound,thereferenceandtheassemblylineposition,ontheyummytreatsmaycarryoninanyside.Thus,

29、thedowntime,namelythespatialrunningtimereducestofew,enhancedtheworkingefficiency.Whentreatsmeasuredthethinwallwhensurveysthelocationexamines,thenextthinwallisinstalledin上料thelocationloadbearingplatform,butcompletesafterthesurveycirculation,thisonautomaticallyemigratessurveystheregion,installstheneww

30、orkpiecesecondplatformtomovein.Accordingtosurveysthedutytheneed,intheloadbearingplatformalsomayestablishmeasuresastorehouse,alsomayinexamineinacomplexworkpieceprocesstomeasuretheheadthroughthereplacement,timecompletesthetask.Generalsurveyssoftwareandspecial-purposesurveysoftwarePreliminarysurveysoft

31、wareisthecoordinatesmeasuringenginenecessaryslightlydisposessoftware.Itresponsiblycompletestheentiremeasurementsystemthemanagement,adjusts,thecoordinatesystemestablishmentandthetransformation,theinputoutputmanagement,thebasicgeometryessentialfactorsizeandtheshapepositioncommondifferenceappraisalaswe

32、llastheelementconstitutionbasicfunctionincludingtheprobe.(Theshapepositioncommondifferenceincludes:Thestraightdimension,flatness,roundness,thecolumn,thelineoutline,thesurfaceoutline,theparallelism,theverticality,thegradient,position,coaxial(heart),thesymmetry,thecirclebeat,allbeats)Special-purposesu

33、rveysoftwareisaimsatsomekindsoftwarewhichhasthespecificusethesparepartsurveyquestiontodevelop,forexample:Gear,thread,freecurveandfreecurvedsurfaceandsoon.Generallyalsohassomeattachedsoftwaremodules,forexample:Thestatisticalanalysis,theerrorexamine,compensates,CADandsoon.Theadvancedmeasurementandexam

34、inationsoftwaremayneedtoprovidetheperfectsolutionforthemeasurement,ishighlyeffectivecorrectlycompletestheexaminationfunctionthekeyaspect.Ifthick-DMISsurveysoftwareoperationcontactsurfaceissuccinct,mayinstructtheusertocarryonthecomponentsprogramming,theparameterestablishmentandtheworkpieceexamination

35、;Atthesametime,itsintegratedgraphfunction,canexaminethedataproductionvisiblegraphreport;Alsomaytransplanttraditionalsurveysoftware,andprovidestiesupsoftwareandsoonplanlikeMM4,TUTOR.Inadditionalsoincludeseachkindofplateworkandtheplasticglassandthefittingcompletesetsurveyprocedure,aswellasautomaticall

36、yseeksthesurveyelement,real-timethreedimensionalmeasuredcompensates,theautomaticcompensationdistortionworkpiecesuperficialpositionandthedirectionandsoon;Anddistortsthebigworkpieceholesearchfunctiontotheplatework,Namelycontrolsthemeasuringenginetheregiontoseekseveraleffectivegeometriesshapesnearbythe

37、theoryholecenter,hashadtheintellectualizedcharacteristic.ThissoftwarealsohastheformidableCADgraphfunction,thepermissionuserusesthethreedimensionalCADdata,off-lineoron-lineproductionworkpieceexaminationprocedure,simultaneouslycompletesthegraphworkpiecemodelandthesurveywaysimulation,producesthecompute

38、rdigital-analogtocompletethereversionproject.高精度的车身检具-三坐标测量机车身检测是汽车工业中关于零部件检测的重要局部,该项检测直接关系着整车的外观和质量.三坐标测量机普遍具有高精度、高速度、很好的柔性、很强的数据处理和适应现场环境的水平,尤其是丰富的、不断扩展的软件功能,目前愈来愈多的应用于汽车车身检测中.车身检测的特点汽车车身在加工和工艺装配的过程中,由于各种主客观因素都会存在各种各样的误差,除了操作者本身的技能和经验等主观因素的影响外,还有一些由于检测方法本身所造成的影响.有两种比拟典型的情况：一、车身及其组成的各种零部件大多为钺金件,工件的

39、刚性一般较差,且车身外表上的各种孔和相对尺寸受地球引力的影响而处于变形状态,假设使用传统的测量方式和夹具方法往往对这种自然变形无法测量和评价,即使测量和评价,也会出现较大的偏差.其二、汽车车身装配件是多工种加工件组装的系统,很难防止在单件检测时存在偏差.鉴于上述原因,对车身检测的要求主要有：定位合理；孔的检测包含两项内容：孔径大小,孔的位置；外形检查：由于该类零件轮廓普遍呈自由曲面、不规那么等特征,需要根据具体情况采取多种方式；以划线方式检查工件的轮廓,情况与检查孔相似；待测零件需要夹紧.传统检具一般只针对一项参数检验,多为手工操作,工作效率不高.另外,传统的检具及检测用夹具存在诸多的缺乏,不

40、具备监控生产线上运行情况的水平,所以在车身等大型焊接件的检测及测量应用中,传统检具已渐渐失去主导地位,取而代之的是高精度的三坐标测量机.三坐标测量机在车身检测中的应用三坐标测量机是通过探头系统与工件的相对移动,来探测工件外表点三维坐标的测量系统.除测量机主体局部外,系统还包括输送、装夹等辅助环节,并必须在测量软件的配合下才能完成要求的测量任务.三坐标测量机普遍具有高精度、高速度、很好的柔性、很强的数据处理和适应现场环境的水平,尤其是丰富的、不断扩展的软件功能,这一切使CMME车身质量限制中发挥了愈来愈大的作用.尤其在今天的轿车生产车间里,三坐标测量机已使用在生产线上,而不是使用在远离现场的测量

41、间内.在冲压件生产车间中,采用三坐标测量机检测的比例已过一半,一些大型的复杂工件受检比例更高.焊接件并不是每种都需要进行检验的,但在必须受控的那些车身总成中,利用三坐标测量机进行检查的比例甚至到达三分之二.用于生产过程中检测的三坐标测量系统事实上已成为工艺过程的一个组成局部.三坐标测量机的种类和特点目前,世界上为汽车行业车身检测提供专业检测方案的最知名厂家当属意大利DEA公司,并在推动汽车车身研究和“白车身的尺寸检测方面作出了突出奉献.针对汽车车身检测的应用特点,DEA开发了适应汽车检测每个环节的各种设计,加之以针对钺金件特征而设定的软件功能,能够为车身的开发、试制、部件/分总成/总成检测、在

42、线检测以及质量限制提供保证.常用的三坐标测量机主要有水平臂测量机、活动桥式测量机和固定龙门型测量机.其中水平臂测量机又分双水平臂和单水平臂两种,主要用于对车身和大型钺金件的测量,也可测中小件.活动桥式测量机精度较高,主要用于对形状复杂的薄壁工件,特别适用于在生产现场对中小型冲压件和焊接件进行在线测量.固定龙门型测量机的精度高于水平臂测量机,主要用于如航空、汽车等细长件的测量.检测用柔性夹具传统夹具做法是每次在测量零件以前,首先根据测量要求,制定各种定位及夹紧方案,接着就要制作一些夹具,然后根据既定方案,在三坐标测量机的工作台面上,把这些定位及夹紧装置搭建起来,在此根底上建立测量坐标系前方可测量.这种传统的做法存在交货周期长、缺乏灵活性、更改费用高、储存费用大等缺点.现代化大规模、多品种汽车生产要求的柔性夹具系统可用于任何测量机悬臂或垂直臂；而且它不需要与检测设备有特殊的电气和软件的联结.这类夹具系统维护方便,使用简单.常用的柔性夹具系统有两类,第一类是可编程