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1、Huma nism Ideal - Utopia in the Eyes of Thomas More1. The Origin of Thomas More's UtopiaThe word "utopia" comes from the no vel "Utopia" by British Imagist Thomas Moore, which means "a place that does not exist." For a long time, people have a wrong understanding of

2、 "utopia", that is, their understanding of "materialization" as synonymous with the perfect ideal society. The utopia of utopia n society itself makes it illusory and in effectual. Therefore, in the system of people's value judgme nts, the term "utopia" has two oppo

3、site meanin gs: one refers to any place or realm perfected; the sec ond refers to a false, un realistic daydream .In the preface to the "History of Utopian Thinking," Professor Hechler of the University of Wisconsin at the University of Wisconsin wrote: "It seems that no one has ever

4、taken these Utopian writings seriously, and even the scholars have not paid much attention to them." The equality and democracy in the ancient Greek city-states System and the spiritual core of Greek spirit gave birth to the earliest huma ni stic thought. The "Pelop onn esia n War" br

5、oke out betwee n 431 BC and 404 BC. The urba n and rural areas in Athe ns were ruined and the people were displaced. The decli ne of the city-state in Athens and the collapse of social morals caused strong dissatisfaction with the social reality. At that time, scholars turned their exploration of th

6、e world and life to the concern about social issues and political reform. Plato (427 BC to 347 BC) was a famous Greek philosopher and was also the first political philosopher left in the history of western thought to leave a complete book. Many scholars regard Plato as the originator of the Western

7、utopian tradition. His masterpiece "The Dreamland" twists and turns the author's concern about the calamity of Athe ns.2. Thomas More's Utopia reflects huma nismHowever, the true moder n Utopia n literature was started by Thomas More (1478-1535) in the UK. Because of his original U

8、topia narrative style to describe his own utopian literature, utopian literature has since become Western literature A unique style of literature in history. Thomas More was the most famous early huma nist in Brita in. He was deeply in flue need by the Ren aissa nce trend and devoted himself to the

9、study of philosophy and literature in ancient Greece. The "Utopia" embodies Thomas Mor's huma ni stic thought.3. Thomas Moore Huma nism Utopia's social and cultural conno tati onIn the medieval Christian world, one of the major characteristics of spiritual life is absolute un ity.

10、Con tempt for secular life is a uni versal thought at that time. Such a social environment is not con ducive to the developme nt of utopia n ideas. Therefore, duri ng the Middle Ages, utopia nism was extremely poor. "The shadow of even a small but in sig ni fica nt Utopia n writi ng can not be

11、seen after a period of nearly a thousand years, after the advent of the city of God of Augustine." "Any idea of Christianity toward the world and of mankind is based on Condemning the human nature degenerated by 'original sin.' "The premise of utopia, on the other hand, is tha

12、t human n ature is good, in the sense that the opposite is true betwee n the con cepts of religi on and utopia, and that utopia is an ideal society of people, not Fan tasy of the afterlife and paradise. Kuma said that there is a fun dame ntal fun dame ntal con tradict ion betwee n religio n and utop

13、ia, that religio n focuses on the afterlife, and that the utopian concern is now. So Cooma believes secularism and an ti-religi on are at the core of the utopia n no tio n.4. Thomas More's Utopia in flue nee and sig nifica neeUtopia was designed to be a "rational kingdom." In More'

14、s view, social conflicts should be attributed to the people's poverty, ignorance, vanity and greed. Therefore, in the utopian society, people do not wear fancy and fashi on able clothes to cultivate con tempt for gold and silver. Such as eati ng things with pottery and the like, toilet supplies

15、only gold and silver product ion. Utopia ns also have gold n ecklaces, but they are very thick and heavy, and they are used to cover crim in als and slaves to preve nt them from running away .In the utopia, agriculture is highly regarded and each must have at least two years of agricultural work. Ut

16、opia attaches great importanee to n atio nal educatio n and academic research, especially childre n'slear ning and educati on, but alsoattaches importanee to their moral education and training. In order to prevent people from compari ng with each other, every on e's clothes are made of coars

17、e wool or linen, and the style is simple and similar, only the difference between men and women and their unmarried married. Moore believes that in order to establish a just order, we must completely abolish private ownership and implement public ownership of property. Only in this way can we elimin

18、ate greed and exploitation. The author, by the words of Rafael Fraslade, expressed his opinion: "Wherever private own ership exists and all people measure everyth ing by their cash value, the n it is hard for a nation to have justice and prosperity." More The book appeared as a "Minis

19、ter Moore". He suggested that only when all people are engaged in productive labor can the material satisfy the n eeds of all. If one does not care about on e's own in terests, he is easily in dole nt , I only hope others to work hard. When people live in poverty and carry out public owners

20、hip of property, bloodshed and riots can easily be caused. Therefore, they need the authority of the Chief Executive to exercise control. This involves one aspect of the practice of political science, and because of the truth of power, the in ability of society to renounce privileges whe n people vo

21、lun tarily give up in comes or whe n everyth ing is "equal", making it impossible for the perfect justice of utopia to be realized The weakness of the decision. Then in order to realize it, power must be used, and the power to conquer the natural nature of people or the power to change peo

22、ple's basic in st in cts can be see n in the dystopia n trilogy of the 20th cen tury.5 SummaryAlthough the utopian kingdom proved to be unrealistic, even after the twentieth century anti-foreigners were ridiculed by scholars in the face of dystopian novels. However, the spirit of the humanist ut

23、opia triggered by Thomas More is worthy of recognition. From the historical perspective of utopia n literary traditi on, utopia n no vels orig in ated from the malpractice and decay of the society at that time. It expresses the author's dislike of the chaotic society and the longing for and purs

24、uit of peaceful and happy society. From a socio-cultural point of view, utopia n society represe nts a picture of the future society that surpasses reality, a perfect social livi ng environment that people desire and pursue in their hearts. Wilde, a British writer, once declared that it is not worth

25、 look ing into the world map without Utopia. In a sen se, as long as people have hope for the future, utopia will always exist. Utopian literature holds an important position not only in the history of wester n literature but also in the history of wester n thought and culture. It represe nts a kind

26、 of mankin d's con siderati on of the surpass ing spirit of the prese nt, the huma ni stic reflect ion on social history and the deep concern for the existe nee of mankind.Refere ncesZhang Chao, Kun Peng. (2017). Preliminary Study on the Ideological and Cultural Origins of Thomas More 'Utopi

27、a (Doctoral dissertati on, Nanji ng Uni versity).(2008). On Catholicism and Humanism in Thomas Moore 's Utopia (Doctoral dissertation, Hunan Normal Uni versity).(2013). Thomas More's Humanist Utopia. Journal of Chongqing Institute of Electronic Engin eeri ng, 22 (1), 49-51.(2008). Thomas Mor

28、e 's Religious Origins in The Utopia (Doctoral dissertation, Shanghai International Studies University).(2008). The Christian Humanism of Thomas More "Utopia." Journal of Fuzhou University (Philosophy and Social Scie nee Editio n), 22 (2), 63-67.(2008). A Probe into the Relati on ship

29、Betwee n Thomas More and the Ideology of Utopia. Journal of Xidian University (Social Scienee), 18 (4), 133-136.Zhou Xiaolia ng. (1996). Ethics in Thomas More's Utopia. Ethics and Civilizatio n (3), 31-34.From Earth State to Utopia: Thomas More's Inheritance and Surpassing of the Tradition o

30、f Italian Humanism. Journal of Yunnan University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Science), 33 (2), 129. Li Yuhe ng, & LIYu-he ng. -135.Zhang Haoyu n. (2010). Review: Thomas More's Utopia. A New Rou nd of Western Developme nt and Guizhou Social Developme nt Academic Symposium and Guizhou Society of Sociology 2010 Annual Conference Proceedi ngs.Klaus Burgha n, & Kim Shou Tzu (2016). A Mag ni fice n