毕业设计论文 外文文献翻译 泄压阀的最低要求 中英文对照

1、浙江大学毕业设计（论文）外文翻译毕业设计（论文）题目： 水解反应釜设计 外文题目:MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES 译文题目： 泄压阀的最低要求 系 （部）： 机 械 系 专业班级：过程装备与控制工程0702 学生姓名： 指导教师： 指导教师评阅意见指导教师签字：年 月 日MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FORPRESSURE RELIEF VALVESUG-136(a) Mechanical RequirementsUG-136(a) (1) the design shall incorporate guiding ar

2、rangements necessary to ensure consistent operation and tightness.UG-136(a) (2) The spring shall be designed so that the full lift spring compression shall be no greater than 80% of the nominal solid defection. The permanent set of the spring (dened as the difference between the freeheight and heigh

3、t measured 10 min after the spring has been compressed solid three additional times after presetting at room temperature) shall not exceed 0.5% of the free height.UG-136(a)(3) Each pressure relief valve on air, water over 140°F (60°C), or steam service shall have a substantial lifting devi

4、ce， which when activated will release the seating force on the disk when the pressureRelief valve is subjected to a pressure of at least 75% of the set pressure of the valve. Pilot operated pressure relief valves used on these services shall be provided with either a lifting device as described abov

5、e or means for connecting and applying pressure to the pilot adequate to verify that the moving parts critical to proper operation are free to move.UG-136(a) (4) the seat of a pressure relief valve shall be fastened to the body of the pressure relief valve in such a way that there is no possibility

6、of the seat lifting.UG-136(a) (5) in the design of the body of the pressure relief valve, consideration shall be given to minimizing the effects of deposits.UG-136(a) (6) Pressure relief valves having screwed inlet or outlet connections shall be provided with wrenching surfaces to allow for normal i

7、nstallation without damaging operating parts.UG-136(a) (7) Means shall be provided in the design of all pressure relief valves for use under this Division for sealing all initial adjustments which can be made without disassembly of the valve. Seals shall be installed by the Manufacturer or Assembler

8、 at the time of initial adjustment. Seals shall be installed in a manner to prevent changing the adjustment without breaking the seal. For pressure relief valves larger Than NPS 1|2 (DN 15), the seal shall serve as a means of identifying the Manufacturer Or Assembler making the initial adjustment.UG

9、-136(a) (8) If the design of a pressure relief valve is such that liquid can collect on the discharge side of the disk, except as permitted in (a)(9) below, the valve shall be equipped with a drain at the lowest point where liquid can collect (for installation, see UG-135).UG-136(a) (9) Pressure rel

10、ief valves that cannot be equipped with a drain as required in (a) (8) above because of design or application may be used provided:(a) The pressure relief valves are used only on gas service where there is neither liquid discharged from the valve nor liquid formed by condensation on the discharge si

11、de of the valve; and(b) the pressure relief valves are provided with a cover or discharge piping per UG-135(f) to prevent liquid or other contaminant from entering the discharge side of the valve; and(c) The pressure relief valve is marked FOR GAS SERVICE ONLY in addition to the requirements of UG-1

12、29.UG-136(a) (10) for pressure relief valves of the diaphragm type, the space above the diaphragm shall be vented to prevent a buildup of pressure above the diaphragm. Pressure relief valves of the diaphragm type shall be designed so that failure or deterioration of the diaphragm material will not i

13、mpair the ability of the valve to relieve at the rated capacity.UG-136(b) Material SelectionsUG-136(b) (1) Cast iron seats and disks are not permitted.UG-136(b) (2) Adjacent sliding surfaces such as guides and disks or disk holders shall both be of corrosion resistant material. Springs of corrosion

14、resistant material or having a corrosion resistant coating are required. The seats and disks of pressure relief valves shall be of suitable material to resist corrosion by the uid to be contained.NOTE: The degree of corrosion resistance, appropriate to the intendedservice, shall be a matter of agree

15、ment between the manufacturer andThe purchaser.UG-136(b)(3) Materials used in bodies and bonnets or yokes shall be listed in Section II and this Division.Carbon and low alloy steel bodies, bonnets, yokes and bolting (UG-20) subject to in-service temperatures colder than 20°F(30°C) shall me

16、et the requirements of UCS-66, unless exempted by the following.(a) The coincident ratio dened in Fig. UCS-66.1 is 0.35 or less.(b) The material(s) is exempted from impact testing per Fig. UCS-66.UG-136(b) (4) Materials used in nozzles, disks, and other parts contained within the external structure

17、of the pressure relief valves shall be one of the following categories:(a) Listed in Section II;(b) listed in ASTM specications;(c) Controlled by the Manufacturer of the pressure relief valve by a specication ensuring control of chemical and physical properties and quality at least equivalent to AST

18、M standards.UG-136(c) Inspection of Manufacturing and/or Assembly of Pressure Relief ValvesUG-136(c)(1) A Manufacturer or Assembler shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of a representative from an ASME designated organization that his manufacturing, production, and testing facilities and quality co

19、ntrol procedures will insure close agreement between the performance of random production samples and the performance of those valves submitted for Capacity Certication.UG-136(c) (2) Manufacturing, assembly, inspection, and test operations including capacity are subject to inspections at any time by

20、 a representative from an ASME designated organization.UG-136(c) (3) A Manufacturer or Assembler may be granted permission to apply the UV Code Symbol to production pressure relief valves capacity certied in accordance with UG-131 provided the following tests areSuccessfully completed. This permissi

21、on shall expire on the fth anniversary of the date it is initially granted. The permission may be extended for 5 year periods if the following tests are successfully repeated within the 6-month period before expiration.(a) Two sample production pressure relief valves of a size and capacity within th

22、e capability of an ASME accepted laboratory shall be selected by a representative from an ASME designated organization.(b) Operational and capacity tests shall be conducted in the presence of a representative from an ASME designated organization at an ASME accepted laboratory. The pressure relief va

23、lve Manufacturer or Assembler shall be noticed of the time of the test and may have representatives present to witness the test. Pressure relief valves having an adjustable blow down construction shall be adjusted by the Manufacturer or Assembler following successful testing for operation but prior

24、to ow testing so that the blow down does not exceed 7% of the set pressure or 3 psi (20 kPa), whichever is greater. This adjustment may be made on the ow test facility.(c) Should any pressure relief valve fail to relieve at or above its certied capacity or should it fail to meet performance requirem

25、ents of this Division, the test shall be repeated at the rate of two replacement pressure relief valves, selected in accordance with (c)(3)(a) above, forEach pressure relief valve that failed.(d) Failure of any of the replacement pressure relief valves to meet the capacity or the performance require

26、ments of this Division shall be cause for revocation within 60 days of the authorization to use the Code Symbol on that particular type of pressure relief valve. During this period, the Manufacturer or Assembler shall demonstrate the cause of such decadency and the action taken to guard against futu

27、re occurrence, and the requirements of (c) (3) above shall apply.UG-136(c) (4) Use of the Code Symbol Stamp by an Assembler indicates the use of original, unnoticed parts in strict accordance with the instructions of the Manufacturer of the pressure relief valve.(a) An assembler may transfer origina

28、l and unnoticed pressure relief parts produced by the Manufacturer to other Assemblers provided the following conditions are met:(1) Both Assemblers have been granted permission to apply the V or UV Code Symbol to the specic valve type in which the parts are to be used;(2) The Quality Control System

29、 of the Assembler receiving the pressure relief valve parts shall dene the controls for the procurement and acceptance of those parts; and(3) The pressure relief valve parts are appropriately packaged, marked, or sealed by the Manufacturer to ensure that the parts are:(a) Produced by the Manufacture

30、r; and(b) The parts are original and unnoticed. However, an Assembler may convert original nished parts by machining to another nished part for a specic application under the following conditions:(1) Conversions shall be specied by the Manufacturer. Drawings and/or written instructions used for part

31、 conversion shall be obtained from the Manufacturer and shall include a drawing or description of the converted Part before and after machining.(2) The Assemblers quality control system, as accepted by a representative from an ASME designated organization, must describe in detail the conversion of o

32、riginal parts, provisions for inspection and acceptance, personnel training, and control of current ManufacturersDrawings and/or written instructions.(3) The Assembler must document each use of a converted part and that the part was used in strict accordance with the instructions of the Manufacturer

33、.(4) The Assembler must demonstrate to the Manufacturer the ability to perform each type of conversion. The Manufacturer shall document all authorizations granted to perform part conversions. The ManufacturerAnd Assembler shall maintain a le of such authorizations.(5) At least annually a review shal

34、l be performed by the Manufacturer of an Assemblers system and machining capabilities. The Manufacturer shall document the results of these reviews. A copy of this documentation shall be kept on le by the Assembler. The review results shall be made available to a representative from an ASME designat

35、ed organization.UG-136(c) (5) In addition to the requirements of UG-129, the marking shall include the name of the Manufacturer and the nalAssembler. The Code Symbol Stamp shall be that of the nal Assembler.NOTE: Within the requirements of UG-136(c) and (d): A Manufacturer is dened as a person or or

36、ganization who is completely responsible for design, material selection, capacity cortication, manufacture of all component parts, assembly, testing, sealing, and shipping of pressure relief valves credited under this Division. An Assembler is dened as a person or organization who purchases or recei

37、ves from a Manufacturer or another Assembler the necessary component parts or pressure relief valves and assembles, adjusts, tests, seals, and ships pressure relief valves credited under this Division, at a geographical location other than and using facilities other than those used by the Manufactur

38、er. An Assembler may be organizationally independent of a Manufacturer or may be wholly or partly owned by a Manufacturer. UG-136(d) Production Testing by Manufacturers and AssemblersUG-136(d) (1) each pressure relief valve to which the Code Symbol Stamp is to be applied shall be subjected to the fo

39、llowing tests by the Manufacturer or Assembler. A Manufacturer or Assembler shall have a documented program for the application, calibration, and maintenanceOf gages and instruments used during these tests.UG-136(d)(2) The primary pressure parts of each pressure relief valve exceeding NPS 1 (DN 25)

40、inlet size or 300 psi (2100 MPa) set pressure where the materials used are either cast or welded shall be tested at a pressureOf at least 1.5 times the design pressure of the parts. These tests shall be conducted after all machining operations on the parts have been completed. There shall be no visi

41、ble sign of leakage.UG-136(d) (3) the secondary pressure zone of each closed bonnet pressure relief valve exceeding NPS 1 (DN 25) inlet size when such pressure relief valves are designed for discharge to a closed system shall be testedWith air or other gas at a pressure of at least 30 psi (200 kPa).

42、 There shall be no visible sign of leakage.UG-136(d) (4) each pressure relief valve shall be tested to demonstrate its popping or set pressure. Pressure relief valves marked for steam service or having special internal parts for steam service shall be tested with steam, except that pressure relief v

43、alves beyond the capability Of the production steam test facility either because of size or set pressure may be tested on air. Necessary corrections for differentials in popping pressure between steam and air shall be established by the Manufacturer and applied to the popping point on air. Pressure

44、relief valves marked for gas or vapor may be tested with air. Pressure relief Valves marked for liquid service shall be tested with water or other suitable liquid. When a valve is adjusted to correct for service conditions of superimposed back pressure, temperature, or the differential in popping pr

45、essure between steam and air, the actual test pressure (cold differential test pressure) shall be marked on the valve perUG-129. Test xtures and test drums where applicable shall be of adequate size and capacity to ensure that pressure relief valve action is consistent with the stamped set pressure

46、within the tolerances required by UG-134(d).UG-136(d) (5) after completion of the tests required by (d) (4) above, a seat tightness test shall be conducted. Unless otherwise designated by a Manufacturers published pressure relief valve specication or another specication agreed to by the user, the se

47、at tightness test and acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with API 527.UG-136(d) (6) Testing time on steam pressure relief valves shall be sufficient, depending on size and design, to insure that test results are repeatable and representative of held performance.UG-136(e) Design Requirements.

48、 At the time of the submission of pressure relief valves for capacity cortication, or testing in accordance with (c) (3) above, the ASME designated organization has the authority to Review the design for conformity with the requirements of UG-136(a) and UG-136(b) and to reject or require medication

49、of designs which do not conform, prior to capacity testing.UG-136(f) Welding and Other Requirements.All welding, brazing, heat treatment, and nondestructive examination used in the construction of bodies, bonnets, and yokes shall be performed in accordance with the Applicable requirements of this Di

50、vision.Selections from：ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE AN INTERNATIONAL CODE泄压阀的最低要求UG(a)136机械需求 UG 136(a)（1）设计应纳入指导和进行必要安排以确保一致的行动 和密封性。UG 136（a）（2）弹簧的设计应使全面弹力压缩不大于固体变形尺寸的80%弹簧的残余变形（定义是：在室温下预先设定后，弹簧的自由高度与常温强压处理后压并三次再放开10min后测量的高度之差）不得超过自由高度的0.5 UG 136（a）（3）每个泄压阀，在空气中，超过140华氏度（60）的热水或蒸汽系统中都应装有可

51、靠的提升装置。当安全阀将受到至少75的阀的设定压力时，提升机构动作，释放阀座上的密封力。用于这些工况上的导阀应有如上描述的提升机构或有施加压力的装置，以验证该运动部件正常运行可自由移动。UG 136（a）（4）泄压阀座应固定在泻压阀体上，在这样一种方式下，没有座移动的可能性。UG-136（a）（5）在泄压阀体的设计中，应考虑到尽量减少沉积的影响。UG 136（a）（6）泄压阀有螺纹连接的入口或出口，应该具有扳手拧转面，以便正常安装而不损坏工作部件。UG 136（a）（7）这种方法提供的设计可以运用在所有泄压阀上，密封所有初步调整而没有阀的拆卸过程。密封应由制造商或汇编在最初的调整中进行。密封应

52、以一种好的方式安装来阻止初调的改变而不破坏密封的调整。为了泄压阀更实用该密封应作为一种方式来识别制造商或汇编程序作出的初步调整。UG 136（a）（8）除了下面（a）(9)允许的之外，如果泄压阀的设计要使液体在阀瓣的泄放侧汇集，则应在汇集液面的最低处设置一个排放管（安装，见UG-135）UG 136（a）（9）泄压阀因为设计或使用的原因不能按上面（a）（8）的要求设置排放口，可以使用，但：（1）泄压阀只应用在气体的传送上在那里既没有液体排出也没有液体的形成（2）泄压阀按UG-135（f）设计一个盖子和排放管道以防止液体或其他污染物的排放进入侧阀门; （3）泄压阀除了满足UG-129要求外还应标

53、志“仅用于气体工况”字样UG 136（a）（10）对于隔膜式类型的泄压阀 ，膈膜以上的空间应 通气，以防止上部隔膜压力的产生。隔膜式的压力调节阀应该被设计成在隔膜材料失效或损坏时，不影响在额定排量下阀的泄放能力。 UG 136（b）材料的选择 UG 136（b）（1）铸铁支座和阀瓣是不允许的UG的136（b）（2）相邻滑动面，如导向套，阀瓣或阀瓣夹持器，都应使用腐蚀耐磨材料。弹簧应由腐蚀耐磨材料或在弹簧上涂一层耐腐蚀涂料制成。该泄压阀的支座和阀瓣盘，应由能耐贮存介质腐蚀的合成材料制成。注意：适合使用条件的耐腐蚀程度，应由制造商和买方之间协议事项 UG 136（b）（3）阀体及阀盖或阀轭应是应是

54、列于第二卷或本册的材料。操作温度低于-20F(-29C)的碳钢和低合金钢。阀体、阀座、阀轭、和螺栓（UG-20）应符合UCS-66的要求，下面的豁免除外：（a）按图UCS-66.1定义的相应比值小于等于0.35（b）按图UCS-66材料不受冲击试验。 UG的136（b）（4）用于接管，阀瓣及泄压装置的其他外部构件材料应属于下列类别之一：（1）列于第二卷的材料; （2）列于ASTM标准中的材料; （3）由泄压阀出版商控制的材料，其化学，物理和质量规范的控制等效于ASTM标准。 UG的136（c）泄压阀的制造和检查UG的136（c）（1）制造厂或装配厂应向ASME指定组织的代表表明其制造业， 生产

55、，检测设备和质量控制程序能保证产品抽样的性能与为排量验证提交的那些阀的性能是一致的。UG的136（c）（2）制造，装配， 检查和测试业务，包括能力将在任何时间受到检查由ASME指定机构的代表。UG的136（c）（3）如果下述试验全部合格，制造厂或装配厂可以将UV规范标志用于生产的按UG-131验证排量的泄压阀。该授权在初始批准5周年后的那一天失效，如果在失效前6个月内下列试验重复合格的可延长5年有效期。（a）再生产的泄压阀（尺寸和排量在ASME认可的实验室能力范围内）中，由ASME指定机构的代表选择两个泄压阀样品（b）操作和排量测试应在ASME认可的实验室有ASME指定机构代表在场进行。应通知泄压阀制造厂或装备厂试验的时间，制造厂或装备厂可派人到现场观察实验。具有泻放可调结构的泄压阀应有制造厂或装配厂在操作试验合格后但在流量试验之前进行调整，使泄放压力不超过调定压力的7%或3PSI(20.6Kpa)，取两者中较大者，这一调解可在流量试验装置上进行。（c）如果任何泄压阀在等于或高于其认证的能力范围内不能缓解或者不能满足其性能要求，则应该取不合格泄压阀的两倍数量进行复试按上面的（c）（3）（a）取样。 （d）如果还不能符合其标志排量或本册的性能要求，则应当撤销在60天的授权使用，在这一时期，制造厂应说明故障产生的原因