初中英语的八种时态

1、巩固初中英语的八种时态为高中16时态打基础 打印版 2010.3.251. 时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手。2. 时态语态会影响学生高中阶段 大分制题阅读和完型处理，已经各种复合句，非谓语动词，无主语句式的运用。只有时态学牢靠，才能做到高中阶段 甚至以后英语学习的前提。一、 一般现在时： l 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 l 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, l

2、 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 （句子结构： 主语 + V + 其他）l 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 l 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、 一般过去时： l 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 l 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 19

3、89, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. l 基本结构：be动词；行为动词（句子结构： 主语 + V + 其他）l 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 l 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、 现在进行时： l 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 l 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. l 基本结构：am/is/are+

4、doing （句子结构：主语 + am/is/are + doing + 其他）l 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. l 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。四、 过去进行时： l 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 l 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 l 基本结构：was/were+doing （句子结构：主语 + was/were + doing + 其他）l 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. l 一般疑问句：把was或we

5、re放于句首。五、 现在完成时： l 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 l 时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. l 基本结构：have/has + done l 否定形式：have/has + not +d one. l 一般疑问句：have或has。 完成时态可用在下列结构中： (1) This (That, It) is (was) the first (second.) time +定语从句；(2) This (That, It) is (w

6、as) the only (last) + n +定语从句；(3) This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如： This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupte

7、d me that evening. 六、 过去完成时： l 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 l 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. l 基本结构：had + done. l 否定形式：had + not + done. l 一般疑问句：had放于句首。动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如： I h

8、ad meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. 另外两种表示过去想做而未做的事的表达方式是： (1) was / were + to have done sth. 例如： We were to have come yesterday, but we couldnt.(2) intended/expected/hope/meant/planned/supposed/wished/wanted/desired+ to have done sth. 如： I meant to have told you

9、 about it, but I forgot to do so. 过去完成时常用于以下固定句型： hardly, scarcely, barely +过去完成时+ when +过去时。例如： Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如： No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如： The experiment had been fini

10、shed by 4 oclock yesterday afternoon.七、 一般将来时： l 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 l 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. l 基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. l 否定形式：be动词 + not; 在行为动词前加wont，同时还原行为动词。 l 一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首

11、。几种替代形式： (1) be going to动词原形结构的用法 这种结构表示主体现在的意图，即打算在最近或将来要做某事。例如：What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么？ 此外, 这种结构也可表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能即将发生某事。这时主语既可指人也可指物，此结构往往表示客观事态的发展，而不是表示主观的意图。例如： Look at these black clouds. Its going to rain. 看这些乌云。天快要下雨了。 Im afraid Im going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒

12、。 注：be going to与will用法上的异同及比较说明： be going to与will都可用来表示即将发生的事情。前者多用于口语，后者常用于书面语和正式文告中。例如：Therell (is going to) be a football match in our school next week. 下周我校将举行（有）一场足球赛。 be going to 与will都可用来表示意图。例如： I will (am going to) climb the hill tomorrow. 我将于明天去登山。 注：一般来说，“意图”是事先经过考虑的，用be going to表示；反之则用wi

13、ll。will还多用于对话中，即一方听了对方的话后所作出的反应。例如： Theyre going to meet at the school gate. 他们打算在学校大门见面。 - Please bring me a cup of tea. 请给我端杯茶来。 Ill do it in a minute. 我马上就去（端）。 be going to常含有“即将”之意；而will即可表示“即将”又可表示“较长时间后的未来”，或不表示任何特定的将来时间概念。例如： Were going to visit the factory. 我们即将去参观那家工厂。 Hell write a book one

14、 day. 他有朝一日要写书。 The house will break down. 那屋子（迟早）要倒塌。 表示预测：be going to表示有发生某事的迹象；will则表示说话者认为要发生某事。如： Its very dark and cold. Its going to snow. 天很暗而且非常冷，要下雪了。 Im sure hell be back in an hour. 我确信他一小时后会回来。 在表示“询问对方是否愿意”以及表示“客气的邀请”时，常用will。例如： Will you lend me the book? 你能把那本书借给我吗？ be going to可用于条件句

15、，表示将来的时间，will一般不能。例如：If you are going to watch TV this evening, youd better finish your homework now. 你若想今晚看电视，最好现在就完成作业。 如果条件从句表示将来发生的动作或状态，主句中常用will，而条件从句中则用一般现在时表示。例如： If you go to England, you will like the food there. 如果你去英国，你会喜欢那儿的食物的。 (2) be动词不定式结构的用法 这种结构着重指按计划或安排将要发生某事。常表示“职责、意图、约定、可能性”等。如：

16、 You are to be back by 11 oclock. 你必须11点回来。 We are to meet at the zoo. 我们约定在动物园见面。 The football match is not to be played today. 今天不能举行足球比赛了。 (3) be about动词不定式结构的用法这种结构表示“最近或马上要发生的动作”, 不与具体时间状语连用。例如： I was about to leave when Mary came. 我正要走时, 玛丽来了。 (4) bev.-ing结构的用法这种结构表示按计划即将发生的动作，用进行时形式表示将来的时间，但只

17、适用于表示位置移动的动词。例如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly (乘飞机)等，并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。例如：Where are you going this Saturday? 这个星期六你准备去哪儿？Mr. Li is flying to Shanghai tomorrow morning. 李先生明天早晨乘飞机去上海。(5) 用一般现在时表示将来的时间的用法(所谓的主将从现) 这种用法除了动词be外，一般适用于表示位置转移的动词， 例如：go, come, leave, start, arrive,

18、 move, return, fly等，或表示根据规定或时间表上预计要发生的动作或事态。 此外，在由if, when, as soon as, until, till, after, before等引导的条件或时间状语从句中，若主句为将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来的时间。例如：Im free this afternoon. 我今天下午有空。School starts on September 1. 学校9月1日开学。Ill give the book to him as soon as he returns. 他一回来，我就把书给他。八、 过去将来时： l 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过

19、去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 l 时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. l 基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. l 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. l 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。2. 几种常见时态的相互转换 英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完

20、成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the Leagu

21、e for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看： l Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. l Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、 现在进行时与一

22、般将来时的转换 在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看： l The train is leaving soon. l The train will leave soon. 四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换 “be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称

23、都可以用will。请看： l We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. l We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday. 3.中考动词时态考点分析 一、 根据时间状语确定时态的原则 l 1. Hurry up! The play（ ）for ten minutes. (2002辽宁) l A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began 析 1. C。since后接时间的起点，for后接时间段，主句动词用现在完成时，应注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的使用

24、。二、 在复合句根据时态呼应确定时态的原则 l 2. Do you know if （） back next week? If he（） back, please let me know. (2002黑龙江 ) l A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes l C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come 析 2. C。if既可引导宾语从句，也可引导状语从句。充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义是“是否”。充当状语从句的连接词时，词义是“如果”。从时态看，if引导宾语从句时谓语

25、动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化；引导表示将来动作或状态的条件句时，若主句用一般将来时，则从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。三、 根据上下文已有时态信息点确定时态的原则 l 3. When this kind of computer（）? l -Last year. (2002天津) l A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used 析 3. B。此例由下句的时间状语推断出一般过去时态，并且要考虑到被动语态。 四、 利用上下文语意确定时态的原则 l 4. Hi! Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party.

26、 l -Oh, I（）ready for the maths exam. (2002江西) l A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got l 析 4. B。此例由didnt, at the party推断出应用过去进行时。 五、 时态中的“特殊”对策的原则 l 5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25（）Christmas Day. (2002辽宁) l A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 析 5. A。 有些动词其动词的时态是“违背常理”的。如宾

27、语从句表示的是一个客观事实或客观真理时，其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时表示。中考实战题练兵 Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verb tense: l 1. Mr Brown will go fishing if it (not rain) tomorrow. (2002徐州市) l 2. I think he (be) back in a week. (2002南京市) l 3. Who (knock) at the door? l -I dont know. Let me go and see. (2002连云港市) l 4.

28、 Bill is strict with himself. He never (leave) todays work for tomorrow. (2002连云港市) l 5. - your uncle (return) the video tapes to Mr Fox? l -No. Theyre still in his bedroom. (2002南通市) l 6. By the end of last term, they (work) there for ten years. (2002辽宁) l 7. Mr. Wang (read) a newspaper in the offi

29、ce at this time yesterday. (2002上海市) l 8. Mr. Green and his wife (live) in London for a few years before they l (come) to work in China in 2001. (2002曲靖市) l 9. They never knew what (happen) to the world in a hundred years. (2002南充) l 10. About 400 years ago, Galileo(伽利略) proved that the earth (go) a

30、round the sun. (2002陕西) 初中英语的五大基本句型英文的句子按照主词、动词、受词补语来分类，可以分成五大基本句型。 分别是: 一、S+V（主语+谓语动词） 1. Snow falls. 下雪 2. The sun rises. 太阳升起 3. The moon rose slowly. 4. He spoke loudly. 二、S+V+C【Subject（主语）+Verb（动词）+Complement（补语）】 即：主语连系动词表语 1.He is the author. 他是作者 (名词作补语) 2.Spring is here. 春天到了 (副词作补语) 3. He

31、is in the room. 他在房间里 (介词片语作补语) 4.To see is to believe. 眼见为凭 (不定词作补语) 5.The question is what to say. 问题是要说什麼 (名词片语作补语) 6. S+感官动词+SC The candy tastes sweet. 这糖果尝起来很甜 The milk smells sour. 这牛奶闻起来酸酸的 It sounds great. 这听起来不错 She looks suprised. 她看起来很吃惊 I feel better. 我感 三、S+V+O（Subject主语+verb动词+object宾语

32、） 1.I want to study Math. 我想要研读数学 (受词为不定词) 2 I love her. 我爱她(受词为名词) 3. She knows that he never tells the truth. 她知道他从未说过实话 (受词为名词子句) 4. I like fishing. 我喜欢钓鱼 (受词为动名词) 四、S+V+O+C（Subject主语+Verb动词+Object宾语+Complement补语） 1. We paid him $100. 我付他100元 We paid $100 to him. 2. I showed him my books. 我对他展示我的

33、书I showed my books to him. 五、S+V+O+O（Subject主语+Verb动词+Object宾语+Object宾语） 这里的不完全及物动词主要有 感官动词: see hear watch feel 使役动词: make get ask let keep 其他如: call believe consider 1. We considered him a wise person. 我认为他是一个聪明的人 2. She made me mad. 她使我生气. 3. I saw him swim across the river. 我看见他游过河 另外还有一类也可归做本句型

34、 (介系词片语作补语 as ., in .) S Vt + as O OC 1. I regard it as impossible. 我认为这是不可能的 2. I regard him as a child. 我视他为小孩练习题1( ) 1 -He came early this morning, didnt he?-Yes, he did. He often_ to school early. A. come B. comes C. came D. has come( ) 2 Ann _ her hair every week.A. is going to wash B. wash C.

35、washes D. is washing( ) 3 They usually_TV in the evening.A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches( ) 4 The sun _ in the east and_ in the west.A. raises; set B. rise; sets C. rises; sets D. rises; set( ) 5 Miss Gao_ English on the radio every morning.A. had studied B. studies C. study D. stu

36、died( ) 6 Our teacher will return by the time schoolA. will begin B. began C. is beginning D. begins2( ) 1 -I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. What about you, Jim?-So do I, but my sister _.A. hasnt B. doesnt C. didnt D. wont( ) 2 -That ten pound note belongs to me.A. Yes, it belongs B. No,

37、 it doesnt C. Yes, it is D. No, it isnt( ) 3 She will go if it _ tomorrow.A. isnt rain B. dont rain C. doesnt rain D. didnt rain3( ) 1 -_ they often _ these old men?-Yes, they_.A. Do; help; are B.Are; helping; are C. Do; help; do D. Are; helped; are( ) 2 -_ he _ to work on foot?-Yes, he_.A. Do; go;

38、do B. Does; go; does C. Is; going; does D. Does; go; is( ) 3 _ you _ some speaking in English every day? A. Is; speaking B. Do; do C. Do; does D. Does; do4( ) 1 How _ it in English?A. you say B. do you say C. to speak D. about talk( ) 2 _ you _ to school every day?A. When; go B. When do; go . C. Whe

39、n did; go D. Does; go( ) 3 _ the girl _ to school?A. Where does; go B. How do; go C. How does; goes D. How does; go5( ) 1 _ you _ how to get the bus stop?A. Have; know B. Do; know C. Are; knowing D. /; know( ) 2 I _ what the old man said is right.A. am thinking B. is thought C. think D. thought( ) 3

40、 These little boys_ playing football.A. are liking B. like C. likes D. were liking6( ) 1 We wont go to the Great Wall if it _ tomorrow.A. snows B. snowed C. snow D. will snow( ) 2 We wont come back until we _ the work.A. shall finish B. have finishedC. will finish D. finish( ) 3 Could you ring me up

41、 as soon as he _?A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives D. will arrive( ) 4 I will not help you with your English if I _ time tomorrow.A. dont have B. will not have C. am not D. wont( ) 5 The next time you _ his parents, tell them I want to see them as soon as possible.A. meet B. will meetC. are goin

42、g to meet D. met( ) 6 The key will be left on the table when I _.A. left B. leave C. will leave D. am leaving( ) 7 When you _ used to the weather here, you will _ this place.A. will get; like B. have got; like C. get; liked D. get; will like7( ) 1 Our classes_at 7: 30 tomorrow morning. A. begin B. b

43、egins C. is beginning D. were beginning( ) 2 The train _ at five this afternoon.A. leave B. leaving C. leaves D. are leaving( ) 3 Next month my father _ to China from America. A. returns B. are returning C. are going to return D. would return8( ) 1 Look, in_our maths teacher.A. is coming B. came C.

44、come D. comes( ) 2 -Have you seen my pen?- .A. Here is it B. Here it is C. Here they are D. Here are they( ) 3 Under the table_.A. a ball are B. is a ball C. are a ball D. has a ball9( ) 1 He lived there before he _ to China.A. come B. comes C. came D. coming( ) 2 I _ very hard when I was young.A. s

45、tudy B. studied C. had studied D. shall study( ) 3 A girl _ the wallet and _.A. found; turns it in B. would find; has turned in it C. found; turned it in D. has found; turned in it( ) 4 I _ the blackboard but _ nothing on it.A. looked at; saw B. have looked; saw C. saw; looked at D. was looking at;

46、was seeing( ) 5 I have no idea what _ while I was asleep.A. has happened B. was happened C. happened D. had happened( ) 6 He said he would help me with my maths if he free. A. was B. will be C. would be D. is10( ) 1 When_to learn English?_A. does she begin B. did she begin C. has she begun D. she be

47、gan( ) 2 -I have finished my homework. -When _ you _ it? A. have; finished B. do; finish C. did; finish D. will; finish( ) 3 My younger brother_ the army_ 1990. A. joined; at B. joined; in C. has joined; in D. has joined; since( ) 4 The train from Tianjin _ an hour ago.A. arrived B. has arrived C. w

48、as arriving D. arrived at( ) 5 I_ my homework at about nine at night.A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish11( ) 1 -Sorry, but your address again, please. I_catch it.-Its 28 Zhongshan Road.A. didnt B. dont C. wont D. wouldnt( ) 2 -Did you wait for your father very long?-Yes, I _ to b

49、ed until two in the morning. A. did go B. didnt go C. had gone D. went( ) 3 -Tom didnt go to see the film with you last night, did he?A. No, he did B. No, he doesnt C. Yes, he did D. Yes, he didnt( ) 4 -Excuse me. Look at the sign: NO SMOKING!-Sorry, I_it.A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. w

50、ont see12( ) 1 _ here and ask him about it yesterday?A. Did you come B. Would you not go C. You didnt come D. Arent you go( ) 2 _ he _ a good time last Sunday?A. Were; were B. Did; do C. Did; has D. Did; have( ) 3 The students hardly studied the English language, _ they?A. did B. didnt C. were D. we

51、rent( ) 4 -_ the bus _ just now?-Yes, but it has left.A. Has; come B. Did; come C. Is; come D. Does; come13( ) 1 He came in, _ his coat and sat down.A. took down B. took off C. taking down D. taking off( ) 2 We carried some water, dug some holes and _ to plant these trees.A. begin B. began C. beginn

52、ing D. begins( ) 3 The old lady cleaned the tables, _ some dirty clothes and did some cooking.A. washing B. washed C. washes D. wash14( ) 1 When he was a child, he_ in the garden in the morning. A. always plays B. always played C. plays always D. played always( ) 2 He is good at maths and he _ hard.A. always study B. always is studying C. is always studying D. studies always( ) 3 Tom _ to school.A. never is late B. never come C. never comes D. is never15( ) 1 When he was young he _ swim in the river.A. used B. used to C. uses D.