定语从句巧记口诀

1、定语从句巧记口诀1定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号；定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系；2关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；which 表物人用 who,人物都有 that 顾；which 用在逗号后，意表前句你要 know;who 做主语很称职，whom 用到宾语里；3. that 用法真有趣， 两个地方它不去； 逗号后边它不去， 介词之后不考虑；4. That which 代表物，区别听我来叙述；先行若是不定代，that 就把 which 踹； 先行词前有两数， 就用 that 定无误；先行词前最高级，还用 that 必无疑；句中若有 there be, that

2、应把 which 替； 先行主中做表语，避免重复从句里；（Just the only very same last，其后也要用 that;）5. 指人可用 that who,以下情况多用 who; Those people 做先行，There be 的结构中； 先行指人不定代，从中做主 who 要在；两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才；6. 定从之中少定语，whose 为你唱一曲；Whose 指人又指物，所属关系要记住。7. As/which 在句末，若有否定 as 错；句首只能用 as 还有认知猜想词；固定结构用 as, the same /such/so/as;So /suchthat 宾不离

3、，so/suchas 宾要弃；8. 关系代词到这里，主宾表定作用起； 关系代词做宾语，省与不省全靠你；9. 关系副词 when/where/why,从中做状莫懈怠；时间用 when 原因 why,地点 where 经常在；关系副词可替换，介词加上关系代；关系代，关系代，that 与 who 要除外；挑选介词要聪明，必看动词和先行；聪明反被聪明误，只因乱用关系副；关系副，关系副，定缺主宾它不住；它不住，它不住，关系代词来玩酷；10. 只记上边不可以，特殊情况告诉你；先行用 way 做状语，in which/ that /略可以；one of +复做先行，从中谓语复数明，one 前若有 only/

4、very,从中谓语定用单；定从名从可转换，all that 被 what 换；定语从句巧记口诀分段解析：1.定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号；定语从句分为两大类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，区分它们有两个标准：1）从内容上看，限制性定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系紧密，不可去掉，去掉后意思就不 完整了；非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明的作用，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。2 从形式上看，限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号隔开，而非限制性定语从句与先行词 之间有逗号隔开。请看例句：The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.限制性）The g

5、irl, who is also a student, is planting trees in the field.非限制性）解析：第一句中的 who is wearing a blue necklace 是限制性定语从句，没有逗号，不能去掉, 否则意思不完整。定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；例句：1）There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 有人要和你讲话。2) Those who were for the plan raised their han d 那些赞成计划的举起了手。3) This no vel, which I hav

6、e read three times, is very touch ing.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。解析：例句中 somebody those 是代词，novel 是名词，是被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词， 可以做先行词的是名词和代词两类。定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系；定语从句都在先行词之后，连接定从和先行词的词，叫做关系词。关系词有两类：关系代词和关系副词。关系词要注意两点：1 它的人称、数和意思完全等同于先行词，2)关系词在定语从句中做一定的句子成分。例句 1) The boys who are playi ng football are from Class One.正在踢足球

7、的男生们是一班的。解析：who= boys ,在定语从句中做主语，所以其后谓语用areo例句 2) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩子喜欢的运动。解析：which=game,在定语从句中做主语。例句 3) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.我仍然还记得第一次到学校的那一天。解析：when 是关系副词=on the day,在定语从句中做时间状语。例句 4) The house where I lived ten years ago has

8、 been pulled down.十年前我居住的房子已经被拆了。解析：where 是关系副词=in the house,在定语从句中做地点状语。例句 5) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因。解析：why 是关系副词=for the reason,在定语从句中做原因状语。2.关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；六个关系代词是：that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as， 注意关系代词在定语从句中做主宾表定语。 which 表物，人用who,人物都有 that 顾；先行词是物，关系代

9、词用 which，也可以用 that;先行词是人，关系代词用 who 也可以用 that; 先行词中既有人，又有物，关系代词只能用thato例句 1) This is the mountain village (which/ that ) I visited last year.这就是我去年参观的那个山村。解析：先行词 mountain village 是物，可用 which 或 that,因为定语从句中 visit 后缺宾语，说 明 which或 that 应该在定从中做宾语，所以还可以省略。例句 2) The man(that/whom / who ) you met just now i

10、s my friend.你刚刚见到的那个人是我的 朋友。解析：先行词 man 表人，关系词可以用 who/that/whom,因为定语从句中缺宾语，关系代词应该在定语从句中做宾语，所以可以省略；另外， whom 是专门用来做宾语用的，而 who 则 只是在口语中才用。例句 3)This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that) teaches us history 这本杂志是我们历史 老师的。解析：先行词 teacher 是人，关系代词用 who 或 that,因为在定语从句中做主语，所以不能省 略。例句 4) He talked about the

11、teachers and schools (that) he had visite(他谈到了他所见到的老师 和学校。解析：先行词 the teachers and schools 中既有人又有物，关系代词只能用 that,又因为 that 在定语从句中做宾语，所以又可以省略。 which 用在逗号后，意表前句你要 know;这是 which 用在非限制性定语从句中的一个用法。例句 1) He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。解析：which 是关系代词，指代前面的一

12、句话：他似乎没抓住我的意思。例句 2) Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。解析：which 是关系代词，指代前面的一句话：液态水变为蒸汽。who 做主语很称职，whom 用到宾语里；先行词是表示人的词，定语从句中如果缺主语，要用who 做关系代词，如果缺宾语，正规场合下用 whom, 口语中也可以用 who。例句 1)He is the boy who often goes to school late.他就是那个经常上学迟到的男生。解析：先行词 the boy 指人，后面的定语从

13、句中缺少主语，因此用关系代词who。例句 2)She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.她就是我今天早晨看到的那位老太太。解析： 先行词 the old woman 指人， 后面的定语从句中缺少宾语， 所以用 whom,口语中也可以 用 who。3.that 用法真有趣， 两个地方它不去； 逗号后边它不去， 介词之后不考虑；That 做为关系代词，不可用在非限制性定语从句中，即不可用在逗号后边；定语从句中介词 之后也不可使用。在逗号或介词后，指物时用which,指人时用 who 或 whom。例句 1)They arrived at a farm

14、house, in front of_sat a little boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that解析：在介词 of 之后指物，选择 C which0例句 2) The engineer with_ my father works is about 50 years old.A. whose B. who C. which D. whom解析：选择 D whomo介词后指人。例句 3) The letter is from my sister,_is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who解析：选

15、择 D whoo逗号后指人，在定语从句中做主语。4.That which 代表物，区别听我来叙述；先行若是不定代，that 就把 which 踹；当先行词为 anything，everything，nothing，all，any，much，many，one 等不定代词时，只能使用“ that” ,不用 “which ”。例：Is there anything that I can do for you?我能给你做点什么吗？先行词前有两数，就用 that 定无误；当先行词是基数词或序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”，不用“which”。例句： That is the sec ond time t

16、hat I have bee n to Japan 那是我去日本的第二次。The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week.坐落在泰晤士河岸边的那两座大楼上星期倒塌了。先行词前最高级，还用 that 必无疑；当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that” ,不用“which”。例句：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.这是我度过的最美好的时光。句中若有 there be, that 应把 which 替；例: There

17、is no evidenee that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sense allowing them to predictnatural disasters.说动物拥有神秘的第六感，可以预知自然灾害，这是没有根据的。先行主中做表语，避免重复从句里；例句：1)This is not the hospital that it used to be.这已经不再是以前那座医院了。2) Mr. Thoms on is not the man that he was.汤姆森先生已经不再是以前的他了。解析：定语从句的先行词均在主句中做表语 例句： Which

18、is the course that we are to take ?我们要学哪门课？解析：句中已有 which,后面不再用 which,避免重复用 that。(Just the only very same last，其后也要用 that;)先行词前有 Just、 the only、 very、 same、 last 等词， 关系代词用 that， 不用 which。例句： 1) The NorthPole is the only place that you can see polar bears.北极是唯一能见到北极熊的地方。2)This is the same bike that he

19、 lost.这就是他丢了的那辆自行车。注意区分：3) This is the same bike as he lost.这辆自行车和他丢的那辆一样。(但不是)5.指人可用 that who,以下情况多用 who;Those people 做先行，There be 的结构中；例句：1) Those who are for the pla n, please raise your han ds.赞成计划的人请举手。2) People who create computer viruses are called hackers.制造电脑病毒的人被称为黑客。3) There was once a li

20、ttle boy who came to the net bar to play games every ni ght.曾经有一个小男孩每天晚上都来网吧玩游戏。先行指人不定代，从中做主 who 要在；先行词是指人的不定代词，女口 one、some one、anyone、n obody 等词，或指人的关系代词在定语从句中做主语，要用 who,而不用 that。例句：1) Nobody who knows a little scientific knowledge will believe you.懂得一点科学知识的人都不 会相信你的话。解析：nobody 是指人的不定代词，用 who,不用 th

21、at。2) The thief who pretended to be a manager was caught stealing a car.那个装扮成经理的贼在偷车时被当场抓获。解析：who 指人，在定语从句中做主语。两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才；一个先行词有两个定语从句时，关系代词要避免重复使用。A pla nt that can cure diseases, which was known by the an cie nt Chin ese , is called Chin ese herbalmedici ne. 一种能够治病的，被古代中国人所熟知的植物，叫做中药。6. 定从之中少

22、定语，whose 为你唱一曲；Whose 指人又指物，所属关系要记住。Whose 也是一个关系代词，在定语从句中做定语，表示人与人、人与物或物与物之间的所属关系，特别要注意，物与物之间的关系也用whoseo 例句 1)ls there anyone in your class whosefamily is in the coun try?解析：anyone 是先行词，whose=anyonW s，在定语从句中做定语。例句 2) Pass me the book whose cover is red.解析：the book 是先行词，whose=the book s,在定语从句中做定语。7. A

23、s/which 在句末，若有否定 as 错；as 和 which 都可指代前面一句话，请看例句：1) Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.爱丽丝受到了她老板的邀请，这使她感到吃惊。2) The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.天气结果变好了，这是我们没有预料到的。若有否定 as 错；3)_ The result of the experime nt was verygood,_we

24、had nt expected.A. when B. that C. which D. what【简析】答案是 C。由于非限定性定语从句是否定结构，只能用which 引导，不能用 as 来替代 which。句首只能用 as 还有认知猜想词；置于句首时，非限定性定语从句只能用as 引导。例如：As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every mon th.众所周知，月亮每月绕地球一周。与表示认知猜想的词，如 know, expect, see, report,连用时，要用 a1) As we know, s

25、moking is harmful to ones health.我们知道，吸烟对健康有害。2) As is expected, his daughter entered a key university.正如人们所期望的那样，他的女儿考入了一所重点大学。固定结构用 as, the same /such/so/as;1 在 the sameas.结构中。意思是“像.一样的”。例如：Chongqing is not the same city as we have see n in other places.重庆和我们在其它地方看过的城市不一样。注意区分:the same.that.，请看例句：

26、This is the same pen that I lost.这正是我所丢的钢笔。（同一）This is the same pen as I lost .这支钢笔和我丢的那支一样。（相似，不是一个）2） 在 as.as 结构中，意思是“像那样的”。例如：No period in history has had as many importa nt cha nges_have take n place in the pastcen tury.没有哪个历史阶段像过去的一个世纪这样有如此多的重大变化。3） 在 suchas结构中，意思是“像. 那样的”。例如：Mathilde had to wo

27、rk hard day and ni ght and bought such a diam ond n ecklace as she had lost topay back to Jea nne.马帝尔德不得不日日夜夜地干活，来买一个像被她丢掉的那样的钻石项链还给让。So /suchthat 宾不离，so/suchas 宾要弃；在 so/suchthat 结构中，that 后引导的不是定语从句，而是状语从句，从句中必须有宾语；在 so/such-as 结构中，as 后引导的是定语从句，从句中不带宾语。例如:1）Hestudies in such a good school that all o

28、ther students in his village admire him.他在那样好的一所学校学习，以至于村子里其他的学生都很羡慕他。解析：that 后是状语从句，状语从句中有宾语him。2） He studies in such a good school as all other students in his village admire.他在那样好的一所学校学习，村里的其它学生都很羡慕那所学校。解析：as 后是定语从句,as 代替先行词 school,在定语从句中做 admire 的宾语。8. 关系代词到这里，主宾表定作用起；关系代词做宾语，省与不省全靠你；到此为止，我们一共学了

29、六个关系代词，分别是：which, that, who, whom, whose, as 这些关系代词在定语从句中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词which/ that/ whom 做宾语时，可以省略。9. 关系副词 when/where/why,从中做状莫懈怠； 时间用 when 原因 why,地点 where 经常在；定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where 和 why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和 原因状语。when 指时间， where 指地点，why 表原因。例如：vpl still remember the day whe n I firstcame to B

30、eiji ng.我仍然记得我初次到北京的那天。The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.他父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的西郊。That is the reas on why I did the job.那就是我为什么干这个活的原因。关系副词可替换，介词加上关系代；关系副词可以由介词加上 which 来替换。例如：1) This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.在这句中，where= in which2) Do you remember the d

31、ay whe n (on which) you joined our club?在这句中，when= on which3) This is the reason why (for which) he came late.在这句中，reas on= for which关系代，关系代，that 与 who 要除外；挑选介词要聪明，必看动词和先行；介词后可用关系代词，但只能用which 或 whom，不能用 that 和 who。那么，这个介词怎么选呢？其一，可以看定语从句中的谓语动词；其二，可以看先行词。例如：1) The pain from which the poor suffered in

32、this area has attracted the attention of the public.本句中用 from 力卩 which, from 与定语从句中的谓语动词搭配，suffer from。2) En glish is a useful tool in which I can com muni cate with foreig n frie nds.本句中用 in 加 which,和先行词搭配，先行词表语言，因此用 in。聪明反被聪明误，只因乱用关系副；关系副，关系副，定缺主宾它不住；它不住，它不住，关系代词来玩酷；关系副词在定语从句中是做状语的，where 做地点状语，whe

33、n 做时间状语，why 做原因状语， 但要特别注意，如果定语从句中所缺的不是状语，而是主语、宾语或表语，就不要用关系副 词，而要用关系代词。例如：1) I still remember the days_we spe nt together in the mountains last summer.先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分，spent 是及物动词，缺宾语，因此不能填 when,而要用关 系代词which 或 that。2)_This is the househis grandfather once lived in.先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分，lived in,明显缺宾语，in 是介

34、词，介词后应该有宾语，所以不能填 where,而要用 which 或 that。3)Is that the reason_you explained to the teacher for your being late for school?先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分，explain 后应该跟双宾语，缺少一个宾语，因此不能用why,而要用 which 或 that。10. 只记上边不可以，特殊情况告诉你；先行用 way 做状语，in which/ that /略可以，先行词是 way,表示方式，在定语从句中做方式状语，其后的关系词可以有三种处理方式，即：in which/ that 或省略

35、。例句：I like the way he smiles.I like the way that he smiles.I like the way in which he smiles.one of +复做先行，从中谓语复数明，one 前若有 only/ very,从中谓语定用单；例句：Li ng Qi ng is one of the volun teers who are ready to go to the coun tryside.Ling Qi ng is the on ly one of the volun teers who is ready to go to the coun

36、tryside.定从名从可转换，all that 被 what 换；名词性从句中的 what/whatever/whoever 等词， 在句中做主语、 宾语或表语时， 可以转换成定 语从句。例句：1) I don t believe whatever he says.= I dont believe angy(tHiat) he says.2) Whoever breaks the law will be puni shed.= Anyone who breaks the law will be puni shed.3) The driver didn htear what the polic

37、eman said. = The driver didn htear the words that thepolicema n said.4) The students can do all (that) they can to help the old teacher. =The students can do what theycan to help the old teacher.定语从句练习题：1. There is somebody here_ wants to speak to you.A. that B. who C. which D. when2. Charles Smith,

38、_ was my former teacher, retired last year.A. whoB. thatC. which D. whom3. This no vel,_ I have read three times, is very touchi ng.A. thatB. /C. which D. what4. He seems not to have grasped what I meant,_ greatly upsets me.A. whatB. who C. whomD. which5. Do you like the book_color is yellow?A. which B. which s C. whoseD. whom6. The school in_he once studied is very famous.A. where B. which C. that D. who7. We ll go to hear the famous sin ger_ we have ofte n talked abouA. for whom B. on who C. / D. which8. He loved his parents deeply, both of_ are very kind to him.A. them B. that C. who D. wh