高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解

1、高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解一、概述 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语（direct speech。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语 （indirect speech。一般地 讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。Mr. Black said, “I'm busy布菜克先生说：我很忙”（直接引语）Mr. Black said that he was busy布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语） 从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时 ,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须 对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上

2、例直接引语中的 I 改成了 he, am则改成了 wa&现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题，分述如下：二、直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词 that引导（that在口语中常省 去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间 状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。1、人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称（如: I, me,my， mine，we，us, our，ours）变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中 的第二人称（you， your，yours）变为和主句的间接宾语（即听话人

3、，如无听话人， 可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称）相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称（he, him， his，she, her, hers,it, its,they,their，theirs，them）变为间接弓I语时， 人称不变。He said , lik“eIit very much. ”他说：“我非常喜欢它”。He saidthat he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。（I 改为 he, it不变） He said, “ Wd me this story. 他说：你给我讲过这个故事。”He said that I had told him that stor

4、y.他说我给他讲过那个故事。（You 改为 I, me 改为 him, told 改为 had told）He said to me,Sftenes book in your room”他对我说：她把书放在你的房间里去了。”He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里 去了。（She' sshe had her不变，yourmy）2、时态的变化 （1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时 态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时 ,动词时态

5、相应变化表：He said, “I usuwalalytch TV on Sunday. ”他说： “我常在星期天看电视”。He saidthat he usually watched TV on Su nday他 说他常在星期天看电视。He said, “I'm usthinegknife. 他说”： “我正在用小刀。 ”He said that hewas using the knife 他说他正在用小刀。She said, “have n ot heard from him si nee May.她说： 自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”She said that shehad

6、 not heard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。He said,“Came to help you.他说： 我来帮助你。He said thathe had come to help me他 说他来帮助我。He said, “had finished my homework before supper.他说：晚饭前我己做完了作业。”He said that he had fini shed his homework before supper 他说晚饭前他己做完了 作业。Zhou Lan said,“门t doter class.周兰说：下课

7、后我就去做。”Zhou Lan said that shewould do it after class 周兰说下课后她就去做。He said, shill be doing my homework then.他说： 那时我将正在做作业。” He said that heshould be doi ng his homework then他 说那时他将正在做作业。 He said,Mhadl have finished the work by that time.他说：”我们将在那时以前完成工作。”He said that theyshould have fini shed the work

8、by that time.他 说他们将在那时以 前完成工作。注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客 观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。The teacher said, “ This eauthd.老师说：地球是圆的。”The teachersaid that the earth is rounc老师说地球是圆的。He said, was born in Shangdong in 1965.他说”我 1965 年生于山东。” He said that hewas born in Shangdong in 1965.他说他 1965 年生于山东。He said,

9、 “ ColumbudiscoveredAmerica in 1492.他说： 哥伦布在 1492 年发现了 美洲。”He said Columbus discovered America in 1492他说哥伦布在 1492 年发现了美 洲。(2)主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变He says, finihed the work.他说： 我做完工作了。”He says that he fin ished the work.他说他做完工作了。He will say, have wateredthe flowers.他会说：我

10、己经浇花了。 ”He will say he has watered the flowers.他会说他己经浇花了。3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表：间接引语直接引语指示代词this/thesenowtoday时间状语toni ghtthis week (month )that/those the n that day that ni ghtyesterdaylast week (month )two weeks (mon th)agothat week (month ) the day beforethe week (month )before two weeks (mon t

11、hs)beforetomorrowthe n ext daynext week (month )the next week (month )-地点状语herethere动词comegobringtakeHe said,“1 met Mr. Srttiihs morning.他说我今天早晨见到史密斯了He said that he had met Mr. Smiththat morni ng.他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。 He said, W“went to the cinemayesterday ” 他说： 我们昨天去电影院了。 ” He said they had gone to the c

12、i nemihe day before 他说前一天他们去电影院 了。Lily said, I will'Come back next month. ” 莉莉说： 我下个月回来。”Lily said that she would go backthe next month 莉莉说她下一个月就回去。He said,“It is nine o'clnckw '他说： 现在九点了。”He said that it was nine o'clockthen.他说那时九点了。He said, I have n't seen heitoday.'他说：今天我没

13、见到她。”He said that he hadn't seen hehfat day .他说那天他没有见到她。She said,“I wentetyesterday.她说： 昨天我去了那儿。”She said that she had gone therthe day before 她说前一天她去了那儿。She said, “门I go thereorrow.'她说：明天我将去那儿。”She said that she would go therehe next day 她说第二天她将去那儿。He said, “ My sister wase three daysago 他说

14、： 三天前我妹妹在这儿。” He said that his sister had beethere three daysbefore.他说三天前他妹妹在那 丿儿。（here thereago before）She said,“I <wiHn ehere this eve ning.她说： 今晚我将来这儿。”She said that she wouldjo there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。（comego; here there this that以上这些变化，要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。 如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为ther

15、e, come也不必改为go如果就在当天转 述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如 与一个具体的过去时间状语连用，间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。Father said, I am“free this afternoon”父亲说： 我今天下午有空。”Father said that he was freehis afternoon 父亲说他今天下午有空。He said“I am goinhere tomorrow.'他说 我明天去那里。 ”He said that he was goin gthere tomorrow. 他说他明天去那里。

16、巧记:去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。三、直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。 其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。巧记：if（或whether）替引号，陈述语序要记牢。时态、人称和状语要变化，千 万别把它忘掉。1、直接引语是一般问句变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语 从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为 said,则将其改为asked如果谓语动词后没有 间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语 me, him, her, them, us等。She said, “your father

17、 an en gi neer?她说： 你父亲是工程师吗？”Sheasked me whether my father was an engineer她问我说我父亲是否是工程 师。The teachersaid to Li Mi ng, Have you fini shed your homework?老师对李明说：你做完作业了吗？”The teacherasked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.老师问李明是 否已做完作业了。2、直接引语是特殊问句如果直接引语为特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where,

18、 whe n, who, how ma ny作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句， 但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式。如果主句中的谓语动词为said,则将其改为askec。巧记：直接去引号，陈述语序莫忘掉。助动do(does) did,要去掉。What do you doevery Sun day morning? my'frie nd said to me 我的朋友问我说，每星期天上午你做什么？My friend asked me what I did every Sun day morning.我的朋友问我每星期天 上午我做什么。Where have you been Li M

19、ing? th” teacherasked.老师问道： 你上哪里去了， 李明?fThe teacherasked Li Mi ng where he had bee n 老师问李明曾去过哪儿。I asked her, How many English books will yoiread next term? 我'问她说： 下学 期你将读多少本英语书？ ”I asked herhow many English books she would reathe n ext term.我 问她下学 期将读多少本英文书。When did you get up this morning? aske

20、fmy father我父亲问道：今天早晨你什么时候起床的?fMy father asked mewhen I had got up that morning.我父亲问我那天早晨我是 什么时候起床的。注意： 直接引语里是： What's wrong with?/What'sthe matter? /What's thetrouble?/What has happened等特殊疑问句时，间接引语的语序不变。He said to her What' s the matter with you他问她f 你怎么了？ ” He asked herwhat was the m

21、atter with her 他问她怎么了。四、直接引语是祈使句巧记：去掉引号要加to； ask, order须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前 部。转述祈使句时，要使祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式 的前面加not。如果祈使句中有please一词，改为间接引语时，就将please去掉。 成为：told (asked, ordered, warned)someone (not)to do somethin结构。He said, Sit down, pleasef 他说： 请坐。”He a

22、sked me to sit down 他让我坐下。The teachersaid, Don' t talkn class! 老师说： 上课不要讲话！ ”The teachertold us not to talkin class!老师要我们上课不要讲话。The capta in said to his men, Fire! ”上尉对他的士兵们说 开火！ ”The cap tai nordered his men to fire 上尉命令他的士兵们开火！The policeman said to the children,Don't play“football in the m

23、iddle of the street. 警察对孩子们说：别在马路中间踢足球。”The policema n warned the children not to playfootball in the middle of the street. 警察警告孩子们不要在马路中间踢足球。五、点击考点I改错：1. He said that he is going to London.2. Tom said they had fini shed the job yesterday.3.She asked me don ' t smoke in the room.4. They asked th

24、at he was there.5.1 asked you where was he going.6. The teacher told us not talk any more.7. The doctor said to his wife, Not wait for me.8. He asked me who I am.9. Mary said that she would see you tomorrow.10. Mother asked what the matter was.11. 将下列句子改为间接引语1. “Where will you go tomorrow? others Me

25、d me.2. The old woma n said to me,“ Please lock the door for me.”3. The boy told his teacher,“ We went to an exhibiti on yesterday.”4. He said,I'll go to the statio n to see off a frie nd of mi ne this after noon.5. “ Hello,how are you? ” , heneaid to6. Tom said to me an grily,“ Why don' t you tell me you have bee n here for twoweeks?r7. Joh n said to Mary,“ Do you remember I borrowed a diam ond n ecklace from you?8. The teacher said to Li Mi ng,“ Don' t make the same mistake aga in.”9. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?” , I asked her.10. The nurse said to