马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定——附件3：贸易政策审议机制

1、【法规分类号】 W82001199418【标题】马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定一一附件3:贸易政策审议机制【时效性】有效【签订地点】马拉喀什【签订日期】 1994.04.15【生效日期】 1994.05.15【失效日期】 【内容分类】【文号】【题注】【正文】各成员特此协议如下:A.目标(I) 贸易政策审议机制(“TPRM”)的目的在于通过提高各成员贸易政策和做法的 透明度并使之得到更好的理解，有助于所有成员更好地遵守多边贸易协定和适用的诸边贸易 协定的规则、纪律和在各协定项下所作的承诺，从而有助于多边贸易体制更加平稳地运行。 为此，审议机制可以对各成员的全部贸易政策和做法及其对多边贸易体制运行的

2、影响进行定 期的集体评价和评估。但是，该机制无意作为履行各协定项下具体义务或争端解决程序的基 础，也无意向各成员强加新的政策承诺。(II) 根据审议机制所进行的评估，在有关的范围内，均以有关成员更广泛的经济和 发展需要、政策和目标及其外部环境为背景进行。但是，审议机制的职能是审查一成员的贸 易政策和做法对多边贸易体制的影响。E. 国内透明度 各成员认识到政府在贸易政策问题上决策的国内透明度对各成员的经济和多边贸易体制 具有的固有价值，并同意在各自体制内鼓励和促进提高透明度，同时承认国内透明度的落实 必须以自愿为基础，并考虑每一成员的法律和政治体制。C. 审议程序(i) 特此设立贸易政策审议机构

3、(下称“TPRE”),负责实施贸易政策审议。(11)所有成员的贸易政策和做法均应接受定期审议。各成员对多边贸易体制运行的 影响是确定审议频率的决定因素， 此种影响按其在一最近代表期的世界贸易中所占份额确定。 按此确认的前4个贸易实体(欧洲共同体计为一实体)每2年审议一次。其后的16个实体 每4年审议一次。其他成员每6年审议一次，但可对最不发达国家成员确定更长的期限。各 方理解，对于包括一个以上成员、拥有共同对外政策的实体的审议，应涵盖其影响贸易的政 策的所有部分，包括各成员的有关政策和做法。作为例外，如一成员贸易政策或做法的变更 可能对其贸易伙伴产生重大影响，则TPRB在进行磋商后，可要求该有

4、关成员提前进行下 一次审议。(iii) 在TPRB会议上的讨论应按A款所列目标进行。讨论的重点应为成员的贸 易政策和做法，即审议机制下评估的主题。(iv) TPRB应为实施审议制定基本计划。还可讨论和注意各成员更新的报告。T PRB应通过与直接有关的成员进行磋商，制定每年的审议计划。主席在与接受审议的一个 或多个成员磋商后，可选出讨论人，讨论人以个人身份行事，负责引导在TPRB中进行的 讨论。(v)TPRB的工作应以下列文件为基础:(a) 由接受审议的一个或多个成员提供的一份D款所指的全面报告；(b) 由秘书处自行负责根据其可获得的和一个或多个有关成员提供的信息起草的报告。 秘书处应寻求一个或

5、多个有关成员对其贸易政策和做法进行澄清。(vi) 由接受审议的成员和秘书处提交的报告，与TPRB有关会议的记录一起，应 在审议后迅速公布。(vii) 这些文件将送交部长级会议，部长级会议应注意到这些文件。D. 报告为实现尽可能最充分的透明度，每一成员应定期向TPRB报告。全面报告应根据将由 TPRB决定的议定格式，描述有关成员实施的贸易政策和做法。该格式最初应以由19 8 9年7月19日决定(BISD36册4 0 6至4 0 9页) 所确定的“国别报告提纲格式” 为基础，并作必要修正，将报告的范围扩展到附件1所列多边贸易协定和适用的诸边贸易协 定所涵盖的贸易政策的所有方面。 此格式可由TPRB

6、根据经验进行修改。在两次审议之间，各成员应在其贸易政策发生任何重大变更时提供简要报告；每年将根据议定的格式提供更新 的统计信息。对于最不发达国家成员在编写其报告时所遇到的困难应予特别考虑。应请求， 秘书处应使发展中国家成员、特别是最不发达国家成员可获得技术援助。报告中所含信息应 尽最大可能与根据多边贸易协定和适用的诸边贸易协定的规定作出的通知相协调。E. 与GATT 1 9 9 4和GATS国际收支条款的关系各成员认识到有必要将还需根据GATT1994或GATS国际收支条款进行全面磋 商的政府的负担减少到最低程度。为此，TPRB主席在与有关成员和国际收支限制委员会 主席磋商后，应作出可使贸易政

7、策审议的正常节奏与国际收支磋商的时间表相协调的行政安 排，但不得将贸易政策审议推迟达12个月以上。F. 对机制的评审TPRB应在WTO协定生效后5年内对TPRM的运用情况进行一次评审。评审 结果将提交部长级会议TPRB随后还可按其确定或按部长级会议要求的时间间隔对TP RM进行评估。G. 国际贸易环境发展情况综述TPRB每年还应对影响多边贸易体制的国际贸易环境的发展情况作出综述。综述将以 总干事的年度报告为辅助，该报告列出WTO的主要活动，并指出影响贸易体制的重大政策 问题。TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISMANNEX, 3, OF, MARRAKESHA,GREEME

8、NTE,STABLISHING,THE, WORLDT, RADEORGANIZATION TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISMMembers hereby agree as follows:A. Objectives(i) The purpose of the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) is to contribute to improved adherence by all Members to rules, disciplines and commitments made under the Multilateral

9、Trade Agreements and, where applicable, the Plurilateral Trade Agreements, and hence to the smoother functioning of the multilateral trading system, by achieving greater transparency in, and understanding of, the trade policies and practices of Members. Accordingly, the review mechanism enables the

10、regular collective appreciation and evaluation of the full range of individual Members trade policies and practices and their impact on the functioning of the multilateral trading system. It is not, however, intended to serve as a basis for the enforcement of specific obligations under the Agreement

11、s or for dispute settlement procedures, or to impose new policy commitments on Members.(ii) The assessment carried out under the review mechanism takes place, to the extent relevant, against the background of the wider economic and developmental needs, policies and objectives of the Member concerned

12、, as well as of its external environment. However, the function of the review mechanism is to examine the impact of a Members trade policies and practices on the multilateral trading system.B. Domestic transparencyMembers recognize the inherent value of domestic transparency of government decision-m

13、aking on trade policy matters for both Members economies and the multilateral trading system, and agree to encourage and promote greater transparency within their own systems, acknowledging that the implementation of domestic transparency must be on a voluntary basis and take account of each Members

14、 legal and political systems.C. Procedures for review(i) The Trade Policy Review Body (referred to herein as the TPRB) is hereby established to carry out trade policy reviews.(ii) The trade policies and practices of all Members shall be subject to periodic review. The impact of individual Members on

15、 the functioning of the multilateral trading system, defined in terms of their share of world trade in a recent representative period, will be the determining factor in deciding on the frequency of reviews. The first four trading entities so identified (counting the European Communities as one) shal

16、l be subject to review every two years. The next 16 shall be reviewed every four years. Other Members shall be reviewed every six years, except that a longer period may be fixed for least-developed country Members. It is understood that the review of entities having a common external policy covering

17、 more than one Member shall cover all components of policy affecting trade including relevant policies and practices of the individual Members. Exceptionally, in the event of changes in a Members trade policies or practices that may have a significant impact on its trading partners, the Member conce

18、rned may be requested by the TPRB, after consultation, to bring forward its next review.(iii) Discussions in the meetings of the TPRB shall be governed by the objectives set forth in paragraph A. The focus of these discussions shall be on the Members trade policies and practices, which are the subje

19、ct of the assessment under the review mechanism.(iv) The TPRB shall establish a basic plan for the conduct of the reviews. It may also discuss and take note of updated reports from Members. The TPRB shall establish a programme of reviews for each year in consultation with the Members directly concer

20、ned. In consultation with the Member or Members under review, the Chairman may choose discussants who, acting in their personal capacity, shall introduce the discussions in the TPRB.(v) The TPRB shall base its work on the following documentation:(a) a full report, referred to in paragraph D, supplie

21、d by the Member or Members under review;(b) a report, to be drawn up by the Secretariat on its own responsibility, based on the information available to it and that provided by the Member or Members concerned. The Secretariat should seek clarification from the Member or Members concerned of their tr

22、ade policies and practices.(vi) The reports by the Member under review and by the Secretariat, together with the minutes of the respective meeting of the TPRB, shall be published promptly after the review.(vii) These documents will be forwarded to the Ministerial Conference, which shall take note of

23、 them.D. ReportingIn order to achieve the fullest possible degree of transparency, each Member shall report regularly to the TPRB. Full reports shall describe the trade policies and practices pursued by the Member or Members concerned, based on an agreed format to be decided upon by the TPRB. This f

24、ormat shall initially be based on the Outline Format for Country Reports established by the Decision of 19 July 1989 (BISD 36S/406-409), amended as necessary to extend the coverage of reports to all aspects of trade policies covered by the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annex 1 and, where applicab

25、le, the Plurilateral Trade Agreements. This format may be revised by the TPRB in the light of experience. Between reviews, Members shall provide brief reports when there are any significant changes in their trade policies; an annual update of statistical information will be provided according to the

26、 agreed format. Particular account shall be taken of difficulties presented to least-developed country Members in compiling their reports. The Secretariat shall make available technical assistance on request to developing country Members, and in particular to the least developed country Members. Inf

27、ormation contained in reports should to the greatest extent possible be coordinated with notifications made under provisions of the Multilateral Trade Agreements and, where applicable, the Plurilateral Trade Agreements.E. Relationship with the balance-of-payments provisions of GATT 1994and GATSMembe

28、rs recognize the need to minimize the burden for governments also subject to full consultations under the balance-of-payments provisions of GATT 1994 or GATS. To this end, the Chairman of the TPRB shall, in consultation with the Member or Members concerned, and with the Chairman of the Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions, devise administrative arrangements that harmonize the normal rhythm of the trade policy reviews with the timetable for bala