高中一年级英语语法_直接引语变成间接引语的句子结构的变化

1、直接引语变成间接引语的句子结构的变化1) 陈述句Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall."HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略.主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthat2) 一般疑问句Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?"Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydif

2、ficultywithmypronunciation.间接引语用连词whether或if弓I导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),语序是陈述句的语序3)特殊疑问句Hesaidtome,"What'syourname?Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序4)选择疑问句Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.用whetheror表达,而不用ifo

3、r,也不用eitheror5)祈使句如果直接引语是祈使句,间接引语要用不定式的复合结构改,即改为：tell(ask,order,warn,advise等)sb.(not)todosth.如：Thepolicemansaidtothechildren,"Don'tplayfootballinthestreet.Thepolicemantoldthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet.“Listentomecarefully,please."theteachersaidtous.Theteachertoldustolistentoh

4、imcarefully.【温馨提示】如果祈使句中出现了please,在间接引语中必须省略.6)感慨句如果直接引语是感慨句,变间接引语时,用what,how或that来引述.如：“Whatabeautifulhouseitis!hesaidtome.Hqtoldmewhatabeautifulhouseitwas.Hetoldmethatitwasabeautifulhouse.I.引导词的选择及语序1. 陈述句：S+V+that+陈述语序(S+V)“Thatisthetrouble,saidBill.改为：Billsaidthetrouble.【注】：that可省略,但如果是两个或两个以上的宾

5、语从句并列,那么第二个that不可省略.Hetoldme(that)hehadfinishedhisworkandthathewouldliketohaveaholiday.2. 一般疑问句：S+V+if/whether+陈述语序(S+V)Heasked,“Areyouleavingtonight?"改为：Heaskedusleavingthatnight.3. 特殊疑问句：S+V+what/who/which/whose/when+陈述语序(S+V)“Whydidyoulockthedoor?fathersaidtoAnne.改为：FatheraskedAnnethedoor.4.

6、 祈使句：S+V+sb.todo/nottodo(1) 表示"命令"：tell,order,command(2) 表示"请求：ask,beg,request(3) 表示“建议"：advise,suggest“Don'tmakenoiseinthelibrary."theteachersaidtothestudents.改为：Theteacherthestudentsnoiseinthelibrary.n.时态的一致1.主句是过去时,变间接引语时,从句时态向“过去退一步直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时/、

7、变一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时/、变一般将来时过去将来时直接引语间接引语Iworkhard.Hesaidthathehard.Iamworkinghard.Hesaidthathehard.Iwasworkinghard.Hesaidthathehard.Iworkedhard.Hesaidthathehard.Ihadworkedhard.Hesaidthathehard.Iamgoingtoworkhard.Hesaidthathehard.但要注意在以下几种情况下.在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化.直接引语是客观真理."Theearthmovesaroundthesu

8、nandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.fTheteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.直接引语是过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时,时态就不变.如：Jacksaid."John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?"fJackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时

9、,时态不变.如：XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril2l,1980."一XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时.表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变.如：Hesaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."fHesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例：oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例：could,should,would,might)不

10、再变.如：Petersaid."Youhadbettercomehavetoday."fPetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.m.人称及状语的变化1 .人称变化：“一主二宾三不变直接引语中假设出现第一人称那么看主句主语,第二人称看主句宾语,第三人称无须变试观察：Shesaidtohim,“Iamveryhungry.改为：Shetoldhimthatshewasveryhungry.Shesaidtohim,“Youareverynice.改为：Shetoldhimthathewasverynice.Shesaidtohim,“Lilyisve

11、rynice.改为：ShetoldhimthatLilywasverynice.2.状语与限定词变化：“这这那那,来来去去直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthentodaythatdaytomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdayyesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousdaynextyear/week/monththenextyear/week/monthlastyear/night/weektheyear/night/weekbeforeagobeforeheretherecomegoIputthekeyonthis

12、tableyesterday.改为:IV.Exercise一.改写句子把直接引语改为间接引语1. “Iamhavingsupper,“hesaid.改为：Hesaidthathavingsupper.2. "I'veseenthefilm,"Ginasaidtome.改为：Ginamethatthefilm.3. “Iwenthomewithmysister,"shesaid.改为：Shesaidthathomewithhersister.4. Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.改为：Theteachers

13、aidthatthesunbiggerthanthemoon.5. “Imetheryesterday,“hesaidtome.改为：Hetoldmethatheher6. “Youmustcomeherebeforefive,"hesaid.改为：HesaidthatItogobeforefive.7. “Wereyoubornin1979?hesaid.改为：HemeIbornin1979.8. Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.改为：HeJimthathe.9. Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?"改为：Heaskedh

14、ismotherit.10. “Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?heasked.改为：Heaskedmebeendays.11. “Doyouknowwhereshelives?heasked.改为：Heaskedknewwhereshe.12. “Keepquite,children."hesaid.改为：Hethechildrenquite.13. "Don'tlookoutofthewindow,"shesaid.改为：Shemeoutofthewindow.14. “Areyouinterestedinthis?hesaid.改

15、为：HeIwasinterestedin.二.句子译：1 .汤姆说他2021年参加了这家驾驶俱乐部.2 .他告诉我他把书落在房间里了.3 .凯特问我当天晚上是否陪她看电影.4 .我的小学英语老师常说熟能生巧.5 .妈妈问我是怎么修好我的单车的.6 .老师让学生们别浪费自己的时间.7 .她说她在等车的时候就读完那本书了.8 .警察问那个人前天晚上他在公园里都干了些什么.9 .他说他求职时已经告诉他们他的故事了.10 .将军命令所有士兵马上上前线.V.Keys:1. .1.thatthatwas2. whether/ifwewere3. whyshehadlocked4. told,nottoma

16、ken.2.thattheearthgoes3. thatshewas4. hehasbeenmarriedExercise:1 .1.hewas2. toldshehadseen3. shehadgone4. is5. hadmet;thedaybefore6. had;there;7. asked;if/whether;wasword完美格式8. told;couldsitthere9. howshehadfound10. whereIhad;those11. if/whetherI;lived12. told;tokeep13. told;nottolook14. askedif/whe

17、ther;that2 .1.Tomsaidthathejoinedthedrivingclubin2021.2. Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.3. Kateaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgotothecinemawithherthatevening.4. MyEnglishteacherintheprimaryschooloftensaidthatpracticemakesperfect.5. MymotheraskedmehowIhadrepairedmybike.6. Theteachertoldthestudentsnott

18、owastetheirtime.7. Shesaidshehadfinishedreadingthebookwhileshewaswaitingforthebus.8. Thepolicemanaskedthemanwhathehaddoneintheparkthenightbefore.9. Hesaidthathehadtoldthemallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.10. Thegeneralorderedallhissoldierstogotothefrontlineatonce.课后练习：I.将所给直接引语变为间接引语,每空一词：1. “Inev

19、ereatmeat."hesaid.Hesaidthatnevermeat.2. Tvefoundmywallet."hesaidtome.Hemethathewallet.3. “Itookithomewithme."shesaid.Shesaidthatithomewithher.4. Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.Theteachersaidthatthesunintheeastand5. “Imetheryesterday."hesaidtome.6. “Youm

20、ustcomeherebeforefive."hesaid.7. “Iboughtthehouse10yearsago."hesaid.8. “Didyouseeherlastweek?hesaid.downinthewest.Hemethathemettheday.HesaidthatItogobeforefive.Hesaidthatheboughtthehouse10yearsHeIhadseenhertheweek.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.HeJimthathesitthere10.Heasked,"Howdidyoufin

21、dit,mother?Heaskedhermotherfoundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?heasked.Heaskedmebeendays.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?“heasked.Heaskedknewwhereshe13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.hesaid.Hethechildrenmakingsomuchnoise.14."Don'ttellhimthenews.shesaid.Shetoldmehimthenews.15.“Areyouintestedin

22、this?hesaid.HeIwasinterestdinII从A、B、CD四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项.1.HeaskedmeIwouldgotoBeijingbyairthenextday.A.thatifB.ifC.thatwhetherD.how2.Joyce,pleasedon'topenthewindow.Pardon?Iopenthewindow.A.tellyoudonB.tellyounottoC.toldyoudidnD.toldyounotto3.Hetheydidn'tstartearlytheywouldntcatchthefirstbu

23、s.A.saidthatifB.askedifC.askedwhetherD.saidthatwhether4.Heaskedfortheviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchIpaidD.howmuchdidIpay5.Theteacheraskedussomuchnoise.北京2003)A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake6.Thedoctoraskedmewhatwithme.A.iswrongB.wrongisC.waswrongD.wrongwas7.Heaskedtheboywhe