英国历史-时间轴及事件

1、实用标准文案History of Britain - timeline and factsWoodlands Junior School is in the south-east corner of EnglandTimeline of theKings and QueensHistory of LondonHistory of the Union FlagThousands of years ago, Great Britain was joined to Europe and was covered with ice. About 15,000 years ago, the weather

2、 became warmer. The ice melted and the sea level rose. Great Britain became an island about 8000 years ago.Celtic people called Britons settles in Britain. They were warriors and farmers who were skilled metal workers. They built villages and hill forts, and used iron weapons and tools. Celts called

3、 Gaels lived in Ireland.PrehistoricBritain BCRoman Britain 43ADAnglo SaxonBritain 450Viking Bhtain793Medieval Bhtain 1066Tudor Bhtain1485Stuart Britain 1603Georgian Britain 1714Victorian Britain 1837Modern Britain 1902 +King and Queens of EnglandRomansSaxonsVikingsNormansTudorsVictoriansWW ll4345079

4、31066148518371939The first men and women came to Britain over two and a half million years ago. They were hunters and gatherers of food who used simple stone tools and weapons.The land bridge joining Britain to Europe is flooded as the sea level rises. Britain becomes an Island.New Stone Age begins:

5、 farming people arrive from Europe.First stone circles erected.Bronze Age beginsPeople learn to makebronze weaponsand toolsStonehenge completedTrade routes begin to formSmall Villages are first formedIron Age begins: iron replaces bronze as most useful metal.Population about 150,000.The Celtic peopl

6、e arrive from Central Europe.The Celts were farmers and lived in small village groups in the centre of their arable fields. They were also warlike people. The Celts fought against the people of Britain and other Celtic tribes.Romans SaxonsVikingsNormans TudorsVictoriansWW ll193943450793106614851837T

7、he Romanswere the first to invade us and cameto Britain nearly 2000 years ago. They changed our country. The RomanEmpire made its mark on Britain, and even today, the ruins of Roman buildings, forts, roads, and baths can be found all over Britain.Britain was part of the Roman Empire for almost 400 y

8、ears!By the time the Roman armies left around 410 AD, they had established medical practice, a language of administration and law and had created great public buildings and roads.Many English words are derived from the latin language of the Romans.Click here to find out more about the Romans in Brit

9、ain.BritainAbroad55BCJulius Caesar heads first Roman Invasion but later withdraws44BC44BCJulius Caesar is murdered in RomeAD3030JesusCrucified43Romans invade and Britain becomes part of the Roman Empire150London Founded61Boadicea leads the Iceni in revolt against the Romans70RomansconquerWales and t

10、he North76The EmperorHadrian is born 18080The Colosseum of Rome1completedr122 -128Emperor Hadrian builds a wall on the Scottish Border14 0Romans conquerScotland209St Alban becomes the 1st Christian martyr306Constantine the Great declared Emperor at York35 0The Picts and Scots attack the border401 -4

11、10The Romans withdraw from Britain:Anglo Saxons migrants begin to SettleClick here for Information on the RomansRomansSaxonsVikingsNormans Tudors VictoriansWW ll434507931066148518371939Anglo-Saxon BritainThe Romanarmy left Britain about AD410. Whenthey had gone there was no strong army to defend Bri

12、tain, and tribes called the Angle, Saxon, and Jute (the Anglo-Saxons) invaded. They left their homelands in northern Germany, Denmarkand northern Holland and rowed across the North Seain wooden boats.精彩文档The Anglo-Saxons ruled most of Britain but never conquered Cornwall in the south-west,Wales in t

13、he west, orScotland in the north. They divided the country into kingdoms.Missionaries from Romanspread Christianity across southern Britain.Read more about the Saxons on our Homework Help pages450 -750Invasion of the Jutes from Jutland, Angles from South of Denmark and Saxons from Germany.Britain is

14、 divided up into the Seven KingdomsofNorthumbria, Mercia, Wessex, Essex, Sussex and Kent.450 Saxons Hengist and Horsa settle in Kent.460 St Patrick returns to convert Ireland510597617The Battle of Mount Badon: British victory over the SaxonsSt Augustine brings Christianity to Britain from and become

15、s Archbishop of CanterburyNorthumbria becomes the Supreme Kingdom779Mercia becomes the Supreme Kingdom and King Offa builds a Dyke along the Welsh BorderClick here for Information on the SaxonsRomansSaxonsVikingsNormansTudorsVictoriansWW ll4345079310661485183719391Viking BritainThe Viking Age in Bri

16、tain began about 1,200 years ago in the 8th Century AD and lasted for 300 years.Read more .793First invasion by the Vikings1821Wessex becomes the Supreme KingdomL866 -77Invasion of the GreatDanish (Viking) Army.1867The Vikings take NorthumbriaIT"871King Alfred defeats the Vikings but allows the

17、m to settle in Eastern England886The North subjected to the Danelaw, the rules of the Vikings889The Anglo Saxon Chronicle startsIT"926Eastern England (Danelaw) is conquered by the Saxons101611042 r1055King Canute of Denmark captures the English CrownEdward the Confessor becomes KingWestminster

18、Abbey is completedClick here fo门nformation on the VikingsRomans» SaxonsVikingsNormansTudorsVictoriansWW ll434507931066148518371939The Middle Ages - Medieval Britain (Normans)The Middle Ages in Britain cover a huge period. They take us from the shock of theNorman Conquest, which began in1066, to

19、 the devasting Black Death of 1348, the Hundred Years' Warwith France and the Warof the Roses, which finally ended in 1485.The Normans built impressivecastles , imposed a feudalsystem and carried out a census of the country.1066The Battle of Stamford Bridge: Saxon victory over invading Vikings10

20、66The Battle of Hastings : The invading Normans defeat the SaxonsWilliam of Normandy defeats Harold with a lucky shot and becomes King of England - Norman Conquest1070Work starts on Canterbury Cathedral1078 .Work starts on The Tower of London.1080 -1100Great monastery and cathedral building begins10

21、86 The Domesday Bookis compiled, a complete inventory of Britain1154Work starts on York Minster1167Oxford University Founded1170Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomasa Becket is murdered by the knights of Henry II1170Population of London exceeds 30,000 for the first time1174Work starts on Wells Cathedral1

22、215Civil War1215The Magna Carta is signed by King John1220 .Work starts on Salisbury1282 -1283King Edward conquersWales. Llewellyn abGruffydd, the country's last prince is killed1296King Edward invadesScotland and takes the Stoneof Destiny from Scone to Westminster1297The Battle of Stirling Brid

23、geThe Scots under William Wallace defeat the English1298The Battle of Falkirk. King Edward defeats Wallace.1306Robert Bruce crowned King of theScots1314Scots led by Robert the Bruce defeat the English at the battle of Bannockburn1321-22Civil War1337King Edward claims the Throne ofFrance1337 -1453Hun

24、dred Years' War withFrance1348 -49The Black Death (bubonic plague) arrived in England and killed nearly half of the population1387Geoffrey Chaucer starts writing the Canterbury Tales1415English defeat the French at the battle of Agincourt1453The Hundred Years War againstFrance ends1587Queen Eliz

25、abeth I executes Mary, Queen of Scots1588The English defeat the Spanish Armada1591First performance of a play byWilliam Shakespeare1600First British involvement in the Indian continent - East India Company formed.Population of Britain just over 4 millionClick here foEnformation on the TudorsStuart B

26、ritainThe Stuarts had ruled Scotland since 1371, but James VI of Scotland was the first Stuart king ofEngland.1603James VI ofScotland becomes JamesI ofEngland uniting the two kingdoms1605Guy Fawkes is thwarted when he tries to blow up Parliament.1606The Union Flag adopted as the National Flag1620The

27、 Pilgrim Fathers set sail for NewEngland from Plymouth, aboard the 'Mayflower'1624-30War withSpain1626-9War withFrance1629Parliament dissolved by King Charles1642 -1651Civil War1649King Charles executed1649-1650Cromwell's conquest ofIreland1650 -1652Cromwell's conquest ofScotland1652

28、Tea arrives in BritainIn 1714 the British throne passed to a Germanfamily, the Hanoverians.George of Hanover, Germany succeeds Queen Anne to the ThroneSir Robert Walpole becomes the first PrimeMinisterBonnie Prince Charlie is defeated at the Battle of CullodenFirst canal in Britain is completedAmeri

29、ca declares independence from BritainIndustrial Revolution BeginsSteam powered cotton mill invented by Sir Richard ArkwrightFirst convict ships are sent to Australia1653Cromwell proclaimed Lord Protector1660Restoration of the Monarchy under King Charles II1664-1665The Great Plague breaks out and up

30、to 100,000 people die in London1666Great Fire of London1689English Bill of rights1689From now on England's monarchs would rule in partnership with Parliament. All Catholics barred from the English throne.1692William III massacres the Jacobites at Glencoe1707Act of Union betweenScotland andEnglan

31、d. The Scottish parliament was dissolved and England and Scotland became one country.Edward Jenner invented a vaccination against small poxAct of Union withIrelandThe first census. Population of Britain 8 millionIreland made part of the United KingdomRichard Trevithick built the first steam locomoti

32、veLord Nelson defeats Napoleon at the Battle ofTrafalgarAbolition of Slave TradeDuke of Wellington defeats Napoleon at the Battle of WaterlooWorld's first railway opens between Stockton and DarlingtonRobert Peel set up the Metropolitan Police forceThe Poor Law set up workhouses, where people wit

33、hout homesor jobs could live in return for doing unpaid work.Romans SaxonsVikingsNormansTudorsVictoriansWW ll4345079310661485183719391Victorian BritainxThe Victorians lived over one hundred and fifty years ago during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837 to 1901) and was a time of enormous change in thi

34、s country. In 1837 most people lived in villages and worked on the land; by 1901, most lived in towns and worked in offices, shops and factories.Readmore .1837Queen Victoria becomes Queen at the age of 181840The first postage stamps (Penny Post) came into use1842Mines Act ended child labour1845 -184

35、9Ireland suffered the Great Potato Famine when entire crops of potatoes, the staple Irish food, were ruined. The famine was a consequence of the appearance of blight, the potato fungus. About 800,000 people died as a result of the famine. A large number of people migrated to Britain, the United Stat

36、es, Canada and Australia.1850sThe first post boxes were built1851The Great ExhibitionCensus showed just over half of Britain's population (of 20 million) lived in towns1854Crimean War1854A cholera epidemic led to demands for a clean water supply and proper sewage systems in the big cities1856Bri

37、tain defeatsRussia in the Crimean War1860The first public flushing toilet opens1861 Death of Prince Albert1863London Underground opensThe foundation of the Football Association1868Joseph Lister discovers disinfectant1868The last public hanging1869The first Sainsbury's shop open in Dury Lane, Lon

38、don1870Education Act means school for everyone1871Queen Victoria opens the Albert Hall1876Alexander Bell invented the telephone Primary education was made compulsory1877The first public electric lighting in London1883First electric railway1887The invention of the gramophone18911901Free education for every childPopulation of Britain 40 millionClick here Information on the VictorianIModern Britain190219021914-19181920Britain defeats Dutch settlers in Boer War in